Tsai ran for New Taipei Citymayorship in the 2010 municipal elections but was defeated by the KMT candidate, Eric Chu. In April 2011, Tsai became the first woman to be nominated by a major party as a presidential candidate in the history of Taiwan after defeating her former superior, Su Tseng-chang, in the DPP's primary election by a slight margin.[3] In the 2012 Taiwanese presidential election, she was defeated by the then-president Ma Ying-jeou, but she won her first term of presidency in the 2016 presidential election by a landslide in a rematch against Eric Chu. In the 2020 presidential election, she was re-elected as president after winning the election against Han Kuo-yu.[4] Her presidency is succeeded by Lai Ching-te of the DPP on 20 May 2024. Tsai is the second president from the DPP, and also the first popularly elected president to have never served as the Mayor of Taipei.
In 2000, Tsai was given the high-profile appointment of chair of the Mainland Affairs Council. Confirming the widely held belief that she maintained Pan-Green sympathies, Tsai joined the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2004.[7] She was subsequently nominated by the DPP to be a candidate in the 2004 legislative election and was elected as a legislator-at-large.
On 26 January 2006, Tsai was appointed to the post of vice president of the Executive Yuan, a position commonly referred to as vice premier.[21][22] She concurrently served as chairwoman of the Consumer Protection Commission.
On 17 May 2007, Tsai, along with the rest of the cabinet of out-going PremierSu Tseng-chang, resigned to make way for incoming Premier Chang Chun-hsiung and his cabinet. Premier Chang named Chiou I-jen, the incumbent secretary-general of the Presidential Office to replace Tsai as vice premier.[23] She then served as the chair of TaiMedBiologics, a biotechnology company based in Taiwan. The Kuomintang accused Tsai of contracting government work out to TaiMedBiologics during her term as vice premier, while planning to leave the government and lead the company afterward.[24][25] She was later cleared of all alleged wrongdoing.[26]
In Kuomintang candidate Ma Ying-jeou's search for his running mate for the 2008 ROC presidential election, Tsai, a DPP member, was surprisingly suggested. Ma stated that there were no set criteria for a running mate, that his search would not be defined by gender, occupation, or even political party affiliations.[27]
On 19 May 2008, Tsai defeated Koo Kwang-ming in the election for DPP chair, and succeeded outgoing Frank Hsieh as the 12th-term chair of the party. She was the first woman to chair a major Taiwanese political party.[28]
DPP chair
First term: 2008–2012
Tsai as the leader of the DPP participated in a rally hosted by the DPP in 2008.
Tsai took office on 20 May 2008, the same day Ma Ying-jeou was inaugurated as president. She said that DPP would work to deepen the Taiwanese localization movement while defending social justice. She criticized Ma for mentioning closer Cross-Strait relations but nothing about Taiwan's sovereignty and national security.[29]
Tsai questioned Ma's stance on Taiwan's sovereign status. Ma emphasized the importance of the so-called 1992 Consensus and called Tsai a Taiwan independence extremist. Tsai criticized Ma's government for not answering her question and labeling others.[30]
After former President Chen Shui-bian's acknowledgment of transferring past campaign funds overseas, Tsai apologized to the public and also said that the DPP would not try to cover up for Chen's alleged misdeeds.[31] The Clean Government Commission was set up to investigate corruption within the DPP.[32]
On 25 April 2010, Tsai participated in a televised debate against President and Kuomintang chairman Ma Ying-jeou over a proposed trade agreement, the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA); while President Ma believed ECFA would increase Taiwanese exports to mainland China and lower unemployment rates, Tsai said it "will force Taiwan to open up for cheap Chinese exports eventually" and certain domestic industries will be harmed by the mainland trade invasion. Tsai also said that the pact "will make Taiwan lose its independence in cross-strait relations and become a Chinese parasite" and that Taiwan should negotiate with China under the multilateral-framework World Trade Organization, which would offer more trade protections and emphasize Taiwan's distinct status.[33]
Under Tsai's leadership, along with some of KMT's unpopular policies, the DPP regained momentum in elections of 2009, after major defeats from 2006 to 2008.[34] In 2010, she was re-elected as the chair of the DPP.[35]
Tsai made a controversial statement in May 2010 claiming that the Republic of China was a "government-in-exile" non-native to Taiwan;[36] however on 8 October 2011, two days prior to the 100-year anniversary celebrations of the Double Ten Day, Tsai changed her statement, stating that "The ROC is Taiwan, Taiwan is the ROC, and the current ROC government is no longer ruled by a non-native political power".[36][37]
On 15 March 2014, Tsai announced that she would once more run for party chief of the DPP against incumbent Su Tseng-chang and Frank Hsieh.[39] However, both Su and Hsieh dropped out of the election in the aftermath of the Sunflower Student Movement. Tsai defeated Kaohsiung County deputy commissioner Kuo Tai-lin by 79,676 votes.[40][41]
Tsai led the DPP to an historic victory in the local elections held on 29 November 2014, in which the party secured leadership of 13 of Taiwan's 22 municipalities and counties. The DPP's stunning victory in the elections strengthened Tsai's position within the party and placed her as the front-runner in the 2016 Presidential Elections; she announced her second bid for the Presidency on 15 February 2015.[42] On 16 January 2016, she won the election by a landslide, winning 56.1% of votes, beating her opponent Eric Chu, who won 31.1% of the votes.[43]
Tsai resumed the Democratic Progressive Party leadership from Cho Jung-tai on 20 May 2020, when she was inaugurated for her second presidential term.[45][46] She resigned as party leader following the 2022 Taiwanese local elections.[47][48]
On 11 March 2011, Tsai Ing-wen officially announced her run for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Progressive Party.[49] On 27 April 2011, Tsai became the first female presidential candidate in Taiwan after she defeated former Premier Su Tseng-chang by a small margin in a nationwide phone poll (of more than 15,000 samples) that served as the party's primary.[3] Tsai ran against incumbent President Ma Ying-jeou of the Kuomintang and James Soong of the People First Party in the 5th direct presidential election, which was held on 14 January 2012.[50] Garnering 45.63% of the vote, she conceded defeat to President Ma in an international press conference, resigning her seat as Chairman of the DPP.[51]
