Tirupati (/ˈtɪrʊpɒtɪ/ⓘ) is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and serves as the administrative headquarters of Tirupati district. It is known for its significant religious and cultural heritage, being home to the renowned Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, a major Hindu pilgrimage site, as well as other historic temples.[9] The temple is one of the eight Svayam Vyakta Kshetras (self-manifested temples) dedicated to the deity Vishnu. Tirupati is situated 150 km from Chennai, 250 km from Bangalore, and 406 km from Amaravati.
In 2012–2013, Tirupati was recognized by India's Ministry of Tourism as the "Best Heritage City".[11] Additionally, it was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed under the Smart Cities Mission, a Government of India initiative aimed at urban development and modernization.
Etymology
In Dravidian origin,[12]tiru means sacred, Honourable, or Lakshmi and pati, a Sanskrit word[13] meaning abode, residence, or husband.[14][15][16] Tirupati (Tirumala) is referred to as Pushpa-mandapa in Acharya-Hrdayam (13th century).[17]
As per the Purana, a loan of one crore and 11.4 million gold coins was sought by Balaji from Kubera for his marriage with Padmavathi. To pay back the loan, devotees from all over India visit the temple and donate money.[19]
Ancient history
Tirupati was developed by Pallava Kings from 6th century onwards.[citation needed] The city became a great Vaishnava centre during the time of Ramanujacharya in 11th century, from where Srivaishnavism spread to other parts of Andhra Desa. Srikurmam Temple in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh bears the inscription, Tirupati Srivaishnavula Raksha.[20] Tirupati survived the Muslim invasions by accepting to pay Jizya to the Muslims. During the early 1300s Muslim invasion of South India, the idol of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam was brought to Tirupati for safekeeping.[21][22]
The city has many historical temples including the Venkateswara Temple which bears 1,150 inscriptions in the Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages.[23] Out of 1150 inscriptions 236 belong to Pallava, Chola and Pandya dynasties, 169 belonged to Saluva dynasty, 251 belonged to Achyuta Deva Raya period, 130 belonged to Sadasiva Raya period and another 135 originated in Aravidu dynasty.[23][24] These mostly specify the contributions of the Pallava Kingdom around the ninth century CE, Chola Kingdom around the tenth century CE and the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th century CE.[25] In the 15th century, Tallapaka Annamacharya sung many songs in praise of the holy town in Telugu. He termed it as divine, including the rocks, streams, trees, animals, and adds that it is heaven on earth. One example of such a song is:[26]
Tirumala, in all its right, is heaven. Its powers are indescribable. The Vedas have taken the form of rocks and appeared on Tirumala. Holiness has taken the form of water and is flowing as streams on Tirumala. Its holy peaks are Brahmaloka and other lokas. Srinivasa lives on Seshadri.
There was no human settlement at lower Tirupati until 1500. With the growing importance of upper Tirupati, a village formed at the present-day Kapilatheertham Road area and was named "kotturu". It was later shifted to the vicinity of Govindarajaswamy Temple which was consecrated around the year 1130 CE. Later the village grew into its present-day form around Govindaraja Swamy Temple which is now the heart of the city. It has now gained a lot of popularity as a tourism place.[27]
Silathoranam, a natural arch and a distinctive geological feature, is located in the Tirumala Hills at a distance of 1 km (0.62 mi) from Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. The arch measures 8 metres in width and 3 metres in height and is eroded from quartzite of Cuddapah Supergroup of Middle to Upper Proterozoic (1600 to 570 Ma) by weathering agents like water and wind.[33]
Established in 1987, Tirupati Zoo or Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park[35] is a zoo located at Tirupati and is Asia's largest zoo, with an area of 5500 acres. It is built on the concept of Hindu mythology. It exhibits only animals that are mentioned in the ancient epics like Ramayana, Mahabharatha, and Panchatantra. The enclosures are named based on Indian mythology. It hosts a wide range of animals such as deer, monkeys, lions, tigers, bears, elephants, peafowl, grey pelicans, marsh crocodiles, and starred tortoises.
Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana shala is a home for cattle received as a donation (Godanam). It was established in 1956 by TTD and renamed to S.V. Gosamrakshana Shala in 2004. It is located at Chandragiri road, Tirupati. It is maintained by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams using the funds received through the Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala Trust. Activities of the trust include providing a good environment, management, and feeding for the cattle. The milk and its products produced here are used by TTD for daily rituals at Sri Venkateswara Temple and other TTD temples.[36]
Climate
Tirupati has a tropical wet and dry climate designated as Aw (dry "winter") under the Köppen climate classification system. During the dry season, which lasts from January to May, average minimum temperatures are between 18 and 28 °C (64.4 and 82.4 °F). The dry season is followed by the rainy season, which lasts from June until the end of December. The city experiences heavy rainfall in November during the northeast monsoon season. The highest rainfall in 24 hours (219 millimetres or 8.62 inches) was on 16 November 2015, during the 2015 South India floods. Cyclones commonly hit the Coast of Nellore and bring heavy rain to the city.[37]
Climate data for Tirupati (Tirupati Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1981–2012
As of 2011[update]Census of India, the Tirupati city municipal corporation had a population of 287,035. The total population constitutes 145,977 males and 141,058 females — a sex ratio of 966 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. There were 24,643 children in the age group of 0–6 years. It had an effective literacy rate (7+ copulation) of 87.55%.[3] The urban agglomeration had a population of 459,985, of whom males constitute 231,456, females constitute 228,529 — a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males and 41,589 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. There are a total of 356,558 literates with an effective literacy rate (7+ population) of 85.22%.
Telugu is the official and the most commonly spoken language (87.98%). It is followed by Urdu (5.50%) and Tamil (3.40%), Hindi (1.01%) which are spoken in small numbers.[41]
Tirupati Municipal Corporation (TMC) oversees the administration of the city. Tirupati was constituted as a municipality on 1 April 1886; it was upgraded to a second grade municipality on 1 October 1962, to a first grade municipality on 12 December 1965, to special grade municipality on 13 February 1970, and to selection grade municipality on 7 October 1998. Tirupati Municipality was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 2 March 2007. The area of the municipal corporation at the time of formation was 16.59 square kilometres (6.41 sq mi).[43] While, at present the area of the city is 27.44 square kilometres (10.59 sq mi).[3] Tirupati has been ranked among the top ten cleanest cities in India as per Swachh Survekshan 2022 report.
Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) is the urban planning authority. It was constituted in the year 1981, with Tirupati town and 89 villages under its jurisdiction. In 2008, it included Srikalahasti, Puttur and 69 surrounding villages. At present TUDA covers an area of 1,211.51 km2 (467.77 sq mi).[44]
Tirupati has the status of Urban Police District; it has 25 police stations.[45] 100 Octopus (Organisation For Counter Terrorist Operations) commandos are deployed at Tirupati temple for its security. This was formed by Government of Andhra Pradesh in the year 2012. The elite commando force has been specially trained for in-house intervention, hostage rescue and in the Israeli combat technique Krav Maga.[46]
At Alipiri, a security zone was established to screen vehicles and pilgrims entering Tirumala, to safeguard the hills from terrorists and anti-social elements.[47] To ensure more safety in Tirumala-Tirupati, the government of Andhra Pradesh started a project called "Safe City-Tirupati": the Tirupati temple and the city is under 24*7 CCTV surveillance with 3000 CCTV cameras, monitored from a command-and-control centre. Baggage scanners and Explosives detectors are installed at several places.[48]
Utility services
Wind Turbines on the hills of Tirumala
