Thomas Cadwalader

For the American general, see Thomas McCall Cadwalader.

Thomas Cadwalader
Portrait of Dr. Cadwalader, by Charles Willson Peale, 1770
Born	c. 1707 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Great Britain
Died	November 14, 1779 (aged c. 72) Trenton, New Jersey, United States
Education	Friends Public Schools Rheims University
Occupation	Physician
Spouse	Hannah Lambert ​ ​ (m. 1738)​
Children	John, Lambert, and 6 daughters
Parent(s)	John Cadwalader Martha Jones
Relatives	See Cadwalader family

Thomas Cadwalader (c. 1707 – November 14, 1779) was an American physician in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[1][2]

Early life

Cadwalader was born in Philadelphia in c. 1707. He was the only son of four children born of Martha (née Jones) Cadwalader (1679–1747) and John Cadwalader (1677–1734), who was born in Bala, Wales before coming to the Province of Pennsylvania in British America in 1697, seeking a place to practice his Quaker faith.^[3]

He was educated at the Friends Public Schools (today known as the William Penn Charter School) in Philadelphia.^[3]

Career

After studying medicine with his uncle Dr. Evan Jones, he traveled to London, where he was an understudy of English surgeon William Cheselden. In France, he likely attended lectures at Rheims University.^[4]

In 1739, he moved to Trenton, New Jersey, where he served as commissioner of the pleas and peace from 1739 to 1744 and as chief burgess of Trenton from 1746 to 1750. In 1745, his medical essay on "dry-gripes," a condition similar to colic, was published. Before he moved back to Philadelphia, he donated five hundred pounds to Trenton to erect a public library.

After returning to Philadelphia in 1750, he was elected in 1751 to the city's Common Council. He served on Pennsylvania's Provincial Council from 1755 until the Revolution. He was a founder in 1751, and one of the first doctors, at the Pennsylvania Hospital, where he worked until his death.^[2]

Dr. Cadwalader was one of the first to inoculate patients against smallpox.^[4] He was a founder and director of the Library Company of Philadelphia, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, where he served as vice president from 1769 to 1770.^[2]

Personal life

Coat of Arms of Thomas Cadwalader

In June 1738, Thomas married Hannah Lambert (1712-1786), a daughter of Thomas Lambert Jr. and Anne (née Wood) Lambert.^[3] Together they had eight children, six daughters and two sons who were both active in the American Revolutionary War:

• Anne Cadwalader, who died in infancy.
• Martha Cadwalader (1739–1791), who married Gen. John Dagworthy in 1774.^[5]
• John Cadwalader (1742–1786), who married Elizabeth Lloyd, the daughter of Edward Lloyd and sister of Edward Lloyd IV, in 1768.^[6] After her death, he married Williamina Bond, a daughter of Dr. Phineas Bond, and niece of Thomas Bond, in 1779.^[7][8]
• Lambert Cadwalader (1742–1823), who married Mary McCall, the daughter of Archibald and Judith (née Kemble) McCall.^[9]
• Mary Cadwalader (1744–1791), who married her cousin Sen. Philemon Dickinson, a younger brother of Founding Father John Dickinson.^[10]
• Rebecca Cadwalader (1746–1821), who married Sen. Philemon Dickinson, after the death of her sister Mary.^[11]
• Margaret Cadwalader (1748–1820), who married Gen. Samuel Meredith in 1772; he later became the 2nd Treasurer of the United States.^[8]
• Elizabeth Cadwalader (1754–1799), who died unmarried.

Cadwalader died on November 14, 1779, at age 72, in Trenton.^[3]

Descendants

Through his daughter Martha, he was a grandfather of Rachael Dagworthy, who married U.S. Senator William H. Wells.^[5]

Through his son Lambert, he was posthumously a grandfather of Thomas McCall Cadwalader, who married Maria Charlotte Gouverneur (the sister of Assemblyman Samuel L. Gouverneur and the niece of Elizabeth Kortright and U.S. President James Monroe).^[12]

Legacy

Cadwalader Park, in Trenton, New Jersey, was named in his family's honor. The park has an area of nearly 100 acres (0.40 km²), and was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and built starting in 1887.

References

1. Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). "Cadwalader, Thomas" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
2. Dr. Thomas Cadwalader (1707-1779) Archived 2018-04-23 at the Wayback Machine, Penn Biographies (University of Pennsylvania).
3. "Cadwalader Family Papers" (PDF). Collection 1454. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 29, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
4. Packard, Francis R. (1912). "Cadwalader, Thomas (1708–1779)". In Howard A. Kelly (ed.). A Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: W. D Saunders and Company. p. 154.
5. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 1917. p. 356. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
6. Weeks, p. 68
7. Jordan, John W. (1914). Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania biography. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 111: 720-723. John Cadwalader family history Archived 2023-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
8. Browning, Charles Henry (1891). Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is Traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings. Porter & Costes. pp. 138, 419. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
9. Stern, Mark Abbott (4 November 2015). David Franks: Colonial Merchant. Penn State Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-271-07606-5. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
10. Carpenter, Edward; Carpenter, Louis Henry (1912). Samuel Carpenter and His Descendants. private circulation. p. 260. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
11. Keith, Charles Penrose (1997). The Provincial Councillors of Pennsylvania: Who Held Office Between 1733-1776 and Those Earlier Councillors who Were Some Time Chief Magistrates of the Province, and Their Descendants. Genealogical Publishing Com. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-0-8063-1529-4. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
12. Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biography: Illustrated. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. 1914. p. 896. Archived from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2023.

Further reading

• Cadwalader, Sandra L. (1996). The Cadwaladers, 1677–1879: five generations of a Philadelphia family.
• The Cadwalader Family Papers, documenting the Cadwalader family through four generations in America, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

v t e Cadwalader family tree
John Cadwalader (1677–1734) Martha Jones (1679–1747) Thomas Cadwalader (1708–1779) Hannah Lambert Elizabeth Lloyd (1742-1776) John Cadwalader (1742–1786) Williamina Bond (1753–1837) Lambert Cadwalader (1742–1823) Mary McCall (1764–1848) Archibald McCall (1767–1843) Elizabeth Cadwalader (1774–1824) Maria Cadwalader (1776-1811) Samuel Ringgold (1770–1829) Thomas Cadwalader (1779–1841) Thomas McCall Cadwalader (1795–1873) Maria Charlotte Gouverneur (1801–1867) George Archibald McCall (1802–1868) Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846) Cadwalader Ringgold (1802–1867) John Cadwalader (1805–1879) George Cadwalader (1806–1879) John Lambert Cadwalader (1836–1914) Mary Binney Cadwalader (1829–1861) William Henry Rawle (1823–1889) Emily Cadwalader (1834–1892) Frederic Rhinelander Jones (1846–1918) Mary Cadwalader Rawle (1850–1923) Beatrix Cadwalader Jones (1872–1959) Max Farrand (1869-1945)
Notes: "Cadwalader Family Papers" (PDF). Collection 1454. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2011.