Tsai's campaign headquarters in 2016President Tsai and Paraguay's President Horacio Cartes in Taiwan, 20 May 2016
On 15 February 2015, Tsai officially registered for the Democratic Progressive Party's presidential nomination primary.[52] Though Lai Ching-te and Su Tseng-chang were seen as likely opponents,[53] Tsai was the only candidate to run in the primary and the DPP officially nominated her as the presidential candidate on 15 April.[54][55]
During summer of 2015, Tsai embarked on a visit to the United States and met a number of US policy makers including Senators John McCain and Jack Reed.[56] In her speech addressing Taiwanese diaspora on the east coast of the United States, Tsai signaled a willingness to cooperate with the rising Third Party coalition in Taiwan in the incoming general election.[57] On 14 November, Tsai's campaign announced that she had chosen Chen Chien-jen as DPP vice presidential candidate.[58] On 16 January 2016, Tsai won the presidential election, beating her opponent Eric Chu by a margin of 25.04%.[43] Tsai was inaugurated as president on 20 May 2016.[59]
After her election, Tsai was named one of "The 100 Most Influential People" in TIME magazine 2 May 2016 issue.[60]
President Tsai attends the 108 Anti-drug Responsible Persons Group in June 2019President Tsai during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan
Tsai announced on 19 February 2019 via an interview with CNN that she would run for reelection as president in 2020.[61][62] She registered to run in the Democratic Progressive Party presidential primary on 21 March 2019.[63] Tsai defeated Lai Ching-te in the primary, and the Democratic Progressive Party nominated her as its candidate for the 2020 presidential election on 19 June 2019.[64][65] Tsai and Lai formed the Democratic Progressive Party ticket on 17 November 2019.[66]
In the inauguration speech for her first term, Tsai stated policy goals such as pension reform, long-term care for the elderly, transitional justice, and judicial reform. She outlined an economic policy of diversification via the New Southbound Policy as well as prioritization of innovative industries. In terms of cross-strait policy, she acknowledged the 1992 Consensus without agreeing to it and called for continued cross-strait dialogue.[67]
In her second inauguration speech, Tsai outlined her major goals in her second term, including instituting a lay judge system, lowering the voting age from 20 to 18, and establishing a human rights commission under the Control Yuan. She also outlined her economic policy, which included transitioning from manufacturing to high-tech industries, with a focus on existing semiconductor and information and communications technology industries, cybersecurity, biotechnology and healthcare, domestic production of military equipment, green energy and strategically-critical industries. She proposed goals for defense reform, including a focus on asymmetric warfare, maintenance of a military reserve force, and reform in management to reflect a democratic society. On cross-strait issues, she explicitly rejected the one country, two systems model proposed by Beijing and expressed a desire for both sides to coexist peacefully.[68]
Defense policy and indigenous programs
Under the Tsai administration, military spending has risen in Taiwan relative to GDP. The defense budget was set to $327 billion NTD in 2018 and $346 billion in 2019.[69] The defense budget in 2020 was set to $411 billion NTD, estimated to be 2.3% of GDP, representing an 8.3% increase in total spending over the previous year and a 0.2% increase in percentage of GDP.[70][71] In 2021 it was set to $453 billion NTD, estimated to be 2.4% of GDP, and a 4.4% increase over the previous year.[72]
The administration has also focused on defensive self-sufficiency and developing indigenous industries, such as in submarines[73] and missiles.[74] The AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle indigenous jet trainer, which started development in 2017, successfully conducted its first test flight in 2020.[75] On 29 June 2020, Tsai announced measures to shore up Taiwan's military reserves, including assigning them the same combat gear as active servicemembers and synchronization of mobilization.[76] The first domestically-produced rapid mine-laying ship was delivered on 4 August 2020,[77] and construction on an indigenous diesel submarine began in November 2020.[78] The navy's first indigenous amphibious transport dock was launched on April 13, 2021; named Yu Shan after the mountain with the same name and built by CSBC, it will replace the aging ROCN Hsu Hai (formerly the USS Pensacola).[79]
On 11 March 2022, a special force soldier wrote to Tsai, reporting that insufficient supply and logistical planning compelled combatants to purchase equipment from outside suppliers at their own expense for two years. Such equipment was subsequently disqualified as non-standard upon inspection, in contrast of the reserve trainees receiving new sets of equipment. The soldier also appealed to abolish the mandatory diary writing for examination.[80][81] The classified "2022006470" document was somehow illegally leaked from the presidential office to the media with his identity exposed on 18 March. In response, Minister of National Defense, Chiu Kuo-cheng stated: "I will not let him get away with it", "Fix the crying baby!" When questioned by members of the Legislative Yuan, Chiu clarified that he was disgusted by what he considered cowardly behavior, and that the soldier's critiques were unfair to the preparatory staff.[82][83] The case raised concern on the standard operating procedure regarding data securitybreaches affecting the presidential office.[84]
Under Tsai, several countries which had formally recognized the Republic of China (ROC) switched recognition to the People's Republic of China (PRC): São Tomé and Príncipe in 2016, Panama in 2017, the Dominican Republic, Burkina Faso and El Salvador in 2018, and the Solomon Islands and Kiribati in 2019, and Nicaragua in 2021, and Honduras in 2023, and Nauru in 2024. This continued a trend that was temporarily halted under an unofficial "diplomatic truce" during the Ma Ying-jeou administration where the PRC ceased to court official diplomatic allies of the ROC.[85]
At the same time, the Tsai administration saw breakthroughs in Taiwan's unofficial relations with the United States and the European Union. On 9 August 2020, the United States Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar of the Trump administration became the highest-level Cabinet member to visit Taiwan since the diplomatic break between the ROC and the United States in 1979.[86] In April 2021, the United States ambassador to Palau made an official visit to Taiwan, the first time a US ambassador had done so since the US switched recognition from the ROC to the PRC in 1979.[87] In the same month, the United States President Joe Biden also sent an official delegation including former senator Chris Dodd to Taiwan.[88]
