Vikersundbakken

Vikersundbakken
LocationVikersund, Norway
Opened29 Jan 1936 (LH test)
16 Feb 1936 (LH official)
12 Mar 1966 (FH conver.)
Renovated1956, 1966, 1977, 1990, 2000, 2011
Size
K–point200 m
Hill size240 m
Longest jump
(unofficial / fall)		254 m (833 ft)*
Russia Dimitry Vassiliev
(15 February 2015)
Hill record253.5 m (831.7 ft)
Austria Stefan Kraft
(18 March 2017)
Top events
Ski Flying World Championships1977, 1990, 2000, 2012, 2022

Vikersundbakken or Vikersund Hill[1][2][3] is a ski flying hill at Vikersund in Modum, Norway. It is one of the two largest purpose-built ski flying hills in the world.[4] Nine world records have been set there, including the current record of 253.5 meters, set by Stefan Kraft.[5] The complex consists of a large hill, a normal hill and several training hills.

The hill originally constructed by Kristian Hovde was opened in 1936 as a large hill. It was rebuilt as ski flying hill in 1964, and was modified in 1989, 1999 and 2010. The present large hill was built in 1988. Vikersundbakken was the first ski flying hill to receive floodlights in 2006. It has hosted the FIS Ski Flying World Championships in 1977, 1990, 2000, 2012 and 2022.

History

In 1894, Vikersund SK was established and started with ski jumping. Until the 1930s, they used six different ski jumping hills around the area. By then, the club had fostered sufficiently good jumpers that it was proposed to build a proper hill. A committee was established on 19 March 1935 and led by Gustav N. Hovde. At first they found a suitable location north of Heggen. However, they failed to reach an agreement with the land owner. Instead, Hovde proposed using the steep hill close to Heggen Church. After purchasing the land, construction started later in 1935. The original hill was designed by Thunold Hansen. Construction cost 6,290 Norwegian krone (NOK), of which NOK 1000 was borrowed and the rest of financed through private donations.[6]

The first hill had a length from the top of the in-run to the bottom of the out-run of 425 meters (1,394 ft) and an elevation difference of 130 meters (430 ft). The in-run was 115 meters (377 ft) long and had an elevation difference of 46 meters (151 ft).[6] The hill was inaugurated on 29 January 1936 with a 50-meter jump by Birger Henriksen. The longest jump on the opening day was made by Reidar Andersen, who jumped 86 meters. At the most he was 10 to 12 meters (33 to 39 ft) above the landing slope, so the take-off was lowered 40 centimeters (16 in) from 6 to 11 degrees.[7]

The main logistical issue with the events was the poor transport service, with only a narrow road to the hill. During the 1950s, the attendance rose well beyond the former 5,000, forcing the road to be upgraded in 1955.[8] By the 1950s, ski jumps were being built larger and in 1954, Kristian Hovde proposed to expand Vikersundbakken, which he hoped would allow jumps of 100 meters (330 ft). The plans were passed by the club's annual meeting on 13 September, with construction starting in the summer of 1955. The lower part of the landing slope was dug down 1.75 meters (5 ft 9 in), the in-run was raised up to 85 centimeters (33 in) and a new jury tower and stairway was built. Additional expansion was passed on 27 April 1956: a 12-meter (39 ft) tall scaffolding in-run was built on top of the old in-run. The hill was designed by Carl Borgen. Contractors were Brødrene Teigen and since the club did not have sufficient funds, they were willing to wait with the payment until they had. The new hill was inaugurated on 10 March 1956.[9]

The new hill was too large to be regarded as a large hill, but was not large enough to be categorized as a ski flying hill. In 1964, the club appointed a committee led by Ottar Grøtterud to consider an expansion of the hill.[10] There was only to be built one ski flying hill in the Nordic Countries, with the main alternative being Renabakken in Rena.[11] Construction cost NOK 445,000 and was in part financed with a NOK 75,000 grant and NOK 150,000 loan from Modum Municipality, NOK 20,000 from volunteer work, NOK 80,000 from the club, grants from companies and banks and from Buskerud County Municipality, and NOK 100,000 in betting funds.[12] Construction was done by Entreprenør Gunnar Sterkebye. The hill received a new 23-meter (75 ft) tall in-run and a new jury tower 70 meters (230 ft) form the jump. On the landing slope and out-run, 200,000 cubic meters (7,100,000 cu ft) of earthwork had to be moved. Work was made more difficult because of high snowfall and temperatures down to −28 °C (−18 °F). The hill was inaugurated on 13 March 1966.[13]

