The Sweet Hereafter (film)

The Sweet Hereafter
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAtom Egoyan
Screenplay byAtom Egoyan
Based onThe Sweet Hereafter
by Russell Banks
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyPaul Sarossy
Edited bySusan Shipton
Music byMychael Danna, Toronto Consort
Production
company
Ego Film Arts
Distributed byAlliance Communications
Release dates
  • 14 May 1997 (1997-05-14) (Cannes)
  • 10 October 1997 (1997-10-10) (Canada)
Running time
112 minutes[1]
CountryCanada
LanguageEnglish
Budget$5 million[2]
Box office$3.3 million[3]

The Sweet Hereafter is a 1997 Canadian drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan, adapted from the 1991 novel by Russell Banks. It tells the story of a school bus accident in a small town that kills 14 children. Survivors and grieving parents file a class-action lawsuit. This proves divisive in the community and becomes tied with personal and family issues. The ensemble cast includes Ian Holm, Sarah Polley, Maury Chaykin, Bruce Greenwood, Tom McCamus, Gabrielle Rose, Arsinée Khanjian and Alberta Watson.

The book was set in a small upstate New York Town. The film was set in a Canadian town, and was filmed in British Columbia and Ontario. The film score had medieval music influences and references to the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

Although The Sweet Hereafter was not a box office success, it was critically acclaimed and won three awards, including the Grand Prix, at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, along with seven Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture. It also received two Academy Award nominations, for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. Toronto International Film Festival critics ranked The Sweet Hereafter as one of the top 10 Canadian films.

Plot

In the small town of Sam Dent, British Columbia, a school bus hits a patch of ice, runs through a barrier and crashes into a lake, killing 14 children. The grieving parents are approached by an out-of-town lawyer, Mitchell Stephens, who is haunted by his dysfunctional relationship with his drug-addicted daughter. Stephens persuades the reluctant parents and bus driver Dolores Driscoll to file a class-action lawsuit against the town and bus company for damages, arguing that the accident is a result of negligence in constructing the barrier or the bus.

The case depends on coaching the few surviving witnesses to say the right things in court, particularly Nicole Burnell, a 15-year-old paralyzed from the waist down as a result of the accident. Before the accident, Nicole was an aspiring musician and was being sexually abused by her father, Sam.

One bereft parent, Billy Ansel, distrusts Stephens and pressures Sam to drop the case; Nicole overhears their argument. In the pretrial deposition, Nicole unexpectedly accuses the bus driver Dolores of speeding, halting the lawsuit. Stephens and Sam know she is lying but can do nothing. Two years later, Stephens sees Dolores working as a bus driver in a city.

Cast

Production

Adaptation

Director Atom Egoyan adapted Russell Banks' novel The Sweet Hereafter and incorporated The Pied Piper of Hamelin.

The Canadian director Atom Egoyan adapted the screenplay after his wife, the actress Arsinée Khanjian, suggested he read Russell Banks' The Sweet Hereafter.[4] The novel is inspired by an incident in Alton, Texas, in 1989, in which a bus crash killed 21 students, leading to multiple lawsuits.[5] Egoyan found it challenging to acquire the rights, as they had been optioned to another studio that was not actually producing it. Shortly before the option expired, novelist Margaret Atwood suggested to Egoyan that he meet with Banks personally after the director's success with the film Exotica (1994),[6] and Banks was willing to grant him the rights. Egoyan later stated he was drawn to filming the novel because he felt film is for "confronting the most extreme things."[7] As an Armenian Canadian, he also saw the story as a metaphor for the Armenian genocide, in which those guilty had not accepted responsibility.[8]