During her first inauguration speech, Tsai acknowledged that the talks surrounding the 1992 Summit took place but does not agree that a "consensus" was ever reached by both sides. She credited the talks with spurring 20 years of dialogue and exchange between the two sides. She hoped that exchanges would continue on the basis of these historical facts, as well as the existence of the Republic of China constitutional system and democratic will of the Taiwanese people.[67] In response, Beijing called Tsai's answer an "incomplete test paper" because Tsai did not agree to the content of the 1992 Consensus.[94] On 25 June 2016, Beijing suspended official cross-strait communications,[95] with any remaining cross-strait exchanges thereafter taking place through unofficial channels.[96]
On 10 October 2016 (the ROC's National Day), Tsai stated the New Four Noes: "our pledges will not change, and our goodwill will not change; but we will not bow to pressure, and we will of course not revert to the old path of confrontation".[97]: 66
In January 2019, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), wrote an open letter to Taiwan, proposing a one country, two systems formula for eventual unification. Tsai responded to Xi in a January 2019 speech by stating that Taiwan rejects "one country, two systems" and that because Beijing equates the 1992 Consensus with "one country, two systems", Taiwan rejects the 1992 Consensus as well.[98] During her second inauguration speech, Tsai rejected one country, two systems explicitly again and reaffirmed her previous stance that cross-strait exchanges should be held on the basis of parity between the two sides. She further remarked that cross-strait relations had reached a "historical turning point."[68]
During her speech on the Double Tenth Day on October 10, 2021, President Tsai rejected the idea of "complete unification of Chinese motherland" through a peaceful unification under "One country, two systems" proposed by the Chinese leader Xi Jinping on the 72nd Anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. She insisted "the two sides (The ROC and PRC) of the Taiwan Strait do not belong to each other" (海峽兩岸互不隸屬).[99]
On August 28, 2020, the Tsai administration lifted a ban on leaning agent ractopamine, clearing the way for U.S. pork imports and removing a major hurdle for bilateral trade talks between Taiwan and the United States.[102] This move proved controversial domestically, and a referendum to reinstate the ban was defeated in 2021.[103]
On June 1, 2022, Taiwan established a trade negotiation framework titled the U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade.[104] On June 1, 2023, an initial trade agreement was signed with the United States on June 1, 2023 under this framework, which streamlined customs regulations, established common regulatory practices, and introduced anti-corruption measures,[105][106] with further measures still in discussion.[107]
Bills under the umbrella of the Forward-Looking Infrastructure initiative have been used to fund green energy initiatives. The administration plans to install 1,000 wind turbines on land and offshore[109] and has contracted Ørsted of Denmark to install 900 MW of capacity and wpd of Germany to install 1 GW of capacity.[110] Taiwan's first offshore wind farm, Formosa I, consisting of 22 wind turbines expected to produce 128 MW, is slated to begin operations at the end of 2019.[111] The government also purchased 520 MW of solar capacity in 2017 and more than 1 GW in 2018; total capacity was 2.8 GW at the end of 2018, with the government planning to deploy an addition 1.5 GW of solar power in 2019 and 2.2 GW in 2020.[112]
On May 30, 2023, the Renewable Energy Development Act was amended to require solar panels on all new buildings.[113]
Break-up of Taipower
The government approved amendments to the Electricity Act on 20 October 2016 to break up the state-owned monopoly Taipower into subsidiaries and further liberalize the power sector by allowing companies to sell electricity to users directly rather than selling through Taipower. In particular, the generation and distribution divisions of Taipower are to be separated. Amongst the stated motivations for liberalisation was to allow for the direct purchase of green energy by consumers.[114] The plan also included emissions controls, the creation of a regulatory agency, mandatory reserve margins (waived for start-up green energy companies), and measures for price stabilization.[115][116] The plan was met with protests by Taipower employees.[117]
Nuclear energy
Tsai campaigned on a promise to make Taiwan nuclear-free by 2025, which was codified into law on 11 January 2017 via amendments to the Electricity Act.[116] An energy blackout due to an unrelated operational mistake have led some to question the nuclear phase-out.[118] According to the results of the 2018 referendum, this provision was abolished on 7 May 2019.[119] Nonetheless, the administration has maintained a goal of phasing out nuclear energy.[120][121] The controversial nuclear waste site on Orchid Island and the dangers of nuclear power plants in a seismic activity area (Taiwan is in a region of the world very prone to large earthquakes and tsunamis) like what happened at Fukushima in Japan in 2011 influenced Tsai and her party to make Taiwan nuclear power-free by 2025. While the nuclear energy referendum guaranteed that nuclear energy would not be abolished in 2018 Tsai decided to not renew the three remaining nuclear power plants' licenses which would expire after 40 years. Of the three active nuclear power plants as of 2016, the Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant was shut down in July 2019, the Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant will be decommissioned in March 2023, and the final nuclear power plant to shut down will be the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant in May 2025.[122][123]
Forward-looking infrastructure
On 5 July 2017, the first Forward-Looking Infrastructure Bill passed the Legislative Yuan. The bill provided $420 billion NTD in funds over a period of 4 years toward infrastructure projects in light-rail infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, flood control measures, and green energy, talent development, urban and rural infrastructure, digital infrastructure and food safety.[124][125][126] Other projects include improving road safety and aesthetics, locally oriented industrial parks, recreation centers, bicycle paths, and public service centers for long-term care.[127][128]
Judicial reform
The Tsai administration proposed a lay judge system modelled after Japan's over a jury system proposed by the New Power Party.[129] The Citizen Judges Act was passed on 22 July 2020, instituting a lay judge system with three professional judges along with six lay judges. The law took effect on January 1, 2023.[130]
Labor reform