The next upgrade of the venue were minor upgrades ahead of the 1977 World Championships.[13] Ahead of the 1990 World Championships, the venue was again renovated. However, to secure better recruitment, the venue also received a new normal hill with a K point of K-90.[14]

The hill was rebuilt for the 2012 Ski Flying World Championships. It was the first in the world with a hill size of 225 meters, making Vikersundbakken the largest ski flying hill in the world at the time. It has been built further into the terrain with sidewalls made of natural gravel to avoid wind problems during competitions. Furthermore, it has been slanted slightly to the south from the inrun area to further reduce wind problems. The hill was ready for the 2011 Trial Ski Flying World Championships held on 11–13 February 2011.

The old inrun was demolished in 2010. The engineers of the new and larger hill were Slovenians Janez Gorišek and his son Sebastjan. Janez, together with his brother Lado, is most famous for creating Letalnica Bratov Gorišek in Planica, previously the largest hill in the world at HS 215, before Vikersundbakken was reprofiled and enlarged in 2011. Janez is usually named as the 'father' of modern ski flying and is also known as an expert on ski flying hills.

At the trial ski flying championship, Johan Remen Evensen jumped 243 meters to set a new world record during the first official training on 11 February 2011. Later, during qualification, Evensen improved the world record to 246.5 meters.

During autumn 2011 the hill was further improved with a different radius at HS 225, increasing the ability to stand on greater lengths. Additionally the jump itself was cut a meter short because of decreased inrun speed needed by the jumpers. During the 2011 event, it was deemed necessary to add several inrun gates the hill below gate 1 due to better conditions not anticipated by the organisers during construction in 2010. A total of five gates were added. Gregor Schlierenzauer praised the hill during interviews, calling it the best hill in the world.[citation needed] Evensen was also extremely satisfied with the hill, calling it "perfect".[citation needed] The K point was increased from K-195 in 2012 to K-200 in time for the 2015 event,[15] resulting in two new world records on the same weekend: Peter Prevc jumped 250 m (820 ft) and became to first to ever surpass the 250 m mark, and this was followed by Anders Fannemel with 251.5 m (825 ft) the next day. In a training round prior to Fannemel's jump, Dimitry Vassiliev jumped 254 m (833 ft) but fell hard upon landing, rendered his jump invalid as a world record.

Events

Opened as large hill in 1936 and converted into flying hill in 1966.