In adapting the novel, Egoyan changed the setting from Upstate New York to British Columbia, to help secure Canadian funding.[9] He also added references to the story of The Pied Piper of Hamelin by Robert Browning, to emphasize how Egoyan saw The Sweet Hereafter as a "grim fairy tale."[10] Nicole is seen reading The Pied Piper to children who later die in the accident.[11] In that story, the Pied Piper leads all the children away, never to return, after their parents refuse to honour their debt to him. Egoyan wrote a new stanza in the Pied Piper style for the scene in which Nicole testifies Dolores was speeding, in which she describes her father's lips as "frozen as the winter moon."[12] Egoyan also made Mitchell Stephens the main character and increased the importance of Stephens' daughter, and moved the revelation of incest between the Burnells to later in the film.[10]

Filming

The film was shot in British Columbia (Merritt and Spences Bridge) and Ontario (Toronto and Stouffville),[13] on a budget of $5 million.[2] Funding came from the company Alliance Communications.[4] Egoyan assembled many Canadian actors he had worked with in prior films, including Bruce Greenwood, Gabrielle Rose and Sarah Polley.[14] Egoyan explained the benefit of working with a familiar cast, saying "When you're working on a limited production schedule, it's a comfort to know that you know the personalities involved, you know what they need as opposed to having to discover that and be surprised by that."[6]

Ian Holm was cast as Mitchell Stephens after the actor originally set to play the character, Donald Sutherland, quit the project.[15] In casting the part, Egoyan was inspired by Holm's "strangely compassionate, yet furtive and menacing" performance in The Homecoming (1973).[4] Holm explained why he accepted the role, saying, "It's not often you get offered a leading role at age 65... This is my first in a movie," and afterwards said the film is "very touching" and "a masterpiece".[16] Holm called his part challenging, as it was his first lead, but he found Egoyan and the Canadian actors to be great to work with.[17]

Music

Main article: The Sweet Hereafter (soundtrack)
Mychael Danna, left, arranged popular Canadian songs which actress Sarah Polley performed, and the two worked together to create original songs.

The Pied Piper references influenced the composer Mychael Danna's music, which uses a Persian ney flute along with old instruments such as recorders, crumhorns and lutes,[18] creating "a pseudo-medieval score"[19] which was performed by the Toronto Consort, conducted by David Fallis.[20] The score thus combined Danna's interests in old and exotic music.[21] Egoyan stated medieval-style music was used to make the film feel timeless, evoking Brothers Grimm fairy tales and avoiding the feel of a TV movie.[22]

Polley's character, Nicole, is an aspiring singer before the accident, and is seen on stage performing Jane Siberry's "One More Colour." Danna and Polley cooperated to create Nicole's music, with Polley writing lyrics to Danna's original songs and Danna arranging the adaptations of "Courage" and "One More Colour". The songs were chosen because of their domestic popularity, reinforcing the local nature of Nicole's music.[23] The Tragically Hip's original version of "Courage" also appears in the film.[24]

Release

The film debuted at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1997, and went on to play at the Toronto International Film Festival, Telluride Film Festival, New York Film Festival and Valladolid International Film Festival.[25] In Canada, the film was distributed by Alliance Communications on October 10, 1997.[26][27] Following its screening at Cannes, Fine Line Features secured rights for the film for distribution in the United States, releasing it there on November 21, 1997.[28]

In Region 1, The Sweet Hereafter was released on DVD in May 1998.[29] In Canada, the film had a Blu-ray release in June 2012, with special features, including interviews.[30]

In 2023, Telefilm Canada announced that the film was one of 23 titles that will be digitally restored under its new Canadian Cinema Reignited program to preserve classic Canadian films.[31]

Reception

Box office

By the spring of 1998, The Sweet Hereafter had grossed $1 million domestically.[26] According to The Numbers, The Sweet Hereafter grossed $4,306,697 in North America and $3,644,550 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $7,951,247.[32] Although Canadian historian George Melnyk said the film achieved "mainstream popularity",[33] another Canadian historian, Reginald C. Stuart, said that the film "aimed for, but did not reach, a mass audience."[34] Dan Webster of The Spokesman-Review concluded that "despite generally good reviews", the film "never attracted much box-office attention."[35]

The Writers Guild of Canada commented that The Sweet Hereafter and contemporary Canadian films "never succeeded in scoring a home run at the international box office."[36] Melnyk suggested Egoyan's previous film Exotica performed better at the box office than The Sweet Hereafter because of Exotica's "sexual content ... rather than the early film's artistic merit."[33]

Critical reception

Ian Holm received critical praise for his performance in the film and won the Genie Award for Best Actor.