Electricity to the city is distributed by Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL), headquartered at Tirupati.[49] The city mostly depends on groundwater for its needs,[50] though it also gets water from Telugu Ganga canal and Kalyani dam.[51] There are dams in the vicinity: Kalyani Dam, Papavinasanam Dam, Gogurbham Dam, Pasupudara Dam, Kumaradara Dam, Akasa Ganga,[52] all in the Tirumala Hill ranges. Of these, Papavinasanam, Gogurbham, Pasupudara, kumaradara, and Akasa Ganga completely cater to the water needs of Tirumala and Venkateswara Temple while 49% of Kalyani Dam water is being supplied to Tirumala and remaining water is supplied to Tirupati.[52][53]
Tirupati falls under the Tirupati Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).[54] BSNL is planning to establish 27 Wi-Fi hotspots in the city.[54] The city also has a Regional Passport Seva Kendra (PSK).[55] PSK-Tirupati will cover Prakasam, Nellore, Chittoor, Kadapa, Kurnool and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh and will come under Visakhapatnam Passport Office.[56]
The city ranked sixth in India among the 200 cities that competed during Swachh Survekshan – 2018 conducted by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. According to the National Urban Sanitation Policy, the city was ranked 117th in the country in 2009–10, with a total of 39.363 points.[57] As part of 'Swachh Tirupati', Tirupati Municipal Corporation has started household waste segregation programme.[58] As of May 2015, 150 Tonnes of waste is being collected per day from households within the municipal limits.[58] The city is the 11th cleanliest city with 66 points in the cleanliness scorecard, published by Union Tourism Ministry of India.[59]
Healthcare
Tirupati is a medical hub with major hospitals situated in its vicinity. Many of these are either run under State government or run/funded by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD).
Private medical facilityswICCAR (Cancer) Facility at Tirupati
Balaji Institute of Surgery, Research and Rehabilitation for the Disabled (BIRRD) has 250 beds; it was established in 1985 by TTD to treat patients with polio myelitis, cerebral palsy, congenital anomalies, spinal injuries, and orthopaedic impairments. A non-profit organisation, it is run with funds from Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams and donations from the public.[62]Government Maternity Hospital (GMH) in Tirupati is the largest maternity hospital in the state in terms of number of deliveries.[63] Established over 50 years ago, GMH serves pregnant woman from Chittoor, YSR, Nellore, Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh and few areas of Tamil Nadu.[63] GMH was named "best hospital" under the "sterilization and institutional deliveries category" by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the year 2013.[63]
The entire economy directly or indirectly depends on Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD). TTD is headquartered at Tirupati.[67] Established in 1932, TTD is an independent trust which manages Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and other temples in Tirupati and all over the world. It is also involved in several social activities. As Tirupati is a major religious tourist destination, the hospitality industry is also a major industry which includes many 3 star hotels and lodges.[65][66]
Taj Group of Hotel Tirupati
Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL) is also headquartered at Tirupati. Gandhi Road, Prakasam Road, V.V Mahal Road, AIR Bypass Road are highly commercial areas in the city. Major brands of automobile, textile, mobile, electrical and electronic companies have their outlets in Tirupati.[68]
APIIC Industrial Park is located at Gajulamandyam, Renigunta. Industries like Sri Venkateswara Cooperative Sugar Factory Limited, AshwiniBio Pharma Ltd and others are situated in this park. Amara Raja factory is located at Karakambadi, Renigunta. Lanco cement factory is located at Eerpedu mandal. The majority of the city residents are employed under TTD. Zoho, an Indian software development company has an office in Renigunta and has been operating from this office since 2018.[69]
IT/ITES and electronics industry
DIXON Facility at APIIC EMC TptyMunoth Lithium Ion Cell Manufacturing Facility First of its kind in IndiaCELKON Manufacturing plant at Tirupati
Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub is a dedicated mobile handset and electronics manufacturing facility located at Tirupati. The hub is spread over 122 acres (49 ha) Acres out of which Celkon is established in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres, Micromax in 15 acres (6.1 ha) acres, Karbonn in 15.28 acres (6.18 ha) acres and Lava in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres with a total investment of Rupees 2000 crores.[70][71] Dixon Technologies has a manufacturing unit in this hub, where they are producing Smart TVs for Xiaomi.[72]
