Void galaxy

A void galaxy is a galaxy located in a cosmological void.^[1] Few galaxies exist in voids; most are located in sheets, walls and filaments that surround voids and supervoids.^[2][3] Many void galaxies are connected through void filaments^[4] or tendrils,^[5] less massive versions of the regular galaxy filaments that surround voids. These filaments are often straighter than their non-void counterparts due to the lack of influence by surrounding filaments.^[4] These filaments can even be rich enough to form poor galaxy clusters.^[6] The void galaxies themselves are thought to represent pristine examples of galactic evolution, having few neighbours, and likely to have formed from pure intergalactic gas.^[7]

Formation

It is theorised by many astrophysicists that void galaxies are the result of large galactic filaments being pulled by the gravity of a major super cluster out of the less densely populated areas, causing voids such as the Boötes Void to grow. Galaxies such as MCG+01-02-015 are sometimes left behind from such events.^[8]

List of void galaxies

Galaxy	Picture	Void	Filament	Notes	Comments
Pisces A		Local Void		[9]
Pisces B				[9]
NGC 7077				[10]
NGC 6503
NGC 6789
MCG +01-02-015		0049+05 Void		[11][12][13][14]	LEDA 1852 (Pisces)
LEDA 3096313		Boötes Void		[15]	Emission-line galaxy
LEDA 84225				[15]	AGN X-ray source
LEDA 87383				[16]	Starburst galaxy
LEDA 2790865				[15][16]	LINER galaxy, Emission-line Galaxy
LEDA 87386				[16]	Starburst galaxy
LEDA 87385				[16]	Interacting galaxy pair
LEDA 101388				[15]	Seyfert 2 galaxy
LEDA 101389				[15]	Elliptical galaxy
LEDA 100709				[16]	Starburst galaxy
LEDA 54705				[16]	Interacting galaxy pair
MCG +09-25-043				[15]	AGN X-ray source
Markarian 845				[15]	Seyfert 1 (X-ray source)
LEDA 87384				[15]	Emission-line Galaxy
LEDA 2103063				[15]
LEDA 1147360				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
SDSS J123644.69+003348.1				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 1166549				[17]	HII galaxy
2dFGRS TGN266Z051				[17]	Seyfert 1
2MASX J12401820-0011064				[17]	Seyfert 1
LEDA 1160233				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 1161018				[17]
LEDA 1186186				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 1110510				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
MCG +00-25-010				[17]	Seyfert 1
GAMA 279943				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 2653526				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
SHOC 239				[17]	HII galaxy
LEDA 2790881				[17]	Seyfert 1
MaNGA 43-22				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 29070				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 28747				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 2534153				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
MCG +10-15-008				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
Markarian 234				[17]	HII galaxy, Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 2677771				[17]	Seyfert 1
LEDA 3129299				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 3132190				[17]	HII galaxy
NSA 12777				[17]	Seyfert 1
LEDA 2675385				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
SHOC 306				[17]	HII galaxy
ASK 047216.0				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
Markarian 89				[17]	Seyfert 1
SHOC 461				[17]	HII galaxy
LEDA 2678872				[17]	HII galaxy, Seyfert 1
NSA 12860				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 3139336				[17]
LEDA 2815866				[17]	Emission-line Galaxy
LEDA 2690461				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
Z 19-3				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 4006977				[17]
LEDA 1206223				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
NSA 14156				[17]
LEDA 1214845				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
LEDA 1223466				[17]	Active galaxy nucleus candidate
KK 242					satellite galaxy of NGC 6503

See also

• Field galaxy

References

1. Rien van de Weygaert; Platen, Erwin; Tigrak, Esra; Hidding, Johan; Thijs van der Hulst; Aragon-Calvo, Miguel A.; Stanonik, Kathryn; Jacqueline van Gorkom (17 December 2009). "The Cosmically Depressed: Life, Sociology and Identity of Voids". Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture. 421: 99. arXiv:0912.3473v1. Bibcode:2010ASPC..421...99V.
2. Schmidt, K.-H.; Bohm, P.; Elsasser, H. (February 1997). "On the emptiness of voids". Astronomische Nachrichten. 318 (2): 81. Bibcode:1997AN....318...81S. doi:10.1002/asna.2113180204.
3. Kuhn, B.; Hopp, U.; Elsaesser, H. (February 1997). "Results of a search for faint galaxies in voids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 318: 405–415. Bibcode:1997A&A...318..405K. ISSN 0004-6361.
4. Park, Daeseong; Lee, Jounghun (December 2009). "The Bridge Effect of Void Filaments". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 400 (2): 1105–1108. arXiv:0905.4277v2. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.400.1105P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15524.x. S2CID 16612240.
5. Alpaslan, Mehmet; Robotham, Aaron S. G.; Obreschkow, Danail; Penny, Samantha; Driver, Simon; Norberg, Peder; Brough, Sarah; Brown, Michael; Cluver, Michelle; Holwerda, Benne; Hopkins, Andrew M.; van Kampen, Eelco; Kelvin, Lee S.; Lara-Lopez, Maritza A.; Liske, Jochen; Loveday, Jon; Mahajan, Smriti; Pimbblet, Kevin (1 May 2014). "Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): fine filaments of galaxies detected within voids". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 440 (1): L106 – L110. arXiv:1401.7331. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440L.106A. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu019.
6. Petrov, G.T.; Slavcheva-Mihova, L.; Kopchev, V. (2007). "Studies of Selected Voids. Faint Galaxies in the Direction of the Void 0049+05" (PDF). Bulg. J. Phys. 34 (2): 385–390.
7. Van De Weygaert, Rien; Platen, Erwin (2011). "Cosmic Voids: Structure, Dynamics and Galaxies". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series. 01: 41–66. arXiv:0912.2997. Bibcode:2011IJMPS...1...41V. doi:10.1142/S2010194511000092. ISSN 2010-1945.
8. Dvorsky, George (6 July 2012). "Behold the Boötes void, the spookiest place in the cosmos". io9. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
9. "Hubble Sees Two Dwarf Galaxies in Pisces". Sci-News. 15 August 2016.
10. Tully, Brent. "The Local Void" (PDF). AMIGA - Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2009.
11. "The loneliest of galaxies". Hubble Space Telescope. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
12. "MCG+01-02-015". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
13. "NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Focuses on Lonely Galaxy". Sci.News. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
14. "Hubble Views a Lonely Galaxy". Space Daily. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
15. Kim, Chulhee; Boller, Th.; Ghosh, Kajal K.; Swartz, Douglas A.; Ramsey, Brian D. (January 2001). "Detection of X-Ray Emission from Galaxies inside the Bootes Void". The Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): L91 – L95. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546L..91K. doi:10.1086/318868.
16. Cruzen, Shawn; Wehr, Tara; Weistrop, Donna; Angione, Ronald J.; Hoopes, Charles (January 2002). "Spectroscopy of Galaxies in the Bootes Void". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (1): 142–158. Bibcode:2002AJ....123..142C. doi:10.1086/324739.
17. Douglass, Kelly A.; Vogeley, Michael S.; Cen, Renyue (September 2018). "Influence of the Void Environment on Chemical Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies and Implications for Connecting Star Formation and Halo Mass". The Astrophysical Journal. 864 (2): 144. arXiv:1706.07099. Bibcode:2018ApJ...864..144D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad86e. ISSN 0004-637X.

External links

• Panjkov, Sonja (22 April 2023). Trierweiler, Isabella (ed.). "Is One Really the Loneliest Number? Void Galaxies Compared to Their More Popular Counterparts in the Field". Astrobites.