Date Hillsize Competition Winner Second Third
LARGE HILL (original)
16 February 1936   OP Norway Hilmar Myhra
1937   VIKC Norway Reidar Andersen
1938   VIKC
1939   VIKC
1940   VIKC Norway Reidar Andersen
17 February 1946   VIKC Norway Arnholdt Kongsgård Norway Reidar Andersen Norway Vidar Lindboe-Hansen
9 March 1947   VIKC Norway Thorleif Schjelderup Norway Svein Haakonsen Norway Hans Kaarstein
14 March 1948   VIKC Norway Arnholdt Kongsgård Norway Ivar Nilsen Norway Christian Mohn
1949   VIKC cancelled
19 March 1950   VIKC Norway Hans Bjørnstad Norway Ivar Nilsen Norway Birger Arnesen
18 February 1951   VIKC Norway Kjell Knarvik Norway Arne Hoel Norway Reidar Andersen
2 March 1952   VIKC Norway Arnfinn Bergmann Norway Arne Hoel Norway Svein Lien
8 March 1953   VIKC Norway Georg Thrane Norway Per Thyness Norway Thorleif Schjelderup
28 February 1954   VIKC Norway Asgeir Dølplads
3 April 1954   NRA
13 March 1955   VIKC wind; rescheduled to 26 March
26 March 1955   VIKC Norway Arnfinn Karlstad Norway Simon Slåttvik Norway Erling Kroken
4 March 1956   VIKC Norway Asbjørn Osnes
10 March 1957   VIKC Norway Arne Hoel Norway Simon Slåttvik Norway Asbjørn Osnes
15 March 1958   VIKC
1 March 1959   VIKC Norway Arne Hoel Norway Odd A. Brevik Norway Olinius Skaaret
27 March 1960   VIKC Finland Markku Maatela Finland Paavo Lukkariniemi Norway Asbjørn Osnes
5 March 1961   VIKC Norway Olinius Skaaret
4 March 1962   VIKC Norway Asbjørn Osnes Finland Pekka Remes Finland Vesa Ekholm
10 March 1963   VIKC Norway Torbjørn Yggeseth Norway Torgeir Brandtzæg Finland Raimo Vitikainen
8 March 1964   VIKC Norway Toralf Engan Norway Bjørn Wirkola Norway Christoffer Selbekk
FLYING HILL (converted)
13 March 1966   VIKC Norway Bjørn Wirkola Norway Toralf Engan Norway Christoffer Selbekk
11-12 March 1967   ISFW Austria Reinhold Bachler Czechoslovakia Jiří Raška Norway Bjørn Wirkola
10 March 1968   KOP strong wind
8-9 March 1969   KOP Norway Bjørn Wirkola Czechoslovakia Jiří Raška Czechoslovakia Zbyněk Hubač
27-28 February 1971   KOP Norway Frithjof Prydz Czechoslovakia Zbyněk Hubač Norway Bent Tomtum
11-18 February 1973   KOP lack of snow
22-23 February 1975   KOP Austria Reinhold Bachler Austria Hans Wallner Austria Edi Federer
18 February 1977   K150 SFWC Switzerland Walter Steiner Austria Anton Innauer East Germany Henry Glaß
29 February - 2 March 1980   K155 WC Norway Per Bergerud Poland Stanisław Bobak Czechoslovakia Ján Tánczos
18 February 1983   K155 WC Finland Matti Nykänen Czechoslovakia Pavel Ploc Austria Hans Wallner
19 February 1983   K155 WC Finland Matti Nykänen Canada Horst Bulau Finland Tuomo Ylipulli
20 February 1983   K155 WC Finland Matti Nykänen Norway Olav Hansson Czechoslovakia Pavel Ploc
15 February 1986   K155 WC Austria Andreas Felder Finland Matti Nykänen Poland Piotr Fijas
16 February 1986   K155 WC Austria Andreas Felder Austria Ernst Vettori Finland Matti Nykänen
25 February 1990   K175 SFWC West Germany Dieter Thoma Finland Matti Nykänen East Germany Jens Weißflog
20 March 1993   K175 WC cancelled
21 March 1993   K175 WC
18 February 1995   K175 WC Austria Andreas Goldberger Japan Takanobu Okabe Norway Lasse Ottesen
19 February 1995   K175 WC Austria Andreas Goldberger Japan Takanobu Okabe Italy Roberto Cecon
28 February 1998   K175 WC postponed on next day
1 March 1998   K175 WC Austria Andreas Widhölzl Germany Sven Hannawald Japan Akira Higashi
1 March 1998   K175 WC Japan Takanobu Okabe Japan Hiroya Saito Japan Noriaki Kasai
12-13 February 2000   K185 SFWC original date; strong winds, postponed to 14 February
14 February 2000   K185 SFWC Germany Sven Hannawald Austria Andreas Widhölzl Finland Janne Ahonen
6 March 2004   K185 CC Austria Roland Müller Norway Olav Magne Dønnem Austria Balthasar Schneider
7 March 2004   K185 CC Austria Roland Müller Austria Balthasar Schneider Austria Martin Koch
13 January 2007   HS207 WC cancelled
(night) 14 January 2007   HS207 WC Norway Anders Jacobsen Austria Thomas Morgenstern Finland Matti Hautamäki
(night) 14 March 2009   HS207 WC-T  Austria
Martin Koch
Wolfgang Loitzl
Thomas Morgenstern
Gregor Schlierenzauer
  Finland
Matti Hautamäki
Kalle Keituri
Ville Larinto
Harri Olli
  Norway
Johan Remen Evensen
Bjørn Einar Romøren
Anders Bardal
Anders Jacobsen
15 March 2009   HS207 WC Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer Switzerland Simon Ammann Russia Dimitry Vassiliev
(night) 12 February 2011   HS225 WC Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer
Norway Johan Remen Evensen		 Switzerland Simon Ammann
13 February 2011   HS225 WC Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer Norway Johan Remen Evensen Poland Adam Małysz
(night) 25 February 2012   HS225 SFWC-I Slovenia Robert Kranjec Norway Rune Velta Austria Martin Koch
26 February 2012   HS225 SFWC-T  Austria
Thomas Morgenstern
Andreas Kofler
Gregor Schlierenzauer
Martin Koch
  Germany
Andreas Wank
Richard Freitag
Maximilian Mechler
Severin Freund
  Slovenia
Jernej Damjan
Jurij Tepeš
Jure Šinkovec
Robert Kranjec
(night) 26 February 2013   HS225 WC Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer Switzerland Simon Ammann Slovenia Robert Kranjec
27 February 2013   HS225 WC Slovenia Robert Kranjec Germany Michael Neumayer Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer
(night) 14 February 2015   HS225 WC Slovenia Peter Prevc Norway Anders Fannemel Japan Noriaki Kasai
15 February 2015   HS225 WC Germany Severin Freund Norway Anders Fannemel Norway Johann André Forfang
(night) 12 February 2016   HS225 WC Slovenia Robert Kranjec Norway Kenneth Gangnes Japan Noriaki Kasai
(night) 13 February 2016   HS225 WC Slovenia Peter Prevc Norway Johann André Forfang Slovenia Robert Kranjec
14 February 2016   HS225 WC Slovenia Peter Prevc Austria Stefan Kraft Norway Andreas Stjernen
17 March 2017   HS225 WC/RA(Q)–prol Poland Kamil Stoch Germany Andreas Wellinger Slovenia Domen Prevc
18 March 2017   HS225 WC/RA–T  Norway
Daniel-André Tande
Robert Johansson
Johann André Forfang
Andreas Stjernen
  Poland
Piotr Żyła
Dawid Kubacki
Maciej Kot
Kamil Stoch
  Austria
Michael Hayböck
Manuel Fettner
Gregor Schlierenzauer
Stefan Kraft
19 March 2017   HS225 WC/RA–I Poland Kamil Stoch Japan Noriaki Kasai Austria Michael Hayböck
16 March 2018   HS240 WC/RA(Q)–prol Poland Kamil Stoch Norway Robert Johansson Norway Andreas Stjernen
17 March 2018   HS240 WC/RA–T  Norway
Daniel-André Tande
Johann André Forfang
Andreas Stjernen
Robert Johansson
  Poland
Piotr Żyła
Stefan Hula Jr.
Dawid Kubacki
Kamil Stoch
  Slovenia
Domen Prevc
Jernej Damjan
Tilen Bartol
Peter Prevc
18 March 2018   HS240 WC/RA–I Norway Robert Johansson Norway Andreas Stjernen Norway Daniel-André Tande