The film holds a 98% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.90/10 based on 59 reviews, and a 100% rating from 21 "Top Critic" reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Director Atom Egoyan examines tragedy and its aftermath with intelligence and empathy."[37] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 91 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[38] In 2002, readers of Playback voted it the greatest Canadian film ever made.[39] In 2004, the Toronto International Film Festival ranked it third in the Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time, tied with Goin' Down the Road,[40] and in 2015, it was the sole film in the third spot.[41]

Roger Ebert gave the film four stars, calling it "one of the best films of the year, an unflinching lament for the human condition."[42] Janet Maslin, writing for The New York Times, said "this fusion of Mr. Banks's and Mr. Egoyan's sensibilities stands as a particularly inspired mix", with Sarah Polley and Bruce Greenwood "particularly good here".[43] Brendan Kelly of Variety praised The Sweet Hereafter as "Egoyan's most ambitious work to date", and as "a rich, complex meditation on the impact of a terrible tragedy on a small town", adding Polley and Tom McCamus are "excellent".[44]

Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A, saying it "puts you in a rapturous emotional daze", and calling it a "hymn to the agony of loss" and "a new kind of mystical fairy tale, one that seeks to uncover the forces holding the world together, even as they tear it apart."[45] Paul Tatara of CNN called The Sweet Hereafter "devastating" and wrote Ian Holm gives "the performance of his hugely impressive career."[46] David Denby of New York magazine said that the film had "Ian Holm's greatest role in the movies" and the cast are "all excellent".[47] The film made over 250 critics' Top 10 lists for the best films of 1997.[25]

In 2001, an industry poll conducted by Playback named it the best Canadian film of the preceding 15 years.[48]

In 2004, Slovenian critic Slavoj Žižek called The Sweet Hereafter "arguably the film about the impact of trauma on a community."[49] That year, The New York Times also included the film on its list of "the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made".[50] In 2011, British director Clio Barnard praised the "real depth" and "healthy ambiguity" of the story and described Holm and Polley as "brilliant", giving "powerful, subtle performances".[51] One year later, The A.V. Club named The Sweet Hereafter the 22nd best film of the 1990s, praising it as a "masterpiece of adaptation".[52]

Accolades

The Sweet Hereafter won three awards at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival: the FIPRESCI Prize, the Grand Prize of the Jury, and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury.[53] This was the highest honour won at Cannes for a Canadian film and made Egoyan the first Canadian to win the Grand Prix, followed by Xavier Dolan with It's Only the End of the World in 2016.[54][55]

The Sweet Hereafter also won Best Motion Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Actor for Holm, and three other prizes, at the 18th Genie Awards. It was nominated for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay at the 70th Academy Awards, but lost to Titanic and L.A. Confidential, respectively.[56]

