Trukhmen contains lots of characteristic features, but is influenced by the Nogai language (especially in phonetics, grammatical structures and, to some extent, in vocabulary).[3] The main cause of dialectal differences in Trukhmen is the contact of its speakers with other ethnic groups, such as Nogais and Kumyks. There is no written literature in Trukhmen - the Trukhmens use Russian as their literary language.[3] Russian is also one of the languages which has an impact on their mother tongue.[4]