The inaugural competition was held on 25 February 1936 in front of 5,000 spectators.[7] Hilmar Myhra won the race, setting the first official hill record at 86 meters (282 ft).[16] The hill was used for a single major competition each year, Vikersundrennet. Arnold Kongsgård beat the hill record in 1946 when he jumped 87.5 meters (287 ft) and then beat it with another meter two years later. The ultimate hill record in the original hill was 98 meters (322 ft), which was also a new Norwegian record, set by Arne Hoel in 1951.[17] After the opening of the new jump in 1957, Hoel set a new hill record of 100.5 meters (330 ft).[9] The following year, Asbjørn Osnes set a new hill record of 108.5 meters (356 ft) and then again in 1960 by Paavo Lukkariniemi of 116.5 meters (382 ft).[8]

On the first ski flying competition on 14 March 1966 saw Bjørn Wirkola set a new world record at 146 meters (479 ft).[13] Starting on 12 March 1967, the club introduced the International Ski Flying Week. The inaugural tournament was held on 12 March 1967[18] and saw Austria's Reinhold Bachler set a world record of 154 meters (505 ft). On 11 March 1968, the tournament was canceled due to strong winds, although 22,500 people had come to spectate.[19] In 1973, the International Ski Flying Week was canceled because of lack of snow.[13] On this hill were also two Continental Cup competitions in 2004 both won by Austrian Roland Müller.