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref(s)
Academy Awards 23 March 1998 Best Director Atom Egoyan Nominated [56]
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated
Atlantic Film Festival 19–27 September 1997 Best Canadian Film or Video Over 60 Minutes Won[a] [57]
Boston Society of Film Critics 14 December 1997 Best Supporting Actress Sarah Polley Won [58]
Canadian Society of Cinematographers Awards 29 March 1998 Best Cinematography in Theatrical Feature Paul Sarossy Won [59]
Cannes Film Festival 7–18 May 1997 Grand Prize of the Jury Atom Egoyan Won [53]
FIPRESCI Prize Won
Prize of the Ecumenical Jury Won
Chicago Film Critics Association 1 March 1998 Best Film Nominated [60]
Best Director Nominated
Best Screenplay Nominated
Best Original Score Mychael Danna Nominated
Best Actor Ian Holm Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Sarah Polley Nominated
Most Promising Actress Nominated
Genie Awards 14 December 1997 Best Motion Picture Atom Egoyan and Camelia Frieberg Won [61][57]
Best Direction Atom Egoyan Won
Best Actor Ian Holm Won
Best Actress Sarah Polley Nominated
Gabrielle Rose Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Tom McCamus Nominated
Best Screenplay Atom Egoyan Nominated
Best Art Direction Phillip Barker and Patricia Cuccia Nominated
Best Cinematography Paul Sarossy Won
Best Costume Design Beth Pasternak Nominated
Best Editing Susan Shipton Nominated
Best Sound Daniel Pellerin, Keith Elliott, Peter Kelly and Ross Redfern Won
Best Sound Editing Steve Munro, Sue Conley, Goro Koyama, Andy Malcolm and David Drainie Taylor Won
Best Original Score Mychael Danna Won
Best Original Song "The Sweet Hereafter", Mychael Danna and Sarah Polley Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards 21 March 1998 Best Foreign Film Atom Egoyan Won [62]
Los Angeles Film Critics Association December 1997 Best Picture Runner-up [63]
Best Director Runner-up
Best Cinematography Paul Sarossy Runner-up
National Board of Review 9 February 1998 Best Acting by an Ensemble Cast Won [57]
Top Ten Films Atom Egoyan Won
New York Film Critics Circle 4 January 1998 Best Film Runner-up [64]
Best Director Runner-up
Best Actor Ian Holm Runner-up
Society of Texas Film Critics 29 December 1997 Best Film Atom Egoyan Won [65]
Toronto Film Critics Association 13 January 1998 Best Film Won [66]
Best Director Won
Best Canadian Film Won
Best Actor Ian Holm Won
Best Actress Sarah Polley Runner-up
Toronto International Film Festival 4–13 September 1997 Best Canadian Feature Film Atom Egoyan Won[a] [57]
Writers Guild of Canada 1997 WGC Award Won [57]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Tied with The Hanging Garden

