Timeline of women's suffrage in Montana

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Montana. The fight for women's suffrage in Montana started earlier, before even Montana became a state. In 1887, women gained the right to vote in school board elections and on tax issues. In the years that followed, women battled for full, equal suffrage, which culminated in a year-long campaign in 1914 when they became one of eleven states with equal voting rights for most women. Montana ratified the Nineteenth Amendment on August 2, 1919 and was the thirteenth state to ratify. Native American women voters did not have equal rights to vote until 1924.

19th century

1880s

1883

First women's suffrage speech is given in Montana by Frances Willard.^[1]

1884

Women's suffrage is proposed during the state constitutional convention by Judge W. J. Stephens of Missoula, but it is not accepted.^[2]

1887

Clara McAdow requests aid for women's suffrage organization from suffragists in the east of the United States.^[3]
March 8: Women gain the right to vote in school board elections in their own districts.^[3]^[4]

1889

Women's suffrage is proposed at the Montana State Constitutional Convention.^[5]
Petitions to the convention for women's suffrage came from Jefferson County and Madison County.^[6]

1890s

1890

Women's suffrage club formed in Helena.^[7]

1895

May: Emma Smith DeVoe comes to Montana to organize chapters of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).^[7]
September: A suffrage convention is held in Helena with Carrie Chapman Catt as the speaker.^[8]
The Montana Woman's Suffrage Association (MWSA) is formed.^[8]
A women's suffrage bill for a constitutional amendment is proposed in the State House but fails in the Senate.^[9]

1896

DeVoe returns to Montana to continue organizing clubs and getting more women interested in suffrage.^[10]
November: MWSA holds their annual convention in Butte.^[11]
November 20: Ella Knowles Haskell becomes the president of MWSA.^[4]

1897

November: MWSA holds their annual convention in Helena.^[12]
Formation of an Equal Suffrage Party.^[13]

1898

February 16: Haskell speaks at the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Conference held in Washington, D.C.^[4]
November 1: MWSA holds their annual convention in Helena with Catt as the speaker.^[14]
Suffragists ask all state legislative candidates to explain their positions on women's suffrage.^[15]

1899

A women's suffrage bill was introduced to the state legislature through the lobbying of Mary B. Atwater, but it never makes it out of committee.^[9]
October: MWSA convention is held in Helena with Catt and Mary Garrett Hay attending.^[16]

20th century

1900s

1900

Fall: Helena lobby women Republican, Democratic and Populist party conventions to include a women's suffrage plank.^[17]

1902

Carrie Chapman Catt returns to Montana and brings Gail Laughlin and Laura A. Gregg to reorganize suffrage groups.^[18]

1903

A women's suffrage amendment bill is introduced in the Montana legislature, but it doesn't pass.^[19]

1905

Another women's suffrage amendment bill is introduced in the legislature, but it again^[19] fails.

1910s

1911

Jeannette Rankin becomes the first woman to address the Montana Legislature when she speaks to the Senate on women's suffrage.^[20]
Suffragists host a women's suffrage booth at the Montana State Fair.^[21]

1912

The Montana Equal Suffrage Association (MESA) is created.^[22]
Suffragists again host a women's suffrage booth at the Montana State Fair.^[21]

1913

A women's suffrage bill passes in the Montana Legislature and is sent to the voters in 1914.^[23]
Jeannette Rankin travels from Montana to Washington, D.C. by car, collecting signatures in support of women's suffrage along the way.^[24]
October: The Montana WCTU decides to focus solely on women's suffrage for the next year.^[25]
December: WCTU paper, Woman's Voice, starts publishing again.^[25]

1914

The Suffrage Daily News is published in Helena.^[22]
January: MESA opens headquarters in Butte.^[26]
Spring: James Lees Laidlaw and Wellington D. Rankin found a Montana chapter of the National Men's Suffrage League.^[26]
May 2: Governor Sam Stewart declares "Woman's Day" on May 2.^[27] A suffrage car parade held on Last Chance Gulch in Helena.^[27]
June: Jeannette Rankin gives a speech at the meeting of the Montana Federation of Women's Clubs (MFWC) in Lewistown.^[27] MFWC came out in support of women's suffrage.^[28]
September 24: The Montana State Fair has a women's suffrage booth.^[29]^[22]
November 3: The women's suffrage amendment bill passed 41,302 to 37,588.^[29] Montana is now one of eleven states to give women the vote.^[30]

1915

January: Suffragist meeting in Helena to discuss "intelligent use of the ballot."^[31] Women change the name of their suffrage groups to the Montana Good Government Association.^[32]

1919

August 2: Montana ratifies the Nineteenth Amendment, becoming the thirteenth state to ratify.^[33]

1920s

1924

The Indian Citizenship Act is passed, providing rights for Native Americans to vote in Montana.^[5]

References

^ Larson 1973, p. 26.
^ Ward 1974, p. 14.
^ ^a ^b Larson 1973, p. 27.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Women in Montana Politics". Exhibits at the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^ ^a ^b Baumler et al. 2014, p. 4.
^ Ward 1974, p. 28.
^ ^a ^b Larson 1973, p. 30.
^ ^a ^b Larson 1973, p. 31.
^ ^a ^b Anthony 1902, p. 798.
^ Larson 1973, p. 32.
^ "The Montana Woman's suffrage as-". The Butte Miner. 1896-11-06. p. 8. Retrieved 2020-10-05 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Ward 1974, p. 63.
^ Ward 1974, p. 68.
^ "The state convention of the Montana". Great Falls Tribune. 1898-10-19. p. 3. Retrieved 2020-10-05 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Ward 1974, p. 70.
^ Ward 1974, p. 75.
^ Anthony 1902, p. 801.
^ Larson 1973, p. 34.
^ ^a ^b Harper 1922, p. 361.
^ Harper 1922, pp. 361–362.
^ ^a ^b Harper 1922, p. 362.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Suffrage Daily News (Helena, Mont.) 1914–191?". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
^ Baumler et al. 2014, p. 5.
^ "Miss Jeannette Rankin". The Missoulian. 1913-08-10. p. 12. Retrieved 2020-10-05 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b Ward 1974, p. 126.
^ ^a ^b Harper 1922, p. 363.
^ ^a ^b ^c Winestine 1974, p. 71.
^ Ward 1974, p. 137.
^ ^a ^b Winestine 1974, p. 73.
^ Ward 1974, p. 144.
^ Ward 1974, p. 150.
^ Ward 1974, p. 151.
^ Kohl, Martha (2019-08-02). "Montana History Revealed: Montana and the Nineteenth Amendment". Montana History Revealed. Retrieved 2020-10-04.

Sources

Anthony, Susan B. (1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.). The History of Woman Suffrage. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
Baumler, Ellen; Ferguson, Laura K.; Foley, Jodie; Hanshew, Annie; Jabour, Anya; Kohl, Martha; Walter, Marcella Sherfy (Summer 2014). "Women's History Matters: The Montana Historical Society's Suffrage Centennial Project". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. 64 (2): 3–20, 91–92. JSTOR 24419894.
Harper, Ida Husted (1922). The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.
Larson, T. A. (Winter 1973). "Montana Women and the Battle for the Ballot". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. 23 (1): 24–41. JSTOR 4517748.
Ward, Doris Buck (1974). The Winning of Woman Suffrage in Montana (PDF) (Master of Arts in History thesis). Montana State University.
Winestine, Belle Fligelman (Summer 1974). "Mother Was Shocked". Montana: The Magazine of Western History. 24 (3): 70–79. JSTOR 4517906.