On 1 January 2017, the amended Labor Standards Law (commonly referred to as 一例一休 pinyin: Yīlì yīxiū),[131] which was passed on 6 December 2016 by the legislature,[132] took effect.[133] The amendments stipulated, with some exceptions, a 40-hour five-day work week with one compulsory rest day and one flexible rest day. On the flexible rest day, workers may work for overtime pay, and the compulsory rest day guaranteed that workers could not work more than six days in a row. The amendments also reduced the number of national holidays from 19 to 12, eliminating Youth Day, Teachers’ Day, Retrocession Day, Chiang Kai-shek's birthday, Sun Yat-sen's birthday, Constitution Day and the day following New Year's Day.[134] Prior to the amendments, the Labor Standards Act stipulated a maximum of 84 hours of work in any given 14 day period.[135] The amendments were met with protests from labor groups, who opposed the reduction of national holidays and demanded that work on flexible rest days should result in compensatory vacation days in addition to overtime pay.[136]
After taking effect, the amendments were criticized for their lack of flexibility, resulting in a net decrease in total pay and an increase in cost of living, and for having an overly complicated scheme for calculating overtime pay, leading the administration to further revise the Labor Standards Act.[137] On 1 March 2018, the second revision of the Labor Standards Act came into effect.[138] The revisions relaxed the previous regulations by stipulating two compulsory rest days for each 14 day period rather than one compulsory rest day for each 7 day period, meaning that workers could work for 12 days in a row. The revisions also simplified the formula for overtime pay.[139][140] The revisions were met with protests and hunger strikes by labor groups.[141]
The Indigenous Languages Development Act took effect on 14 June 2017, designating 16 indigenous Formosan languages as national languages.[142] Hakka was made a national language via amendments to the Hakka Basic Act on 29 December 2017.[143] On 25 December 2018, the sweeping National Languages Development Act passed the legislature, creating broadcast services for each national language of Taiwan, providing interpreters for all national languages in the legislature, guaranteeing access to public services in each language (including legislative, and introducing elective language classes in primary schools.[144] The act also directed the government to work with civic groups to create standard orthographies for each national language, and to develop a plan for preserving and revitalizing threatened languages. It furthermore automatically designated, in Article 3,[145] all languages of all ethnic groups in Taiwan as national languages,[146] thus clearing the way for Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Sign Language, and the Matsu dialect to become national languages.
On 15 August 2019, the government amended the Enforcement Rules of the Passport Act to allow for the use of romanizations of names in any national language (Hakka, Hoklo or indigenous languages) in passports.[147]
On 27 September 2021, LegislatorChen Po-wei of the Taiwan Statebuilding Party spoke Taiwanese during a session questioning the Foreign and National Defense Committee. The Minister of National DefenseChiu Kuo-cheng responded by asking Chen to speak Mandarin to allow for easier communication, and would not lengthen the session to accommodate the interpretive service, after which the exchange became heated. Chen later apologized on Facebook, saying that the language barrier led to contextual errors. The parliamentary interpretation service stipulated by the National Languages Development Act were temporarily suspended pending improvements.[148][149][150]
The New Southbound Policy was launched on 5 September 2016 with the intent to make Taiwan less dependent on Mainland China and to improve Taiwan's cooperation with other countries.[151] The 18 countries the New Southbound Policy targeted for increased cooperation are: Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Australia and New Zealand.[152] The policy designated areas of cooperation in trade, technology, agriculture, medicine, education, and tourism. In mid-2019, the Taiwanese government announced that since the implementation of the policy, bilateral trade between Taiwan and the targeted countries increased by 22%, while investment by targeted countries increased by 60%. Further, the number of medical patients from targeted countries increased by 50%, the number of visitors increased by 58%, and the number of students increased by 52%.[153] During the COVID-19 pandemic, Taiwan donated 1 million masks to countries targeted in the New Southbound Policy.[154]
Pension reform
International observers have noted that Taiwan's pre-reform pension system was due to default by 2030 for civil servants and 2020 for the military.[155][156][157] Pension reform was passed via two separate bills, one dealing with civil servants and schoolteachers on 27 June 2017[155] and another dealing with military veterans on 20 June 2018. On 1 July 2018, the pension reforms came into effect. Civil servants, upon retirement, have a choice between receiving pensions in monthly instalments subject to a preferential interest rate or via a lump sum. Under the reforms, the previous preferential interest rate for those who opted for monthly instalments would be gradually reduced from 18% to 0% over the span of 30 months. Civil servants who opted for a lump sum would see their interest rates decreased from 18% to 6% over a period of 6 years. The reforms were estimated to affect 63,000 military veterans, 130,000 public servants and 140,000 schoolteachers. The reforms simultaneously set minimum monthly pensions for schoolteachers and civil servants at $32,160 NTD and for military veterans at $38,990 NTD.[158] The reforms also raised the minimum retirement age to 60 from 55, to increase by 1 per year until the retirement age reaches 65.[155][159] Though the reforms were met with protests from government retirees and veterans,[160] polls have shown that the majority of Taiwanese are satisfied with the outcome of the pension reforms.[161][162][163] After a legal challenge by the KMT, the Constitutional Court found most of the pension reform constitutional, while striking down clauses regarding the suspension of pensions for retirees that took jobs later in the private sector.[164][165]
On 24 May 2017, the Constitutional Court ruled that the constitutional right to equality and freedom of marriage guarantees same-sex couples the right to marry under the Constitution of the Republic of China. The ruling (Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 748) gave the Legislative Yuan two years to bring the marriage laws into compliance, after which registration of such marriages would come into force automatically.[166][167] Following the ruling, progress on implementing a same-sex marriage law was slow due to government inaction and strong opposition from some conservative people and Christian groups.[168] In November 2018, the Taiwanese electorate passed referendums to prevent recognition of same-sex marriages in the Civil Code and to restrict teaching about LGBT issues. The Government responded by confirming that the Court's ruling would be implemented and that the referendums could not support laws contrary to the Constitution.[169]