References

  1. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997)". IMDb.
  2. ^ a b Kaufman, Anthony (21 November 1997). "An Interview with Atom Egoyan, Director of 'The Sweet Hereafter,' Part I". IndieWire. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  3. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  4. ^ a b c Macnab, Geoffrey (18 September 1997). "Film interview: The inscrutable in pursuit of the unspeakable". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  5. ^ Robbennolt & Hans 2016, p. 8.
  6. ^ a b Kaufman, Anthony (24 November 1997). "An Interview with Atom Egoyan, Director of 'The Sweet Hereafter,' Part II". IndieWire. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. ^ Wilson 2009, p. 89.
  8. ^ Hutchison 2004, p. 146.
  9. ^ Cardullo 2004, p. 41.
  10. ^ a b Pulver, Andrew (14 May 2005). "Grim fairytale". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  11. ^ Cardullo 2004, p. 45.
  12. ^ Wilson 2009, p. 101.
  13. ^ Rist 2001, p. 218.
  14. ^ Cardullo 2004, p. 50.
  15. ^ Mell 2005, p. 234.
  16. ^ Kirkland, Bruce (15 October 1997). "Ian Holm sweet on Hereafter". Canoe.ca. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  17. ^ "'Every inch a king': A Talk with Sir Ian Holm". Masterpiece Theatre. 1998. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  18. ^ Mera 2007, p. 37.
  19. ^ Mera 2007, p. 36.
  20. ^ Whitesell, Lloyd (Summer 2011). "Musical Eclecticism and Ambiguity in The Sweet Hereafter". American Music. 29 (2). University of Illinois Press: 245. doi:10.5406/americanmusic.29.2.0229. S2CID 192566992.
  21. ^ Mera 2007, p. 38.
  22. ^ Wood 2006, p. 59.
  23. ^ Mera 2007, p. 41.
  24. ^ Mera 2007, p. 42.
  25. ^ a b Burwell & Tschofen 2007, p. 368.
  26. ^ a b Wise, Wyndham (Spring 1998). "Editorial". Take One. Vol. 6, no. 9.
  27. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997)". The Numbers. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  28. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997)". The Numbers. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  29. ^ "Sweet Hereafter, The". IGN. 12 December 2018.
  30. ^ Monk, Katherine (18 June 2012). "New on DVD, Blu-ray: Exotica among highlights of week's releases". The Gazette. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  31. ^ Pat Mullen, "Oscar Winning Doc Leads List of Restored Canadian Classics". Point of View, May 9, 2023.
  32. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997)". The Numbers. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  33. ^ a b Melnyk 2004, p. 160.
  34. ^ Stuart 2007, p. 59.
  35. ^ Webster, Dan (29 May 1998). "'Sweet Hereafter' studies town coping with deaths of children". The Spokesman-Review. p. 3.
  36. ^ Pryke & Soderlund 2003, p. 439.
  37. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter (1997)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  38. ^ "The Sweet Hereafter Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  39. ^ Dillon, Mark (2 September 2002). "Egoyan tops Canada's all-time best movies list". Playback. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  40. ^ Gravestock, Steve. "Essay". Toronto International Film Festival. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  41. ^ "Atanarjuat voted No. 1 Canadian film of all time". CBC News. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  42. ^ Ebert, Roger (23 December 1997). "The Sweet Hereafter". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  43. ^ Maslin, Janet (3 October 1997). "FILM FESTIVAL REVIEW; A Town Bereft, Limping Into the Future". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  44. ^ Kelly, Brendan (16 May 1997). "Review: 'The Sweet Hereafter'". Variety. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  45. ^ Gleiberman, Owen (28 November 1997). "The Sweet Hereafter". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  46. ^ Tatara, Paul (15 December 1997). "Review: Vengeance in a town full of grief in 'The Sweet Hereafter'". CNN. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  47. ^ Denby, David (24 November 1997). "From Here to Eternity". New York. pp. 68, 70.
  48. ^ Michael Posner, "Egoyan tops film poll". The Globe and Mail, November 25, 2001.
  49. ^ Bullard 2013, p. 26.
  50. ^ The Film Critics (2004). "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  51. ^ Lee, Marc (18 May 2011). "Clio Barnard on The Sweet Hereafter". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  52. ^ Adams, Sam; D'Angelo, Mike; Murray, Noel; Phipps, Keith; Rabin, Nathan; Robinson, Tasha; Tobias, Scott; Willmore, Alison (9 October 2012). "The 50 best films of the '90s". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  53. ^ a b "Festival de Cannes: The Sweet Hereafter". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  54. ^ Howell, Peter (22 May 2016). "Canada's Xavier Dolan wins Grand Prix at Cannes for It's Only the End of the World | Toronto Star". Toronto Star. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  55. ^ Humphreys, David (26 May 2014). "Atom Egoyan On 1997 Cannes Victory: 'I Still Think It Was A Fluke'". ET Canada. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  56. ^ a b "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  57. ^ a b c d e "The Sweet Hereafter". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  58. ^ "Past Award Winners". Boston Society of Film Critics. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  59. ^ Hoffman, Andy (6 April 1998). "Sarossy snags CSC award for Hereafter". Playback. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  60. ^ "Chicago Film Critics Announce Absolut Nominees for the 10th Annual Chicago Film Critics Awards at Planet Hollywood Chicago". PR Newswire. 13 January 1998. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  61. ^ Playback Staff (17 November 1997). "The 1997 Genie Awards". Playback. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  62. ^ Cunha, Tom (22 March 1998). "The 1998 Independent Spirit Awards: Reactions and Responses..." IndieWire. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  63. ^ Kronke, David (14 December 1997). "'L.A. Confidential' Gets L.A. Critics' Top Award". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  64. ^ Maslin, Janet (12 December 1997). "'L.A. Confidential' Wins Critics Circle Award". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  65. ^ "Texas Critics Honor 'The Sweet Hereafter' as Best Picture". IndieWire. 5 January 1998. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  66. ^ "Past Award Winners". Toronto Film Critics Association. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

