Vršac (Serbian Cyrillic: Вршац, pronounced[ʋr̩̂ʃat͡s]; Hungarian: Versec; Romanian: Vârșeț) is a city in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022, the city urban area had a population of 31,946, while the city administrative area had 45,462 inhabitants. It is located in the geographical region of Banat.
Etymology
The name Vršac is of Serbian origin, ultimately deriving from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ, meaning "summit".[1]
In Serbian, the city is known as Вршац or Vršac, in Romanian as Vârșeț, in Hungarian as Versec or Versecz, in German as Werschetz, and in Turkish as Virşac or Verşe.
History
The uniqueness of Vršac is reflected in the fact that it has been inhabited since the dawn of the first cultures. Thus, the oldest traces of human presence in Banat originate precisely from Vršac, since individual finds of Paleolithic flint tools from the middle and younger Paleolithic, Mousterian and Aurignacian cultures were found on the slopes of the Vršac Mountains. The collection of over 5,000 finds from this period constitutes the largest collection of Paleolithic material in the Balkans.
There are traces of human settlement from the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods. Remains from two types of Neolithic cultures have been discovered in the area: an older one, known as the Starčevo culture, and a more recent one, known as the Vinča culture. Near Vršac there are Vatin circles that were estimated to belong to the Vinča culture.[2]
From the Bronze Age, there are traces of the Vatin culture and Vršac culture, while from the Iron Age, there are traces of the Hallstatt culture and La Tène culture (which is largely associated with the Celts).
The Agathyrsi (people of mixed Scythian-Thracian origin) are the first people known to have lived in this region. Later, the region was inhabited by Getae and Dacians. It belonged to the Dacian kingdoms of Burebista and Decebalus, and then to the Roman Empire from 102 to 271 AD. Archaeologists have found traces of ancient Dacian and Roman settlements in the city. Later, the region belonged to the Empire of the Huns, the Gepid and Avar kingdoms, and the Bulgarian Empire.
The Slavs settled in this region in the 6th century, and the Slavic tribe known as the Abodrites (Bodriči) was recorded as living in the area. The Slavs from the region were Christianized during the rule of the duke Ahtum in the 11th century. When duke Ahtum was defeated by the Kingdom of Hungary, the region was included in the latter state.
Information about the early history of the town is scant. According to Serbian historians, medieval Vršac was founded and inhabited by Serbs in 1425,[3][4] although it was under administration of the Kingdom of Hungary. The original name of the town is unknown. There are several theories that its first name was Vers, Verbeč, Veršet or Vegenje, but these theories are not confirmed. The name of the town appears for the first time in 1427 in the form Podvršan. [1][permanent dead link] The Hungarian 12th century chronicle known as Gesta Hungarorum mention the castle of Vrscia in Banat, which belonged to Romanian duke Glad in the 9th century. According to some interpretations, Vrscia is identified with modern Vršac,[5] while according to other opinions, it is identified with Orşova. According to some claims, the town was at first in the possession of the Hungarian kings, [citation needed] and later became property of a Hungarian aristocrat, Miklós Peréyi, ban of Severin.[citation needed] In the 15th century, the town was in the possession of the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković. [2][permanent dead link] According to some claims, it was donated to the despot by Hungarian king Sigismund in 1411.[citation needed] According to other sources, Vršac fortress was built by Đurađ Branković after the fall of Smederevo.[4]
The Ottomans destroyed the town in the 16th century, but it was soon rebuilt under Ottoman administration. In 1590/91, the Ottoman garrison in Vršac fortress was composed of one aga, two Ottoman officers and 20 Serb mercenaries. The town was seat of the local Ottoman authorities and of the Serbian bishop. In this time, its population was composed of Muslims and Serbs.[6]
In 1594, the Serbs in the Banat started large uprising against Ottoman rule, and Vršac region was centre of this uprising. The leader of the uprising was Teodor Nestorović, the bishop of Vršac. The size of this uprising is illustrated by the verse from one Serbian national song: "Sva se butum zemlja pobunila, Šest stotina podiglo se sela, Svak na cara pušku podigao!" ("The whole land has rebelled, a six hundred villages arose, everybody pointed his gun against the emperor").