Tourism sector
Tourism sector is of great importance to the city. It is because of the presence of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple and a number of other temples in and around the city. It attracts large number of tourists which helps the tourism department of the state in generating revenue.[73][74] Tirumala is said to be one of the most visited religious sites on earth, and Tirupati Temple is currently a Guinness World Record holder for most visited temple in the world.[citation needed]
Culture
Festivals
The city celebrates all major Hindu festivals, including Sankranti, Ugadi, Krishna Janmashtami, Maha Shivaratri, Ganesh Chaturthi, Deepavali, Rama Navami, and Kartik Poornima. Srivari Brahmotsavam is a nine-day event, celebrated during the months of September–October, when the temple of Tirumala witnesses lakhs of devotees.[75] During this festival, the processional deity Malayappa of Venkateswara Temple, along with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi, is taken in a procession in four mada streets around the temple on different Vahanams. Tirupati also celebrates a carnival named as Tirupati Ganga Jatara, held during second week of May every year. This is a week long festival where Gangamma (Gramadevata) is worshiped.[76] The tank behind Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur has Padma Pushkarini, where Chakra Snanam is undertaken on last day of the annual Padmavathi Brahmotsavams (Panchami Teertham). It witnesses lakhs of Devotees taking a dip in the holy waters.[77]
Vaikunta Ekadasi, the day on which it is believed that Vaikunta Dwarams will be opened and the most important Vasihnavite festival, is celebrated in Tirumala and Tirupati with grandeur.[78][79]Rathasapthami is another festival, celebrated in February, when Venkateswara's processional deity (Malayappa swami) is taken in a procession around the temple on seven different vahanas from early morning to late night.[80]
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams established Sri Venkateswara Museum, one at Tirumala and the other at Tirupati. It has a wonderful collection of Tirupati temple architecture and historical artefacts, such as ancient weaponry, pooja items and idols. It has a comprehensive photo gallery that gives a unique insight into Tirupati region's culture and traditions. It also boasts a meditation centre.[86] In 1988–89 Archaeological Survey of India had established an archaeological museum in the Chandragiri fort at Chandragiri. It exhibits rich collection of stone and metal sculptures of Hindu gods and other cultural vestiges retrieved from other historical places like Gudimallam, Gandikota and Yaganti. It also includes galleries for medieval weaponry of swords and daggers, coins and paper documents.[87]
Besides historic temples, there are other tourist destinations in and around the city. Chandragiri Fort is a historical fort, built in the 11th century located in Chandragiri. The fort hosts an Archaeological Museum maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.[90] Established in 1987, Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park in Tirupati is the largest zoo park in Asia, which covers an area of 5532 acres.[91][92] Tirupati also hosts a Regional Science centre. A Space Exposition Hall, which has a digital Planetarium, the first of its kind in Andhra Pradesh, and an Innovation Space were added to this centre.[93][94]
Tirupati Ghat RoadSapthagiri Express bus of APSRTC
Roadways
Srinivasa Sethu Flyover ViewVeterinary University RoadNH 140 near Tirupati
The city is well connected to major cities through national and state highways. National highways passing through Tirupati are National Highway 71 (which connects Madanapalle and Kadiri), and National Highway 140 connecting Tirupati with Puthalapattu. Within Tirupati Urban Development Authority Limits, there are two additional national highways, namely, NH 716 and NH 565. NH 716 connects Renigunta part of Tirupati to Chennai and Muddanur (via Kadapa and Rajampet). NH 565 on the other hand connects NH 71 to NH 65 - it starts from Yerpedu area of Tirupati and ends at Nakrekal in Nalgonda district.[97]
There are two all-weather, asphaltghat roads between Tirupati and Tirumala, one constructed in 1944 and the other in 1974.[98] There is a total of 294.47 km (182.98 mi) of roads within the Tirupati Municipal Corporation limits.[99]
Public transport