Bibliography

  • Bullard, Rob (2013). "Trauma and the Technological Accident in Atom Egoyan's The Sweet Hereafter". Dramatising Disaster: Character, Event, Representation. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1443846486.
  • Burwell, Jennifer; Tschofen, Monique, eds. (2007). Image and Territory: Essays on Atom Egoyan. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-0889204874.
  • Cardullo, Bert (2004). In Search of Cinema: Writings on International Film Art. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0773527079.
  • Hutchison, David (2004). "Atom Egoyan: The Sweet Hereafter". Where are the Voices Coming From?: Canadian Culture and the Legacies of History. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. ISBN 904201623X.
  • Mell, Eila (2005). Casting Might-Have-Beens: A Film by Film Directory of Actors Considered for Roles Given to Others. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland & Company Publishers. ISBN 1476609764.
  • Melnyk, George (2004). One Hundred Years of Canadian Cinema. Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802084443.
  • Mera, Miguel (2007). Mychael Danna's The Ice Storm: A Film Score Guide. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1461701569.
  • Pryke, Kenneth G.; Soderlund, Walter C. (2003). Profiles of Canada (3rd ed.). Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc. ISBN 1551302268.
  • Rist, Peter Harry, ed. (2001). Guide to the Cinema(s) of Canada. Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313299315.
  • Robbennolt, Jennifer K.; Hans, Valerie P. (2016). The Psychology of Tort Law. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814724804.
  • Stuart, Reginald C. (2007). Dispersed Relations: Americans and Canadians in Upper North America. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801887857.
  • Wilson, Emma (2009). Atom Egoyan. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252076206.
  • Wood, Jason (2006). Talking Movies: Contemporary World Filmmakers in Interview. London and New York: Wallflower Press. ISBN 1904764908.

Read other articles:

Niilo Ryhtä

Niilo Ryhtä im Jahr 1976. Niilo Mikael Ryhtä, geboren Knuutila (* 26. September 1906 in Tammela; † 10. August 1995 in Tampere), war ein finnischer Politiker des Landbundes ML (Maalaisliitto) sowie der 1965 daraus hervorgegangen Zentrumspartei KES (Suomen Keskusta), der unter anderem 1963 sowie zwischen 1964 und 1966 Innenminister Finnlands war. Er war ferner von 1967 bis 1973 Gouverneur der Provinz Oulo. Leben Ryhtä, Sohn des Landwirts Aleksanteri Knuutila und dessen Ehefrau Sofia Nikula...

 

جون ميلر (صحفي)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع جون ميلر (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) جون ميلر   معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1958 (العمر 64–65 سنة)  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  أقرباء آرثر ألتشول (حمو)س...

 

Berta Bonastre

Berta Bonastre Persoonlijke informatie Volledige naam Berta Bonastre Peremateu Geboortedatum 3 juni 1992 Geboorteplaats Matadepera Nationaliteit Spaanse Sportieve informatie Discipline Hockey Seizoen Club ?-20122012-20162016-20192019-20222022-heden Club Deportiu Terrassa Atlètic Terrassa Royal Wellington Braxgata Club Egara Gantoise Olympische Spelen 2016 Portaal    Sport Berta Bonastre Peremateu (Matadepera, 3 juni 1992) is een Spaans hockeyster. Levensloop Bonastre genoot haar je...

Marcello Abbado

Marcello Abbado Marcello Abbado (Milaan, 7 oktober 1926 - 4 juni 2020) was een Italiaanse componist, dirigent en pianist. Hij componeerde werken voor orkest, een ballet, vele solopianostukken en ook kamermuziek. Hij heeft een aantal werken samen met Roberto Goitre gemaakt. Abbado was een zoon van violist Michelangelo Abbado, broer van dirigent Claudio Abbado en vader van dirigent Roberto Abbado. Hij studeerde piano bij Gianandrea Gavazzeni en aan het Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi van Milaan. N...