In the late 1960s, the International Ski Federation (FIS) started planning a world championship in ski flying. The Norwegian Ski Federation was opposed to this.[20] Vikersundbakken was awarded the fourth FIS Ski Flying World Championships, held in 1977. Switzerland's Walter Steiner won the race, while Czechoslovakia's František Novák set a new hill record of 157 meters (515 ft). Vikersundbakken was used in the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup in 1980, 1983 and 1986.[21]

The normal hill was used for the Norwegian Ski Championships in 1989. As there was no snow, 3,000 cubic meters (110,000 cu ft) was freighted by train from Finse via the Bergen Line and up from Vikersund Station by truck.[22]

Hill record

Men

No. Date Length
UN 8 February 1936   Norway Hilmar Myhra 92.0 m (302 ft)  
UN 25 February 1936   Norway Alf Andersen 94.0 m (308 ft)  
HR March 1936   Norway Hilmar Myhra 85.0 m (279 ft)  
HR 17 February 1946   Norway Arnold Kongsgård 87.5 m (287 ft)  
HR 14 March 1948   Norway Arnold Kongsgård 88.5 m (290 ft)  
HR 14 March 1948   Sweden Evert Karlsson 88.5 m (290 ft)  
HR 18 February 1951   Norway Arnold Kongsgård 89.5 m (294 ft)  
HR 18 February 1951   Norway Arne Hoel 98.0 m (321 ft)  
HR 10 March 1957   Norway Arne Hoel 100.5 m (330 ft)  
HR 15 March 1958   Norway Asbjørn Osnes 108.5 m (356 ft)  
HR 27 March 1960   Finland Markku Maatela 115.0 m (377 ft)  
HR 27 March 1960   Finland Paavo Lukkariniemi 116.5 m (382 ft)  
#58 12 March 1966   Norway Bjørn Wirkola 145.5 m (476 ft)  
#59 13 March 1966   Norway Bjørn Wirkola 146.0 m (479 ft)  
#63 12 March 1967   Austria Reinhold Bachler 154.0 m (505 ft)  
F 8 March 1969   Czechoslovakia Ladislav Divila 166.0 m (545 ft)  
HR 20 March 1977   Czechoslovakia František Novák 157.0 m (515 ft)  
HR 15 February 1986   Poland Piotr Fijas 163.0 m (535 ft)  
HR 25 February 1990   Norway Ole Gunnar Fidjestøl 167.0 m (548 ft)  
HR 25 February 1990   Finland Matti Nykänen 171.0 m (561 ft)  
HR 25 February 1990   Germany Dieter Thoma 171.0 m (561 ft)  
FR 16 February 1995   Norway Lasse Ottesen 182.0 m (597 ft)  
OT 17 February 1995   Japan Takanobu Okabe 188.0 m (617 ft)  
TR 18 February 1995   Japan Takanobu Okabe 194.0 m (636 ft)  
HR 18 February 1995   Norway Lasse Ottesen 175.0 m (574 ft)  
No. Date Length
F 18 February 1995   Slovenia Urban Franc 179.0 m (587 ft)  
HR 18 February 1995   Austria Andreas Goldberger 179.0 m (587 ft)  
TR 19 February 1995   Norway Lasse Ottesen 180.0 m (591 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Slovenia Urban Franc 182.0 m (597 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Norway Lasse Ottesen 184.0 m (604 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Finland Ari-Pekka Nikkola 184.0 m (604 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Japan Takanobu Okabe 184.0 m (604 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Finland Janne Ahonen 187.0 m (614 ft)  
F 19 February 1995   Japan Kazuyoshi Funaki 193.0 m (633 ft)  
HR 19 February 1995   Austria Andreas Goldberger 188.0 m (617 ft)  
HR 1 March 1998   Japan Takanobu Okabe 194.0 m (636 ft)  
HR 11 February 2000   Austria Andreas Goldberger 207.0 m (679 ft)  
HR 12 January 2007   Germany Michael Uhrmann 214.5 m (704 ft)  
F 12 January 2007   Austria Martin Koch 220.5 m (723 ft)  
HR 14 March 2009   Austria Martin Koch 216.5 m (710 ft)  
HR 14 March 2009   Finland Harri Olli 219.0 m (718 ft)  
F 14 March 2009   Austria Gregor Schlierenzauer 224.0 m (735 ft)  
HR 11 February 2011   Japan Daiki Ito 220.0 m (722 ft)  
#104 11 February 2011   Norway Johan Remen Evensen 243.0 m (797 ft)  
#105 11 February 2011   Norway Johan Remen Evensen 246.5 m (809 ft)  
#106 14 February 2015   Slovenia Peter Prevc 250.0 m (820 ft)  
F 15 February 2015   Russia Dmitri Vassiliev 254.0 m (833 ft)  
#107 15 February 2015   Norway Anders Fannemel 251.5 m (825 ft)  
#108 18 March 2017   Norway Robert Johansson 252.0 m (826 ft)  
#109 18 March 2017   Austria Stefan Kraft 253.5 m (832 ft)  