APSRTC is the state owned transport service, which operates buses to various destinations from Tirupati bus station complex. The bus station comprises three mini bus stations to various destinations, such as Srinivasa bus station for west-bound destinations, Sri Hari bus station for east bound destinations and Yedukondalu bus station is utilised for bus services to Tirumala.[100] Balaji Link bus station at Alipiri is also used for bus services to Tirumala.[98] Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams runs free buses from the railway station and central bus stand to Alipiri for pilgrims. The buses to Tirumala are known as Sapthagiri Express.[101]
There are two footpaths from Tirupati to Tirumala. These paths are called Sopanamargas and are mostly used by pilgrims. The first (and older) path starts from Alipiri and has 3550 steps, totalling 11 km (6.8 mi). At Alipiri there is a temple dedicated to Venkateswara called Padalamandapam. There are four Gopurams (temple towers) along the way. The other path, called Sri Vari Mettu starts from Srinivasa Mangapuram and is 6 km (3.7 mi) long. Both paths are completely roofed and pass through seven hills (part of Seshachalam Hills).[102]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[106][107] Majority of them are named after presiding deity of Tirupati temple, Venkateswara and his consort goddess Padmavati.
SVU Admin BuildingS V Agricultural College Tirupati
The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) is an autonomous research institute funded by the Department of Space of the Government of India. NARL is engaged in fundamental and applied research in the field of atmospheric sciences. It is around 30 km (19 mi) from Tirupati.
Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati is selected for establishment of Multidisciplinary Research Units (MRUs) and Model Rural Health Research Units (MRHRU) by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).[115]
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati. It has been established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, in order to promote Higher Scientific Learning and Research as well as Scientific Exploration at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels of education and to create Scientists and Academics. IISER Tirupati is recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. This new institute started functioning from the 2015 academic year in the month of August.
Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati. IIT Tirupati offers a 4-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) along with 2-years Master of Science (M.Sc.) Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Technology (M.Tech. - started in 2018), Master of Public Policy (MPP) & Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programmes in several engineering, science and humanities fields .
A sub-centre for All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on the groundnut (peanut) is established at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati to conduct research activities on new high. The research will help to meet the needs of the country's 100 arid districts which receive less than 500 mm (20 in) rainfall. RARS has so far developed 12 groundnut varieties.[116]
A research centre for indigenous cows was established by TTD at its dairy farm named Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshanashala. The purpose of the centre is to protect the cows and also to share the rare breeds among similar organisations. The Gosamrakshanashala already had distinctive high-worth breeds like Ongole, while it is also trying to gather Sahiwal breed of cows from Punjab, Gir cows of Gujarat to the centre, Tharparker and Kankrej cows from Karnataka.[117]
Media
Sri Venkateswara Bhakti Channel (SVBC), the first 24-hour Telugu devotional TV channel dedicated to broadcast Hindu devotional programmes is telecast from Tirupati.
^Hopkins, Steven Paul (2002). Singing the body of God: the hymns of Vedāntadeśika in their South Indian. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-512735-8.
^"ABOUT TMC". Tirupati Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^"TUDA – RTI 2005". Tirupati Urban Development Authority. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^"School Education Department"(PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Turkish DelightPoster film asliSutradara Paul Verhoeven Produser Rob Houwer Ditulis olehJan Wolkers (novel)Gerard SoetemanPemeranMonique van de VenRutger HauerPenata musikRogier van OtterlooSinematograferJan de BontPenyuntingJan BosdrieszTanggal rilis 1973 (1973) Durasi112 menitNegara Belanda Bahasa Belanda Anggaran€ 365,000 Turkish Delight (Belanda: Turks fruit) adalah sebuah film Belanda 1973 yang disutradarai oleh Paul Verhoeven dan difilmkan oleh Jan de Bont. Film tersebu...