The Serb rebels bore flags with the image of Saint Sava, thus the rebellion had a character of a holy war. The Sinan-paša that lead the Ottoman army ordered that green flag of Muhammad should be brought from Damascus to confront this flag with image of Saint Sava. Furthermore, the Sinan-paša also burned the mortal remains of Saint Sava in Belgrade, as a revenge to the Serbs. Eventually, the uprising was crushed and most of the Serbs from the region escaped to Transylvania fearing the Ottoman retaliation. However, since the Banat region became deserted after this, which alarmed the Ottoman authorities who needed people in this fertile land, the authorities promised to spare everyone who came back. The Serb population came back, but the amnesty did not apply to the leader of the rebellion, Bishop Teodor Nestorović, who was flayed as a punishment. The Banat uprising was one of the three largest uprisings in Serbian history and the largest before the First Serbian Uprising led by Karađorđe.
In 1716, Vršac passed from Ottoman to Habsburg control, and the Muslim population fled the town. In this time, Vršac was mostly populated by Serbs, and in the beginning of the Habsburg rule, its population numbered 75 houses. Soon, German colonists started to settle here. They founded a new settlement known as Werschetz, which was located near the old (Serbian) Vršac. Serbian Vršac was governed by a knez, and German Werschetz was governed by a Schultheiß (mayor). The name of the first Serbian knez in Vršac in 1717 was Jovan Crni. In 1795, the two towns, Serbian Vršac and German Werschetz, were officially joined into one single settlement, in which the authority was shared between Serbs and Germans. It was occupied by Ottomans between 1787 and 1788 during Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).
The 1848/1849 revolution disrupted the good relations between Serbs and Germans, since Serbs fought on the side of the Austrian authorities and Germans fought on the side of the Hungarian revolutionaries. In 1848–1849, the town was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina, and from 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, a separate Austrian province. After the abolition of the voivodship, Vršac was included in Temes County of the Kingdom of Hungary, which became one of two autonomous parts of Austria-Hungary in 1867. The town was also a district seat. In 1910, the population of the town numbered 27,370 inhabitants, of whom 13,556 spoke German language, 8,602 spoke Serbian, 3,890 spoke Hungarian and 879 spoke Romanian.[7][8] On the other side, the Diocese of Vršac numbered 260.000 Romanians in 1847.
From 1918, the town was part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed Yugoslavia). According to the 1921 census, speakers of German language were most numerous in the town, while the 1931 census recorded 13,425 speakers of Yugoslav languages and 11,926 speakers of German language. During the Axis occupation (1941–1944), Vršac was part of autonomous Banat region within the area governed by the Military Administration in Serbia. Many Danube Swabians collaborated with the Nazi authorities and many men were conscripted into the Waffen SS. Letters were sent to German men requesting their "voluntary service" or they would face court martial. In 1944, one part of Vršac citizens of German ethnicity left from the city, together with defeated German army.[9] Those who remained in Vršac were sent to local communist prison camps, where some of them died from disease and malnutrition. According to some claims, some were tortured or killed by the partisans.[citation needed] Since 1944 when it was liberated by the Red Army's 46th Army, the town was part of the new Socialist Yugoslavia. After prison camps were dissolved (in 1948) and Yugoslav citizenship was returned to the Germans, the remaining German population left Yugoslavia. Homes that had been in their families for decades were simply taken over by the Serbs.[10]
Vršac was granted city status in February 2016.[11]
Inhabited places
Map of the city of Vršac
The city of Vršac includes the settlement of Vršac and the following villages:
Vršac is the seat of the Serb Orthodox Eparchy of Banat. Some notable Serb cultural-artistic societies in Vršac are "Laza Nančić", "Penzioner" and "Grozd". The city's Romanian minority has a Romanian-language theater, schools and a museum. Romanian-language instruction takes place in some kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools and one teachers' university. The cultural organization and folklore group "Luceafarul" hold many cultural events in Vršac and nearby Romanian-populated villages.[13][14] In 2005, Romania opened a consulate in Vršac.[15]
The population of the city (52,026 people) is composed of the following ethnic groups (2011 census):[16]
Vršac is a city famous for well-developed industry, especially pharmaceuticals, wine and beer, confectioneries and textiles. The leading pharmaceutical company in Vršac (and nationwide) is the Hemofarm, which helped start the city's Technology Park.