On 20 February 2019, a draft bill entitled the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748[b] was released. The draft bill would grant same-sex married couples almost all the rights available to heterosexual married couples under the Civil Code, with the exception that it only allows adoption of a child genetically related to one of them.[170] The Executive Yuan passed it the following day, sending it to the Legislative Yuan for fast-tracked review.[171] The bill was passed on 17 May,[172] signed by the President on 22 May and took effect on 24 May 2019 (the last day possible under the Court's ruling).[173]
Transitional justice and ill-gotten assets legislation
The Act on Promoting Transitional Justice (促進轉型正義條例) was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 5 December 2017. The act sought to rectify injustices committed by the authoritarian Kuomintang government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and to this end established the Transitional Justice Commission to investigate actions taken from 15 August 1945, the date of the Hirohito surrender broadcast, to 6 November 1992, when president Lee Teng-hui lifted the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion for Fuchien Province, Republic of China, ending the period of mobilization.[174][175] This time period, in particular, includes the February 28 Incident as well as White Terror. The committee's main aims include: making political archives more readily available, removing authoritarian symbols, redressing judicial injustice, and producing a report on the history of the period which delineates steps to further promote transitional justice.[176] Thus far, the commission has exonerated political criminals from the martial law era, made recommendations on the removal of authoritarian symbols, and declassified government documents from the martial law era.
The Act Governing the Handling of Ill-gotten Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations was passed in July and Wellington Koo, one of the main authors of the Act, was named as the committee chairman in August.[177][178] The stated goal of the act is to investigate state assets which were illegally transferred to private political parties and affiliates during the martial law era, and therefore applies only to political parties officially formed before the end of martial law.[179] This effectively limits its scope to the KMT, which has insisted that it has been illegally and unconstitutionally persecuted and that the investigation is a political witch hunt.[180][181] However, the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) maintained that the means are necessary for achieving transitional justice and leveling the playing field for all political parties.[181] Thus far, the committee has determined that the China Youth Corps, Central Motion Picture Corp., National Women's League, and the Broadcasting Corporation of China were KMT-affiliated organizations and either froze their assets or ordered them to forfeit them.[182][183][184][185][186] The KMT had difficulty paying salaries as its assets were frozen during the investigation.[187][188]
The KMT challenged the constitutionality of the Ill-gotten Properties Act, asserting that the law deprived the right of citizens to form political parties by depriving those parties of assets needed for their operation. In August 2020, the Constitutional Court ruled that the law was constitutional. In its interpretation, Judicial Yuan secretary-general Lin Hui-Huang wrote that the law was a form of transitional justice and viewed it as a corrective measure for actions during the martial law period which were legal in form but contrary to the principles of constitutional democracy.[189]
Political positions
United States
President Tsai (center of image) meets with Republican U.S. Senate delegation led by John McCain, 5 June 2016
Tsai supports strong and stable relationships between Taiwan (ROC) and the United States. In early December 2016, Tsai held an unprecedented telephone call with President-elect Donald Trump. This was the first time that the President of the ROC spoke with the president or president-elect of the United States since 1979. Afterwards, she indicated there had been no major "policy shift".[190]
In January 2021, Tsai met with United States Ambassador to the UNKelly Craft by video link.[191] Craft said: "We discussed the many ways Taiwan is a model for the world, as demonstrated by its success in fighting COVID-19 and all that Taiwan has to offer in the fields of health, technology and cutting-edge science.... the U.S. stands with Taiwan and always will."[191] Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Zhao Lijian said: "Certain U.S. politicians will pay a heavy price for their wrong words and deeds."[192] On her last day in office later that month, Craft called Taiwan "a force for good on the global stage – a vibrant democracy, a generous humanitarian actor, a responsible actor in the global health community, and a vigorous promoter and defender of human rights."[193]
In March 2023, Tsai is set to travel to the United States on a 10-day tour of the Americas. The trip comes after Honduras severed ties with Taiwan in order to establish diplomatic relations with China. Tsai will stop in New York before visiting Guatemala and Belize, before heading to Los Angeles before heading back to Taiwan.[194] During the trip, Tsai is expected to meet Kevin McCarthy during her stop in Los Angeles. Chinese diplomats threatened a strong response, if senior American politicians, including McCarthy, meet with Tsai.[195] Despite China's threat, McCarthy confirmed that he will meet Tsai when she arrives in California. The meeting would also involve members of the Republican and Democratic parties at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.[196]
The DPP's traditional position on the issue of cross-strait relations is that the Republic of China, widely known as Taiwan, is already an independent state governing the territories of Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu Islands, and the island of Taiwan, thus rendering a formal declaration of independence unnecessary. While Tsai has never departed fundamentally from the party line, her personal approach to the issue is nuanced and evolving.[197]