  Unofficial hill record. Test, trial round or training.

  Invalid. Fall at world record distance.

  Invalid. Fall at hill record distance.

Women

Date Length
6 March 2004   Norway Anette Sagen 174.5 m (572 ft)  
7 March 2004   Norway Helena Olsson Smeby 174.5 m (572 ft)  
18 March 2023   Japan Yūki Itō 182.5 m (599 ft)  
18 March 2023   Canada Alexandria Loutitt 186.5 m (612 ft)  
18 March 2023   Norway Silje Opseth 186.5 m (612 ft)  
18 March 2023   Japan Yūki Itō 191.5 m (628 ft)  
18 March 2023   Norway Maren Lundby 199.0 m (653 ft)  
18 March 2023   Slovenia Ema Klinec World Record 203.0 m (666 ft)  
18 March 2023   Norway Maren Lundby World Record 212.5 m (697 ft)  
18 March 2023   Canada Alexandria Loutitt World Record 222.0 m (728 ft)  
19 March 2023   Slovenia Ema Klinec World Record 226.0 m (741 ft)  
17 March 2024   Norway Silje Opseth World Record 230.5 m (756 ft)  

Technical data

Specifications
Inrun length 124 m[23]
Inrun angle 36°
Top to bottom height difference N/A
Take-off table to bottom height difference 135 m
Take-off table height 2.42 m
Landing zone angle 30° - 38°
Hillsize 240 m
K-point 200 m

References

Bibliography
  • Drolsum, Nils; Flattum, Odd; Lund, Thure (1994). Klang har navnet: Vikersund idrettsforening 1894–1994 (in Norwegian). Vikersund: Vikersund idrettsforening. ISBN 82-993278-0-6.
  1. ^ MacArthur, Paul J. 2011. Taking Flight. Skiing Heritage 23(2) (March–April): 20–25, p. 23.
  2. ^ Bass, Howard. 1968. Winter Sports. South Brunswick, NJ: A. S. Barnes, p. 62.
  3. ^ Ski Jump: Watch Anders Fannemel Set the New World Record. 2015. The Telegraph (February 16).
  4. ^ "Largest ski jumping hill".
  5. ^ http://www.vg.no/sport/hopp/hopp/johansson-satte-verdensrekord-saa-ble-han-slaatt-av-kraft-253-5-meter/a/23952530/ (Norwegian)
  6. ^ a b Drolsum: 42
  7. ^ a b Drolsum: 43
  8. ^ a b Drolsum: 47
  9. ^ a b Drolsum: 46
  10. ^ Drolsum: 49
  11. ^ Drolsum: 54
  12. ^ Drolsum: 55
  13. ^ a b c d Drolsum: 53
  14. ^ Drolsum: 61
  15. ^ "Vikersundbakken now a K200". skisprungschanzen.com. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
  16. ^ Drolsum: 44
  17. ^ Drolsum: 45
  18. ^ Drolsum: 56
  19. ^ Drolsum: 57
  20. ^ Drolsum: 58
  21. ^ Drolsum: 60
  22. ^ Drolsum: 50
  23. ^ "The Skiflying Hill - Technical Data". Archived from the original on March 24, 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vikersundbakken.