Vršac is considered to be one of the most significant centres of agriculture in the region of southern Banat, which is the southern part of the province of Vojvodina. It is mainly because it has 54,000 hectares of arable and extremely fertile land in its possession.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[17]
Activity
Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
420
Mining and quarrying
2
Manufacturing
4,538
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
104
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
267
Construction
435
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
1,871
Transportation and storage
659
Accommodation and food services
669
Information and communication
194
Financial and insurance activities
230
Real estate activities
37
Professional, scientific and technical activities
472
Administrative and support service activities
566
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security
Vršac is also connected to Belgrade by the Srbija voz railway line 44. Trains to Timișoara are available from Moravița.
Tourist destinations
The Millennium sport center, opened in early-April 2001, is located in Vršac. The region around Vršac is famed for its vineyards.
Vršac Castle
The symbol of the town is the Vršac Castle (Vršačka kula), which dates back to the mid 15th century. It stands at the top of the hill (399m) overlooking Vršac.
There are two theories about origin of this fortress. According to the Turkish traveller, Evliya Çelebi, the fortress was built by the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković. The historians consider that Branković built the fortress after the fall of Smederevo in 1439. [3][permanent dead link] The fortress in its construction had some architectural elements similar to those in the fortress of Smederevo or in the fortress around monastery Manasija.
The other theory claim that Vršac Castle is a remain of the medieval fortress known as Erdesumulu (Hungarian: Érdsomlyó or Érsomlyó, Serbian: Erd-Šomljo / Ерд-Шомљо or Šomljo / Шомљо). However, the other sources do not identify Erdesumulu with Vršac, but claim that these two were separate settlements and that location of town and fortress of Erdesumulu was further to the east, on the Karaš River, in present-day RomanianBanat.
Monasteries
There are two Serbian Orthodox monasteries in the city: Mesić monastery from the 13th century and Središte monastery, which is currently under construction.
Churches
The Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, completed in 1728.[18]
The Apostolic Christian Church of Nazarene, completed in the early 1900s.
Museums
There are three museums in Vršac:
Pharmacy on Stairs (Апотека На Степеницама)- The first and the oldest pharmacy in the town, founded in 1784. Other than a well-preserved collection of pharmaceutical equipment, there's a collection of stuffed animals, created at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
Concordia Building- Originally a hotel, it was erected in 1847. Today it serves as the main museum of the town.
Vršac castle- The interior of the castle was transformed into the museum, which is open for visitors on weekends, from April until October.
^Dragomir Jankov, Vojvodina – propadanje jednog regiona, Novi Sad, 2004, page76, Quotation (English translation): "After the war, property of Germans in Vojvodina (where about 350,000 of them lived) was confiscated. Most of the Germans (about 200,000) left from Vojvodina together with German army....About 140,000 Germans was sent to camps".
^Nenad Stefanović, Jedan svet na Dunavu, Beograd, 2003, pages 174-176.
