Wind power in Indiana

Wind power in Indiana is located in Indiana
Benton Cty
Fowler Ridge
Meadow Lake
Hoosier
Union City
Union City
Headwaters
Headwaters
Carthage
Carthage
Haubstadt
Kokomo
Kokomo
LaGrange
LaGrange
Wildcat I
Wildcat I
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Wind power projects in Indiana
  Operating
  Under construction
  Stand Alone Facilities

Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water-pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility-scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of March of 2024, Indiana had a total of 2,743 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states.[1] Wind power was responsible for 4.8% of in-state electricity production in 2016.[2]

The main utility-scale development up to 2016 has been in the northwest part of the state in Benton, White, and Jasper Counties. As of May 2017, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm was completed and has a final nameplate capacity of 750 MW, making it the Midwest's largest wind farm, and one of the largest in the world. Wind energy growth in Indiana continues, with 15 projects currently online, continually increasing the total installed capacity of the state.[3][4]

Installed capacity and wind resources

The following table compares the growth in wind power installed nameplate capacity in MW for Indiana and the entire United States from 2007 through 2019.[5][6][7]

Year Indiana US
2007 0 16,907
2008 130.5 25,410
2009 1,036 34,863
2010 1,339.2 40,267
2011 1,340 46,916
2012 1,543 60,005
2013 1,544 61,107
2014 1,745 65,880
2015 1,895 74,471
2016 1,895 82,171
2017 2,117 89,078
2018 2,317 96,487
2019 2,317 105,583
2020 2,968 122,478
Installed capacity by state as of 2018 (animated map of installed capacity growth)
Average annual wind power density map for Indiana at 50m above ground

As of 2017 the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines, respectively. Together, these yield 4.82% of the total in-state electricity production (~4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~453,000 homes).[8][3] To put this number into perspective, Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana, stating the wind potential (from turbines with an 80 m hub height) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030. This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now, with 15 wind projects currently online in the state.[3]

Indiana also has some offshore wind resources in the shallows of Lake Michigan along its shoreline.[9][10][11] However, offshore wind power development is far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of 2024.

Wind generation

Indiana Wind Generation in 2015
Indiana Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2008 239 26 27 18 14 17 37 43 57
2009 1,404 49 109 133 161 94 69 43 64 45 145 220 272
2010 2,935 271 187 225 316 221 157 119 91 246 342 396 364
2011 3,286 315 390 377 429 270 203 82 83 164 246 432 295
2012 3,211 416 307 374 386 212 184 113 94 162 328 242 394
2013 3,481 450 276 334 396 303 184 138 92 155 297 449 405
2014 3,495 415 252 323 388 304 190 167 101 158 325 507 366
2015 4,516 411 413 424 425 365 272 176 165 214 517 554 580
2016 4,898 656 572 510 451 402 279 164 148 241 460 477 538
2017 5,090 476 484 521 515 429 349 179 171 228 523 587 628
2018 5,438 768 512 617 465 423 276 223 260 272 518 508 596
2019 6,217 663 594 649 712 498 427 260 232 346 562 545 729
2020 6,287 632 596 651 633 505 366 194 162 357 581 800 810
2021 7,899 661 722 894 723 588 576 350 360 660 621 807 937
2022 9,767 956 1,023 1,037 1,012 854 554 469 416 504 909 1,054 979
2023 2,976 905 969 1,102

  Teal background indicates the largest wind generation month for the year.

  Green background indicates the largest wind generation month to date.

Source:[12][13][14][15][16]

As this graph indicates, Indiana generally tends to have more steady wind from Fall to Spring months, evidenced by the fact that even in Southern Indiana, wind chill is a common factor of outside conditions. October and November, for example often see large variances in temperature, causing more days of strong gusty winds, thereby generating more wind electricity production. The same happens in March and April. But often in the Summer months the air tends to stagnate, resulting in less wind electricity production.

Wind farms

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

See also: List of power stations in Indiana


The following table of wind farms and utility-scale wind power developments uses data from the AWEA,[5] the State of Indiana,[17] and other sources. For the larger projects constructed in phases, the table lists separate information for each phase. The name of each wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm. The Wind Farm suffix is implied and hence removed for brevity. For more details and references for each wind farm, see its article.