During the 2012 presidential election cycle, Tsai said that she disagreed with the 1992 Consensus as the basis for negotiations between Taiwan and mainland China, that such a consensus only served to buttress the "One China Principle", and that "no such consensus exists" because the majority of the Taiwanese public does not necessarily agree with this consensus. She believed that broad consultations should be held at all levels of Taiwanese society to decide the basis on which to advance negotiations with Beijing, dubbed the "Taiwan consensus". During the 2016 election cycle, Tsai was notably more moderate, making "maintaining the status quo" the centerpiece of party policy. She vowed to work within the Republic of China governing framework in addition to preserving the progress made in cross-strait relations by previous governments, while preserving "freedom and democracy" for the residents of Taiwan.[198]
Tsai believes in the importance of economic and trade links with mainland China, but publicly spoke out against the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), a preferential trade agreement that increased economic links between Taiwan and mainland China. She generally supports the diversification of Taiwan's economic partners.[199][200]
In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody, Tsai pleaded with the Communist government to "show confidence in engaging in political reform so that the Chinese can enjoy the God-given rights of freedom and democracy".[201]
In January 2019, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), had announced an open letter to Taiwan proposing a one country, two systems formula for eventual unification. Tsai responded to Xi in a January 2019 speech by stating that Taiwan rejects "one country, two systems" and that because Beijing equates the 1992 Consensus with "one country, two systems", Taiwan rejects the 1992 Consensus as well.[98]
Tsai expressed her solidarity with Hong Kong protesters, remarking that Taiwan's democracy was hard-earned and had to be guarded and renewed. Pledging that as long as she was Taiwan's president, she would never accept "one country, two systems", Tsai cited what she considered to be the constant and rapid deterioration of Hong Kong's democracy over the course of 20 years.[205]
Tsai has traditionally been supportive of disadvantaged groups in society, including the poor, women and children, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, and LGBT groups. She favours government action to reduce unemployment, introducing incentives for entrepreneurship among youth, expanding public housing, and government-mandated childcare support. She supports government transparency and more prudent and disciplined fiscal management.[206][207]
Tsai advocated for the non-partisanship of the president of the Legislative Yuan, the increase in the number of "at-large" seats in the legislature, the broadening of participation among all political parties and interest groups. She supports proactively repairing the damage done to Taiwanese aboriginal groups, as well as the government actions in the February 28 Incident and during the phase of White Terror. She has also called for the de-polarization of Taiwanese politics, and advocates for a more open and consensus-based approach to addressing issues and passing legislation.[208]
LGBT rights
Tsai supports LGBT rights and has endorsed the legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan. On 21 August 2015, the day of the Double Seventh Festival, she released a campaign video in which three same-sex couples actors appeared.[209][210] On 31 October 2015, when the biggest gay pride parade in Asia was held in Taipei, Tsai expressed her support for same-sex marriage.[211] She posted a 15-second video on her Facebook page saying "I am Tsai Ing-wen, and I support marriage equality" and "Let everyone be able to freely love and pursue happiness".[212][213] During her presidency, Tsai advocated for the legalization of same-sex marriage, despite opposition from ultra conservative religious groups. After the 2018 Taiwanese referendum, Tsai led the government to legalize same-sex marriage outside of the Civil Code, making Taiwan the first country in Asia to legalize marriage equality.[214]
Personal life and family
Tsai's paternal grandfather came from a prominent Hakka family in Fangshan, Pingtung. Her grandmother, from Shizi, Pingtung, was of aboriginal Paiwan descent.[215][216] Tsai's father, Tsai Chieh-sheng (蔡潔生; Cài Jiéshēng) owned a car repair business.[217] Tsai's mother is Chang Chin-fong (張金鳳; Zhāng Jīnfèng), the last of her father's four wives. Tsai is the youngest of her parents' four children. She also has seven elder half-siblings on her father's side and a half-brother on her mother's side.[218] She is the first Taiwanese president of aboriginal descent,[219] and the second of Hakka descent after Lee Teng-hui.[220][221][222]
Tsai is unmarried and has no children, making her Taiwan's first unmarried president. According to traditional Chinese genealogical naming practices, Tsai's name should have been 蔡瀛文, since her generation name is 瀛 (yíng), not 英 (yīng).[223] However, Tsai's father believed the former to have too many strokes for her to learn, so she was instead named 英文, which can be literally translated by its individual parts as "heroic" and "literature". The word 英文 is coincidentally also the Chinese name for the English language, as yīng is also used as a phonetic approximation of the first syllable of "England".[223] Tsai also bears the Paiwan name Tjuku.[224][225]
Tsai is known to be a cat lover, and her two cats, "Think Think" and "Ah Tsai", featured prominently in her election campaign.[226] In October 2016, she adopted three retired guide dogs, named Bella, Bunny, and Maru.[227][228]
^"President Tsai". Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
^邱紹揚、李岱娟 (12 January 2016). "蔡英文媽媽是酒家女？堂哥闢謠：非常好的賢妻良母" (in Chinese). 三立新聞網. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^蔡英文回母校中山女高 勉学妹温柔有企图心. news.stnn.cc (in Simplified Chinese). 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
^Lai, Jimmy (21 April 2016). "Tsai Ing-wen". TIME. No. 2 May 2016 vol 187 No 16&17. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
^Bai, Hsi-keng (18 March 2022). "特戰兵寫信給總統 有怎樣三軍統帥就有怎樣國軍" [Special Force soldier wrote to President: "Like such a military commander, like such an army."] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). New Taipei City: United Daily News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^Lin, Yi; Fan, Yang-guang (18 March 2022). "「裝備自購教召用全新」特戰兵怒嗆蔡英文 網看末段驚：整個連要起飛" ["Self-help purchasing equipment while the reserve trainees receiving new sets", Special Force soldier complained to President Tsai] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: China Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^"特戰兵寫信向總統陳情 邱國正烙狠話「不會放過他」" [Special Force soldier wrote a letter appealing to the President, Chiu harshly responds "won't let him get away with it."]. 解讀國軍軍事聞 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: BCC News Radio. 23 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via Yahoo! News Taiwan.