Iglesia de las Islas FeroeFólkakirkjan Típica iglesia feroesa en Sandur (Sandoy).Fundación 29 de junio de 2007Primado actual Jógvan FríðrikssonSede TórshavnTerritorio principal Islas FeroeAsociaciones Federación Luterana MundialConsejo Mundial de IglesiasConferencia de Iglesias EuropeasComunión de PorvooComunión de Iglesias Protestantes en EuropaEscrituras sagradas BibliaSitio web www.folkakirkjan.foNúmero de fieles 41,729 14 parroquias[editar datos en Wikidata] La Iglesia d…
بيوس التاسع (باللاتينية: Pius PP. IX) معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإيطالية: Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti) الميلاد 13 مايو 1792[1][2][3][4][5][6] سينيغاليا[4] الوفاة 7 فبراير 1878 (85 سنة) [2][3][4][5][6] القصر الرسولي، …
Draaksteken in Mons (België), gravure uit de negentiende eeuwHet draaksteken is een oude traditie binnen de volksvermakelijkheden, waarbij een nagemaakte draak door een heldhaftige figuur wordt neergestoken. De draak symboliseert het kwade, de held het goede. Binnen de ritus van de Rooms-Katholieke kerk worden de aartsengel Michaël en de heilige Joris (ook wel Sint-Joris of Sint-Gregorius) als drakendoders neergezet. In veel (middeleeuwse) openluchtspelen en processies, kwam de draak dan ook n…
اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف حية الشجر حالة الحفظ أنواع غير مهددة أو خطر انقراض ضعيف جدا[1] المرتبة التصنيفية نوع التصنيف العلمي فوق النطاق حيويات مملكة عليا حقيقيات النوى مملكة حيوان عويلم ثنائيات التناظر مملكة فرعية ثانويات ا…
His EminenceArlindo Gomes FurtadoCSSpCardinalBishop of Santiago de Cabo VerdeThe cardinal in 2015.ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchDioceseSantiago de Cabo VerdeSeeSantiago de Cabo VerdeAppointed22 July 2009Installed15 August 2009PredecessorPaulino do Livramento Évora C.S.SpOther post(s)Cardinal-Priest of San Timoteo (2015-)OrdersOrdination18 July 1976Consecration22 February 2004by Paulino do Livramento ÉvoraCreated cardinal14 February 2015by Pope FrancisRankCardinal-PriestPersonal detailsBornAr…
الخطط الخمسية للاقتصاد القومي للاتحاد السوفيتي هي مجموعة من الخطط المركزية التي نفذت على نطاق الدولة للتنمية الاقتصادية السريعة في الاتحاد السوفيتي.[1][2][3] وضعت الخطط من قبل لجنة تخطيط الدول متأسسة على نظرية القوى المنتجة، التي كانت جزء من خطوط إرشادية عامة للن
село Троїцьке Герб Троїцького (Миколаївський район) Прапор Троїцького (Миколаївський район) Країна Україна Область Миколаївська область Район Миколаївський район Громада Новоодеська міська громада Основні дані Засноване 1781 Населення 1518 Площа 2,62 км² Густота насел
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші населені пункти з такою назвою: Павленки. село Павленки Країна Україна Область Полтавська область Район Лубенський район Громада Хорольська міська громада Облікова картка картка Основні дані Населення 20 Поштовий індекс 37862 Телефонний …
English jazz musician Mike WestbrookWestbrook performing at his William Blake Project, Glad Day, in London on 6 December 2008Background informationBirth nameMichael John David WestbrookBorn (1936-03-21) 21 March 1936 (age 87)High Wycombe, EnglandGenresAvant-garde jazzOccupation(s)Jazz pianist, composerInstrument(s)PianoYears active1958–presentWebsitewww.westbrookjazz.co.ukMusical artist Michael John David Westbrook OBE (born 21 March 1936) is an English jazz pianist, composer, and writer …
Africa/Nairobi01/17/S/036/49/EDari efele.net berdasarkan data 2012cData dari berkas zone.tab di tz databaseKode negara (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)KEKoordinat (ISO 6709)-0117+03649Data lain dari tz databasePerbedaan waktu UTC (ISO 8601)+03:00Perbedaan waktu DST UTC (ISO 8601)+03:00Pranala luar timezoneconverter.com travelmath.com twiki.org Africa/Nairobi adalah tanda pengenal zona waktu untuk berkas zona di basis data zona waktu IANA. Rincian datanya sebagai berikut: KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi Titik …