59°56′18″N 10°00′22″E / 59.93833°N 10.00611°E / 59.93833; 10.00611

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Institute of tertiary education in Windhoek, Namibia Namibia University of Science and TechnologyOther nameNUSTMotto in EnglishTechnology and developmentTypePublic universityEstablished1994ChancellorPeter KatjaviviVice-ChancellorErold NaomabAcademic staff≥300[1]Administrative staff670 (including faculty)[2]Students10,500[3]LocationWindhoek, Khomas Region, NamibiaWebsitewww.nust.na The Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), formerly known as Polytec...

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Human settlement in EnglandDavyhulmeDavyhulme CircleDavyhulmeLocation within Greater ManchesterPopulation19,634 (2011)OS grid referenceSJ755955Metropolitan boroughTraffordMetropolitan countyGreater ManchesterRegionNorth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townMANCHESTERPostcode districtM41Dialling code0161PoliceGreater ManchesterFireGreater ManchesterAmbulanceNorth West UK ParliamentStretford and Urmston List of places UK England Gr...

 

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Muslim dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Hyderabad from 1734 to 1948 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Asaf Jahi dynasty – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Asaf Jahi DynastyNizams of HyderabadCoat of Arms of the Nizam...

X Caeli

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Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India MandyaConstituency for the Karnataka Legislative AssemblyConstituency detailsCountryIndiaRegionSouth IndiaStateKarnatakaDistrictMandyaLS constituencyMandyaReservationNoneMember of Legislative Assembly16th Karnataka Legislative AssemblyIncumbent Ganiga Ravikumar PartyIndian National CongressElected year2023 Mandya Assembly seat is one of the seats in Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India. It is a segment of Mandya Lok Sabha seat. Me...

 

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Cestraeus Genus of fishes Cestraeus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Mugiliformes Family: Mugilidae Genus: CestraeusValenciennes, 1836 Type species Cestraeus plicatilisValenciennes, 1836 Species See text Cestraeus is a genus of mullets found in rivers of Asia and Oceania. Species There are currently three recognised species in this genus:[1] Cestraeus goldiei (W. J. Macleay, 1883) – goldie river mullet Cestra...

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American architect Louis Christian MullgardtBorn(1866-01-18)January 18, 1866Franklin County, MissouriDiedJanuary 12, 1942(1942-01-12) (aged 75)San Francisco, CaliforniaEducationHarvard UniversityOccupationArchitectSpouse Laura R. Steffens ​(m. 1897)​Children2 The Arlington Hotel, designed by the architectural firm of McClure, Stewart, and Mullgardt of St. Louis Louis Christian Mullgardt (1866-1942) was an American architect associated with the First Bay Tradi...

 

Your New Favourite Band

2001 compilation album by The HivesYour New Favourite BandCompilation album by The HivesReleased22 October 2001Recorded1997–2000GenreGarage punkgarage rockpunk rockLength28:08LabelPoptonesBurning HeartEpitaphSireRepriseProducerPelle GunderfeltFreddy FlameThe Hives chronology Veni Vidi Vicious(2000) Your New Favourite Band(2001) Tyrannosaurus Hives(2004) Singles from Your New Favourite Band Hate to Say I Told You SoReleased: 2002 Main OffenderReleased: 2002 Die, All Right!/Supply and...

 

86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment

86th Guards Maritime Fighter Aviation Regiment(1989–1992) 86th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment(1943–1989) 744th Fighter Aviation Regiment(1942–1943) 20th Fighter Aviation Regiment(1941–1942)Active1941–1992Country Soviet Union (1941-1992) Moldova (1992-Present)Branch Soviet Air Forces Soviet Naval Aviation Moldovan Air Force TypeFighter Aviation regimentGarrison/HQ Mărculești MUN 06858[1] Engagements World War II Transnistria War Decorations  Order of t...

James Gregory

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) James Gregory Vera circuli et hyperbolae quadratura, 1667 James Gregory (Drumoak, Aberdeenshire, November 1638 - Edinburgh, Oktober 1675) adalah m...

 

Benxi Shuidong National Park

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Benxi Shuidong National Park – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Entrance opening to the Benxi Water Caves The Benxi Water Caves (Chinese: 本溪水洞; pinyin: Běnxī Shuǐdò...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!