^"特戰兵向小英告狀裝備爛 邱國正撂話要修理「靠北」的人" [Special Force soldier complained about the bad equipment to the President; Chiu gives the words: "Fix the crying baby."]. 政治中心綜合報導 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Taiwanhot. 23 March 2022. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via Yahoo! News Taiwan.
^Wang, Jiong-hua (25 March 2022). "特戰兵向蔡英文陳情！身分內容竟遭總統府曝光 官員憂：恐引發國安危機" [Special Force soldier complained to President Tsai! His identity was exposed by the presidential palace. Official concerns: "It may lead to the national security crisis"] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: RW News. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^Xin, Qiang (2024). "Selective Engagement: Mainland China's Dual-Track Taiwan Policy". In Zhao, Suisheng (ed.). The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN9781032861661.
^Labor Standards Act (in Chinese). 19 July 2019. "勞動基準法-全國法規資料庫". Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Li, Bing-fang (28 September 2021). "陳柏惟台語質詢和邱國正起衝突，道歉嘆「喜事變悲劇」，立院將暫緩執行通譯服務加強溝通" [Bo-wei Chen questioned Kuo-Cheng Chiu in Taiwanese, and sighed after the conflict: "A happy event turned to a tragedy" - the Legislative Yuan will postpone the interpretation service and strengthen the communication] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: The News Lens. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^Schubert, Gunter (28 July 2017). "Pension Reform Made in Taiwan". Asia Dialogue. University of Nottingham, Asia Research Institute. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^葉素萍、溫貴香 (22 May 2019). "同婚專法公布 蔡總統：重新團結在愛的旗幟下" (in Chinese). Taiwan. 中央通訊社. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^林修卉 (7 August 2011). 蔡英文也有原住民血統 祖母是獅子鄉「排灣族」 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 今日新聞網. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ناقل (توضيح). الناقل (بالإنجليزية: vector) هو كائن لا يسبب المرض بحد ذاته لكنه ضروري لنقل العامل الممرض من مضيف إلى آخر، كالبعوض في الملاريا أو الفواصد في داء الليشمانيات.[1][2][3] وغالباً ما يُقصَد بهذا المصطلح أن العامل الممرض يجب أن يمضى جزء
Bisnovat (kemudian Molniya kemudian Vympel) R-40 (NATO nama AA-6 'Acrid') adalah rudal udara-ke-udara jarak jauh dikembangkan pada tahun 1960 oleh Uni Soviet khusus untuk pencegat MiG-25, tapi bisa juga dilakukan oleh kemudian MiG-31. Ini adalah rudal udara-ke-udara yang terbesar di dunia yang pernah masuk ke produksi. Referensi Gordon, Yefim (2004). Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-188-1. Pranala luar Federati...
Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Agosto de 2023) O Mascaramento em audiometria é um fenômeno psicoacústico no qual o limiar de audibilidade para um som (tom puro ou fala) é elevado pela presença de um outro som de maior intensidade na orelha contralateral. Clinicamen...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أغسطس 2023) بويطية قرية الاسم الرسمي بويطية تقسيم إداري البلد سوريا محافظة محافظة الرقة منطقة منطقة مركز الرقة ناحية ناحية الكرامة عدد السكان (2004) الم
Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid Información artísticaPeríodo de actividad 1903 [editar datos en Wikidata] La Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid (OSM) es una agrupación musical española fundada en 1903. Es la orquesta titular del Teatro Real de Madrid desde 1998. Historia La Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid. Tras la crisis ocurrida en la orquesta de la Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid, que en 1866 fundara Barbieri, durante el año 1903, sus miembros, la mayoría de ellos con puest...
Person who is enthusiastically devoted to something or someone The Fans redirects here. For other uses, see The Fan (disambiguation), Fan (disambiguation), and FANS (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be ch...
Discontinued windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems This article is about the windowing system by Sun Microsystems. For the UNIX workstation series produced by Sony, see Sony NEWS. NeWSHyperTIES browser and Emacs authoring tool with pie menus on NeWSOriginal author(s)James Gosling, David S. H. RosenthalDeveloper(s)Sun MicrosystemsInitial releaseOctober 1986; 37 years ago (1986-10)Operating systemSunOSTypeWindowing system NeWS (Network extensible Window System) i...
2015 video game Not to be confused with Magic Duel. 2015 video gameMagic DuelsDeveloper(s)Stainless GamesPublisher(s)Wizards of the CoastPlatform(s)Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, iOSReleaseJuly 29, 2015Genre(s)Collectible card gameMode(s)Single player, Multiplayer Magic Duels (originally titled Magic Duels: Origins) is a video game based on the popular collectible card game Magic: The Gathering. Magic Duels is a successor to Stainless Games' Magic: The Gathering – Duels of the Planeswalkers a...