Tracking and Data Relay SatelliteSatellites de télécommunications Satellite TDRS de seconde génération (vue d'artiste).Données générales Organisation NASA (Goddard) Constructeur 1e génération : TRW 2e génération : Hughes / Boeing 3e génération : Boeing Domaine Satellite relais Nombre d'exemplaires 1e génération : 6 2e génération : 3 3e génération : 3 Constellation oui Statut Opérationnel Lancement 1983-2017 Lanceur 1e génération : Navet...
Musik countryA.P., Maybelle, dan Sara Carter (kiri-kanan) pada tahun 1927Sumber aliranlagu rakyat Appalachia, gospel, dan musik Inggris-KeltSumber kebudayaanawal abad ke-20 Amerika Serikat Bagian Selatan, terutama Appalachia (Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, dan Kentucky)Alat musik yang biasa digunakangitar, biola, steel guitar, dobro, harmonika, gitar bass, fiddle (biola), drum, mandolin, banjoBentuk turunanbluegrass, dansband, country rock, southern rockSubgenreBakersfield sound, musik b...
أولاد بن دودة تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب الجهة الشرق الإقليم فكيك الدائرة فجيج الجماعة القروية عبو لكحل المشيخة أولاد عبد الله السكان التعداد السكاني 158 نسمة (إحصاء 2004) • عدد الأسر 24 تعديل مصدري - تعديل أولاد بن دودة هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة عبو لكحل، إقليم فكيك، جهة ال
لقد تغير رأي الرأي العام الأمريكي بشأن غزو العراق تغيرا كبيرا منذ السنوات التي سبقت التوغل. ولأسباب مختلفة، تتصل في الغالب بالنتائج غير المتوقعة للغزو، وكذلك المعلومات المضللة المقدمة من سلطات الولايات المتحدة، فإن منظور الجمهور الأمريكي بشأن اختيار حكومة الولايات المت...
Copa América CentenarioCentennial Copa America[1]Informasi turnamenTuan rumah Amerika SerikatJadwalpenyelenggaraan3–26 Juni 2016Jumlahtim peserta16 (dari 2 konfederasi)Tempatpenyelenggaraan10 (di 10 kota)Hasil turnamenJuara Chili (gelar ke-2)Tempat kedua ArgentinaTempat ketiga KolombiaTempat keempat Amerika SerikatStatistik turnamenJumlahpertandingan32Jumlah gol91 (2,84 per pertandingan)Jumlahpenonton1.483.855 (46.370 per pertandingan)Pe...
Warchief of the Lakota tribe of Native Americans (1835-1905) Rain-in-the-FaceIté OmáǧažuRain-in-the-Face in 1874Lakota leader Personal detailsBornc. 1835DiedSeptember 15, 1905(1905-09-15) (aged 69–70)Bullhead Station, Standing Rock Reservation (North and South Dakota)Signature Rain-in-the-Face (Lakota: Ité Omáǧažu in Standard Lakota Orthography) (c. 1835 – September 15, 1905) was a warchief of the Lakota tribe of Native Americans. His mother was a Dakota relate...
TixInformasi latar belakangNama lahirAndreas HaukelandLahir12 April 1993 (umur 30)Bærum, NorwegiaGenreAlternative popalternative hip hopPekerjaanPenyanyiPenulis laguproduserTahun aktif2013–sekarang Andreas Haukeland[1] (lahir pada 12 April 1993[2]), lebih dikenal sebagai Tix (ditulis sebagai TIX), adalah seorang musisi, produser, dan penulis lagu dari Bærum, Norwegia. Dia akan mewakili Norwegia pada Kontes Lagu Eurovision 2021 dengan lagu Fallen Angel. Dia memiliki Si...