Wind farm County(s) Coordinates Turbine model Power per turbine (MW) No. of Turbines Total Nameplate Capacity (MW) Online Developer Operator Power purchaser
Benton County phase I Benton 40°41′10″N 87°24′29″W / 40.686°N 87.408°W / 40.686; -87.408 ("Benton County Wind Farm phase I") GE sl/sle Gen4 1.5 87 130.5 2008-04 Orion Energy Orion Energy Duke, Vectren
Black River Gibson, Posey 65 (Proposed)
Fowler Ridge phase I Vestas Benton 40°36′29″N 87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase I Vestas") Vestas V82 1.65 182 300.3 2009-04 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Dominion
Fowler Ridge phase I Clipper Benton 40°36′29″N 87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase I Clipper") Clipper 2.5 2.5 40 100 2009-04 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Dominion
Fowler Ridge phase II Benton 40°36′29″N 87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase II") GE sl/sle Gen4 1.5 133 199.5 2009-12 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Vectren
Headwaters Randolph Vestas V110 2 100 200 December 2014 EDP Renewables North America EDP Renewables North America Indiana Michigan Power
Hoosier Benton 40°36′N 87°19′W / 40.6°N 87.32°W / 40.6; -87.32 ("Hoosier Wind Farm") REpower 2 53 106 2009-08 IPL, enXco IPL, enXco IPL
Indiana Crossroads I White Vestas V150 4.2 72 302.4 2021-12 EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO
Indiana Crossroads II White Nordex N155 4.8 42 201.6 2023-12 EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO
Jordan Creek Benton, Warren GE 2.3, 2.52, 2.6, 2.82 2.3, 2.52, 2.6, 2.82 146 398.68 2020-12 NextEra NextEra NIPSCO
Meadow Lake phase I White 40°36′04″N 86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase I") Vestas V82 1.65 121 199.65 October 2009 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America AEP, wholesale market
Meadow Lake phase II White 40°36′04″N 86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase II") Acciona 1.5 66 99 June 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America
Meadow Lake phase III White 40°36′04″N 86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase III") GE 1.5 69 103.5 October 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America
Meadow Lake phase IV White 40°36′04″N 86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase IV") Suzlon 2.1 47 98.7 October 2010 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America
Prairie Breeze Tipton 40°21′40″N 86°09′07″W / 40.361°N 86.152°W / 40.361; -86.152 ("Prairie Breeze Wind Farm") 1.6 94 (Cancelled)[18] Juwi
Rosewater White VestasV136 and V150 3.6 and 4.2 25 102 November 2020 NiSource EDP Renewables North America/NIPSCO NIPSCO
Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation Randolph 40°12′04″N 84°48′54″W / 40.201°N 84.815°W / 40.201; -84.815 ("Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation") Nordic Windpower 1 2 2 2010-02 Performance Services Union City, Randolph Eastern School Corporation AEP
Wildcat phase I Madison, Tipton 40°21′07″N 85°52′55″W / 40.352°N 85.882°W / 40.352; -85.882 ("Wildcat Wind Farm phase I") GE 1.6 125 200 2012-10 E.ON E.ON AEP
Wildcat phase II Grant, Howard 40°28′48″N 85°51′36″W / 40.480°N 85.860°W / 40.480; -85.860 ("Wildcat Wind Farm phase II") 40-60 (proposed) E.ON
Wildcat phase III Tipton 40-75 (proposed) E.ON
Wildcat phase IV Tipton (proposed) E.ON

Single-unit turbines

In addition to the above wind farms, single stand-alone units have also been built in multiple other locations, mostly at schools. Some of these units were placed to test the environment for future wind energy development.[19][20][21]

Location County Owner Wind speed
(m/s) 		Power
(Kw)
Akron Kosciusko Tippecanoe Valley School Corporation 6.5 m/s (14.5 mph) 900
Middletown Henry Shenandoah School Corporation 900
Carthage Shelby 7.7 / 99m
Haubstadt Gibson South Gibson School Corporation 6.1 / 99m
Kokomo Howard Northwestern School Corporation 7.0 / 99m
LaGrange LaGrange 7.0 / 99m
Francesville Pulaski West Central School Corporation 6.9 900

Environmental impact

Main article: Environmental impact of wind power

According to the USDOE, each 1000 MW of wind power capacity installed in Indiana will annually save 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminate 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.[22]

For comparison, Indiana emitted a total of 1,883 lbs/MWh of carbon dioxide in 2015.[23][24]

As of March 2010 Indiana lacked a renewable energy standard, unlike several other midwestern states: Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa.[25] Nevertheless, Indiana's wind power development had outpaced that of Ohio and Michigan.

Government policies and initiatives

The Indiana State government, along with the Federal Government, has put many incentives in place for the use of wind energy. The three main categories of incentives are 1) utility, 2) state, and 3) federal.