Часть серии статей о Холокосте Идеология и политика Расовая гигиена · Расовый антисемитизм · Нацистская расовая политика · Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец · Дахау · Майданек · Малый Тростенец · Маутхаузен ·&#...
2003 video game 2003 video gameDef Jam VendettaDeveloper(s)AKI CorporationEA CanadaPublisher(s)EA Sports BIG JP: EA GamesDirector(s)Hideyuki IwashitaProducer(s)Josh HolmesWriter(s)Mark SawersSeriesDef JamPlatform(s)PlayStation 2, GameCubeReleasePlayStation 2NA: April 1, 2003[1]PAL: May 23, 2003JP: August 21, 2003GameCubeNA: April 1, 2003[1]PAL: May 23, 2003AU: June 16, 2003[2]Genre(s)Sports, fightingMode(s)Single-player, multiplayer Def Jam Vendetta is a 2003 professio...
2015 Putrajaya ePrix Race 2 of 10 of the 2015–16 Formula E season Layout of the Putrajaya Street CircuitRace detailsDate 7 November 2015Official name Y Capital Management Putrajaya ePrixLocation Putrajaya, MalaysiaCourse Street circuitCourse length 2.56 km (1.59 miles)Distance 33 laps, 84.84 km (52.47 miles)Pole positionDriver Sébastien Buemi Renault e.DamsTime 1:20.196Fastest lapDriver Sébastien Buemi Renault e.DamsTime 1:22.748 (lap record) on lap 22PodiumFirst Lucas di Grassi ABT Schae...
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Галимов. Роман Галимов Общая информация Полное имя Роман Рафаилович Галимов Родился 18 декабря 1982(1982-12-18) (40 лет)Улан-Удэ, Бурятская АССР, СССР Гражданство Россия Город Улан-Удэ Молодёжные клубы Селенга Карьера ...
Public park in Queens, New York Baisley Pond ParkView across Baisley PondTypePublic parkLocationQueens, New York City, NY, United StatesCoordinates40°40′40″N 73°47′5″W / 40.67778°N 73.78472°W / 40.67778; -73.78472Area109.61 acres (44.36 ha)Created1919Operated byNYC ParksStatusOpen all year Baisley Pond Park is a public park located in the southeastern part of Queens, New York City, bordering the neighborhoods of South Jamaica, Rochdale, and St. Al...
Persim MarosEjaan Bugis ᨄᨛᨑᨛᨔᨗ ᨆᨑᨚEjaan Makassar ᨄᨙᨑᨙᨔᨗ ᨆᨑᨚNama lengkapPersatuan Sepakbola Indonesia MarosJulukanKupu-Kupu RajaLaskar Marusu'The Kingdom of ButterflyTim Butta Salewangang (Bahasa Makassar: Tanah yang Makmur)Nama singkatPersimPersim MarosBerdiri6 Maret 1950; 73 tahun lalu (1950-03-06)StadionStadion Merdeka Kassi Kebo di Baju Bodoa, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia(Kapasitas: 10.000 tempat duduk)PemilikPemkab MarosKetua Hairil...
Canadian ice hockey player Ice hockey player Ron Hextall Hextall in 2014Born (1964-05-03) May 3, 1964 (age 59)Brandon, Manitoba, CanadaHeight 6 ft 3 in (191 cm)Weight 205 lb (93 kg; 14 st 9 lb)Position GoaltenderCaught LeftPlayed for Philadelphia FlyersQuebec NordiquesNew York IslandersNational team CanadaNHL Draft 119th overall, 1982Philadelphia FlyersPlaying career 1984–1999 Ronald Jeffrey Hextall (born May 3, 1964) is a Canadian former pr...
Pendekatan notasi musik Barat untuk tangga nada Slendro.[1] Playⓘ Slendro-djawar scale in comparison with whole tone scale on C[2] Play bothⓘ or Play equal-tempered scaleⓘ. Sléndro adalah penyeteman pentatonik yang digunakan untuk gamelan Jawa yang membagi oktaf menjadi lima interval yang kira-kira sama.[3] Menurut mitologi Jawa, gamelan Slendro lebih tua usianya daripada gamelan Pelog. Sléndro memiliki 5 (lima) nada per oktaf, yaitu 1 2 3 5 6 (C- D E+ G A) den...
Este artículo o sección tiene referencias, pero necesita más para complementar su verificabilidad.Este aviso fue puesto el 5 de octubre de 2017. Se conoce como pionono a varios productos de repostería, muy popularizados, originarios de Granada, España. En España Piononos de Santa Fe. El pionono, en España, es un pastel de tamaño pequeño elaborado tradicionalmente en Santa Fe, población muy cercana a la ciudad de Granada. Características Se compone de dos partes, una fina lámina de...
List of events ← 2004 2003 2002 2005 in Namibia → 2006 2007 2008 Decades: 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s See also: Other events of 2005 Timeline of Namibian history The following lists events that happened during 2005 in Namibia. Incumbents President: Sam Nujoma (until 21 March), Hifikepunye Pohamba (from 21 March) Prime Minister: Theo-Ben Gurirab (until 21 March), Nahas Angula (from 21 March) Chief Justice: Peter Shivute Events Sam Nujoma Stadium in Katutura, Windhoek is completed.[...
.svg){kind=small}
%E5%B0%B1%E8%81%B7%E5%85%B8%E7%A6%AE%EF%BC%8C%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%E5%AF%92%E6%9A%84_(31429913323).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_-_ribbon_bar.gif){kind=small}
_-_ribbon_bar.png){kind=small}
_Ribbon_bar.svg){kind=small}
_-_ribbon_bar.gif){kind=small}
_-_ribbon_bar.png){kind=small}
.png){kind=small}
.svg)