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع القاهرة (توضيح). القاهرة (محلة) تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة إب المديرية مديرية إب العزلة عزلة المقاطن القرية قرية حقلة السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 137 • الذكور 63 • الإناث 74 • عدد الأسر 12 • عدد المساكن 12 معلومات أخرى
Alleged coup plot in the United Kingdom This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Clockwork Orange was a secret British security services project alleged to have involved a right-wing smear campaign against British politicians from 1974 to 1975.[1] The black propaganda led Pri…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Régiment de Rohan (homonymie). Régiment de Rohan Drapeau d’Ordonnance du régiment de Rohan Création 1684 Dissolution 1796 Pays France Allégeance Royaume de France Type régiment Rôle infanterie de ligne modifier Le régiment de Rohan est un régiment d’infanterie du Royaume de France créé en 1684 sous le nom de régiment de Quercy devenu sous la Révolution le 84e régiment d'infanterie de ligne. Création et différentes dénominations 16…
Joachim Albrecht Eggeling (1936) Joachim Albrecht Leo Eggeling (* 30. November 1884 in Blankenburg (Harz); † 15. April 1945 in Halle (Saale)) war NSDAP-Gauleiter von Halle-Merseburg und der einzige Oberpräsident der preußischen Provinz Halle-Merseburg. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Literatur 3 Film 4 Einzelnachweise Leben Der Sohn eines Landwirts besuchte bis 1898 die Bürgerschule und das Gymnasium in Blankenburg und war von 1898 bis 1904 an der Kadettenanstalt Schloss Oranienstein und der P…
كووبيو (بالفنلندية: Kuopio) كووبيو خريطة الموقع تاريخ التأسيس 1653 تقسيم إداري البلد فنلندا [1][2] عاصمة لـ سافو الشمالية التقسيم الأعلى سافو الشمالية خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 62°53′33″N 27°40′42″E / 62.8925°N 27.678333333333°E / 62.8925; 27.678333333333 [3] …
Ilustración de una aplicación que utiliza la biblioteca libvorbisfile.so para reproducir un archivo Ogg Vorbis. En informática, una biblioteca o, llamada por vicio del lenguaje, librería (del inglés library) es un conjunto de implementaciones funcionales, codificadas en un lenguaje de programación, que ofrece una interfaz bien definida para la funcionalidad que se invoca. A diferencia de un programa ejecutable, el comportamiento que implementa una biblioteca no espera ser utilizada de form…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant un aéroport chinois. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Aéroport international de Sunan Shuofang苏南硕放国际机场 Localisation Pays Chine Province Jiangsu Ville SuzhouWuxi Coordonnées 31° 29′ 40″ nord, 120° 25′ 46″ est Altitude 5 m (16 ft) Informations aéronautiques Code IATA WUX Code OACI ZSWX Type d'aéroport Ci…
2019 American drama film JuanitaOfficial posterDirected byClark JohnsonWritten byRoderick SpencerBased onDancing on the Edge of the Roofby Sheila WilliamsProduced by Stephanie Allain Jason Michael Berman Mel Jones Starring Alfre Woodard Adam Beach CinematographyLuc MontpellierEdited byCindy MolloMusic byKevin LaxProductioncompanies Homegrown Pictures Mandalay Pictures Distributed byNetflixRelease date March 8, 2019 (2019-03-08) (United States) CountryUnited StatesLanguageEngli…
American aviator (1904–1991) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Domina Jalbert – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Domina Cleophas Jalbert (1904–1991)[1] invented the ram-air inflated flexible wing, often call…