Utility

Utility incentives target customers that have their own small wind energy systems (no greater than 1 MW). These incentives consist of 1) Net Metering and 2) Feed in Tariff (FIT) incentives. Net metering allows the utility company to track the energy the wind system produces and customers can then use that energy as a credit on their bills. The FIT program, only adopted by the utility company Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), pays their customers per kWh of energy produced by their wind turbine, opposed to offering a credit. Currently NIPSCO mandates a rate of $0.17/kWh for systems less than or equal to 100 kW and $0.10/kWh for systems 100 kW-2MW.[26]

State

State-level incentives consist of the 1) Renewable Energy Property Tax Exemption and 2) Indiana Sales Tax Incentive for Electrical Generating Equipment. The renewable energy exemption states that the assessed value of any wind system installed after December 31, 2011 is eligible for property tax exemption pending the completion of state form 18865. The sales tax incentive states that the equipment used to produce renewable electricity are eligible for a sales tax exemption. The state of Indiana also implemented a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS) in May 2011. The CPS set a goal for the state to have 10% of its electric generation come from clean energy by 2025.[26]

Federal

Federal Incentives include 1) The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), 2) Business Energy Investment Tax Credit, and 3) Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit. The REAP program provides grants to agricultural producers and rural businesses for projects that yield more energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Business Energy Tax Credit, as of 9/18/2017, is only available to large wind turbines (greater than 100 kW in capacity) and will expire 12/31/2019. The credit is currently at a rate of 24% of invested expenditures with no credit cap. The Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit is similar to the Business Investment credit except only small turbines qualify (cannot exceed 100 kW). As of 9/18/2017, the tax credit is at 30% with no max. This credit will also expire 12/31/2019.[26]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Indiana.

References

  1. ^ "Fuel Facts: Wind Energy". Indiana Office of Energy Development. December 2020.
  2. ^ "Indiana Wind Energy" (PDF). U.S. Wind Energy State Facts. American Wind Energy Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c "Indiana Wind Energy" (PDF). American Wind Energy Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2018.
  4. ^ "Meadow Lake Update" (PDF). Horizon Wind Energy. July 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2010. [dead link]
  5. ^ a b "U.S. Wind Energy Projects - Indiana". American Wind Energy Association. September 30, 2010. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
  6. ^ "EIA - Electricity Data Browser, Table 6.2.B. Net Summer Capacity Using Primarily Renewable Energy Sources and by State, December 2018 and 2017 (Megawatts)". U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  7. ^ "WINDExchange: U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation". windexchange.energy.gov.
  8. ^ "EIA - State Electricity Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  9. ^ Bradley, David (February 6, 2004). "A Great Potential: The Great Lakes as a Regional Renewable Energy Source" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
  10. ^ "Great Lakes eyed for offshore wind farms". NBC News, Associated Press. October 31, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  11. ^ "Momentum Grows for Great Lakes Offshore Wind". NewEnergyNews. October 31, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
  12. ^ EIA (July 27, 2012). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.A." United States Department of Energy. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  13. ^ EIA (July 27, 2012). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.B." United States Department of Energy. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
  14. ^ EIA (February 2013). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.A." (PDF). United States Department of Energy. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  15. ^ EIA (February 2016). "Electric Power Monthly Table 1.17.A." (PDF). United States Department of Energy. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  16. ^ EIA (January 23, 2013). "Electric Power Monthly". United States Department of Energy. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  17. ^ "Indiana Office of Energy Development - Wind Power". IN.gov - Official Website of the State of Indiana. Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  18. ^ "Juwi Wind abandons plans for Prairie Breeze wind project". Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  19. ^ ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/91911.pdf
  20. ^ "Indiana Awards Renewable Energy Grants - Newsroom - Inside INdiana Business with Gerry Dick". Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  21. ^ "Wind Turbine". www.wcsc.k12.in.us.
  22. ^ Lantz, Eric; Tegen, Suzanne (May 2008). "Economic Benefits, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions Reductions, and Water Conservation Benefits from 1,000 Megawatts (MW) of New Wind Power in Indiana" (PDF). EERE, NREL. Archived from the original (PDF, 503kB) on May 28, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
  23. ^ "EIA - State Electricity Profiles". www.eia.gov. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  24. ^ Emission rate 2007 epa.gov [dead link]
  25. ^ Slabaugh, Seth (January 11, 2010). "Indiana not promoting wind energy like its neighbors". Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  26. ^ a b c "OED: Wind Power". www.in.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2017.