David Forde Informasi pribadiNama lengkap David FordeTanggal lahir 20 Desember 1979 (umur 43)Tempat lahir Galway, IrlandiaTinggi 1,88 m (6 ft 2 in)Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini MillwallNomor 1Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1999–2001 Galway United 38 (0)2001–2002 Barry Town 16 (0)2002–2004 West Ham United 0 (0)2003 → Derry City (pinjaman) 4 (0)2003 → Barnet (pinjaman) 7 (0)2004 Galway United 22 (0)2005–2006 Derry City 63 (0)2006...
March Comes in Like a Lion3月のライオン(Sangatsu no Raion)GenreComing-of-age,[1] Romance[2] slice of life[3] MangaPengarangChica UminoPenerbitHakusenshaMajalahYoung AnimalDemografiSeinenTerbitJuly 13, 2007 – sekarangVolume17 (Daftar volume) Seri animeSutradaraAkiyuki Shinbo (Kepala)Kenjirō OkadaSkenarioFuyashi Tō (Komposisi)Akiyuki Shinbo (Komposisi)Yukito Kizawa (Skrip)MusikYukari HashimotoStudioShaftPelisensiNA Aniplex of AmericaUK Anime LimitedSaluranasliN...
Review of the topicThis article is missing information about people targeted based on ethnicity, political beliefs, and/or sexual orientation. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (July 2023)Further information: Responsibility for the Holocaust Part of a series onThe HolocaustJews on selection ramp at Auschwitz, May 1944 Responsibility Nazi Germany People Major perpetrators Adolf Hitler Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Müller Reinhard He...
1968 studio album by Eddy ArnoldThe Romantic World of Eddy ArnoldStudio album by Eddy ArnoldReleased1968StudioRCA Victor Studios, NashvilleGenreCountryLabelRCA VictorProducerChet AtkinsEddy Arnold chronology The Everlovin' World of Eddy Arnold(1968) The Romantic World of Eddy Arnold(1968) Walkin' in Love Land(1968) The Romantic World of Eddy Arnold is a studio album by country music singer Eddy Arnold. It was released in 1968 by RCA Victor.[1] The album debuted on Billboard ma...
British writer Tabitha SuzumaSuzuma in 2010BornTabitha Sayo Victoria Anne Suzuma (1975-02-02) February 2, 1975 (age 48)London, EnglandOccupationWriterNationalityBritishPeriod2006–presentGenreFiction, Young adult fiction, Children's literatureWebsitewww.tabithasuzuma.com Tabitha Sayo Victoria Anne Suzuma is a British writer. She was born in 1975 and lives in London. She used to work as a primary school teacher and now divides her time between writing and tutoring. She is known for her n...
Californian hot sauce brand This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Scorpion Bay Hot Sauce – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Scorpion Bay Hot SauceIndustryFood processingFounderRob BurnsHeadquartersSan Diego, California, United StatesProducts...
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Beach Boys live performances – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2018) (Learn how and w...
Iranian psychiatrist This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (October 2021) Afshin YadollahiYadollahi in 2015Born(1969-01-11)11 January 1969Esfahan, IranDied16 March 2017(2017-03-16) (aged 48)Occupations psychiatrist songwriter Afshin Yadollahi (January 11, 1969 – March 16, 2017) was an Iranian songwriter and psychiatrist.[1][2][3][4] ...
2000 novel by Philip Pullman The Amber Spyglass First editionAuthorPhilip PullmanCover artistPhilip Pullman & David ScuttCountryUnited KingdomSeriesHis Dark MaterialsGenreFantasyPublisherScholastic/David Fickling BooksPublication date10 October 2000Media typePrint (hardback and paperback)Pages518ISBN0-590-54244-3OCLC55870599Preceded byThe Subtle Knife Followed byLyra's Oxford The Amber Spyglass is the third novel in the His Dark Materials trilogy by Philip P...
Bolivian football club This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: C.D. Jorge Wilstermann – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) ...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
.svg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