 

Sir Józef Rotblat

Józef (or Joseph) Rotblat KCMG CBE FRSID badge photo from Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1944.Lahir(1908-11-04)4 November 1908Warsaw, PolandMeninggal31 Agustus 2005(2005-08-31) (umur 96)London, United KingdomTempat tinggalPoland until 1938, United Kingdom afterwardsKebangsaanPolishAlmamaterFree University of PolandUniversity of WarsawUniversity of LiverpoolDikenal atasMedical physics Campaigning for the peaceful use of nuclear technologySuami/istriTola RotblatPenghargaanAlbert Einstein...

 

استوديوهات مارفل: المجمعة (مسلسل وثائقي)

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2022) إستوديوهات مارفل: المُجمَعة بالإنجليزية: Marvel Studios: Assembled النوع أنثولوجية وثائقي الأبطال الخارقين البلد  الولايات المتحدة لغة العمل اللغة الانجليزية عدد ا...

Central University of Venezuela

Venezuelan public university This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Central University of Venezuela – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Central University of VenezuelaUniversidad Central de VenezuelaMottoLa Casa que Vence la ...

 

الاعتراف القانوني بلغات الإشارة

يختلف الاعتراف القانوني بلغات الإشارة على نطاق واسع. في بعض البلدان، تكون لغة الإشارة الوطنية لغة رسمية للدولة، بينما تتمتع في بلدان أخرى بوضع محمي في مجالات معينة مثل التعليم. يمثل توسيع الاعتراف القانوني أحد الشواغل الرئيسية لمجتمع الصم الدولي، ومع ذلك، فإن الاعتراف ال...

 

Meeresnaturpark Estuaires Picards et Mer d’Opale

Lageplan des Naturparks 3 große Ästuare münden in den Ärmelkanal: Somme, Authie und Canche (von oben nach unten) Der Meeresnaturpark Estuaires Picards et Mer d’Opale (fr: Parc naturel marin des estuaires picards et de la mer d’Opale) liegt vor der französischen Küste des Ärmelkanals. Das Meeresgebiet grenzt an die Département Pas-de-Calais und Somme in der Region Hauts-de-France. Ganz im Süden gehört ein kleiner Abschnitt schon zum Département Seine-Maritime in der Region Norma...

Glucocorticoid receptor

Receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind NR3C1Available structuresPDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes1M2Z, 1NHZ, 1P93, 3BQD, 3CLD, 3E7C, 3H52, 3K22, 3K23, 4CSJ, 4HN5, 4HN6, 4LSJ, 4MDD, 4P6W, 4P6X, 5CBY, 5CBX, 4UDC, 4UDD, 5CBZ, 5CC1, 5EMQ, 5EMC, 5EMPIdentifiersAliasesNR3C1, GCCR, GCR, GCRST, GR, GRL, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1, Glucocorticoid ReceptorExternal IDsOMIM: 138040 MGI: 95824 HomoloGene: 30960 GeneCards: NR3C1 Gene location (Human)Ch...

 

Putrajaya Botanical Garden

Botanical garden in Putrajaya, Malaysia Putrajaya Botanical GardenTaman Botani PutrajayaTypebotanical gardenLocationPresint 1, Putrajaya, MalaysiaCoordinates2°56′51.0″N 101°41′47.3″E / 2.947500°N 101.696472°E / 2.947500; 101.696472Opening31 August 2001ParkingYes Putrajaya Botanical Garden (Malay: Taman Botani Putrajaya) is a botanical garden in Presint 1, Putrajaya, Malaysia. It was opened on 31 August 2001 and spans over an area of 93 hectares. The garden ...

 

Dragon Fist

This article is about the film starring Jackie Chan. For other uses, see Dragon Fist (disambiguation). 1979 Hong Kong filmDragon FistTheatrical posterDirected byLo WeiWritten byWang Chung-pinProduced byHsu Li-hwaLo WeiStarringJackie ChanNora MiaoJames TienYen Shi KwanEagle Han-yingWu Wen-sauCinematographyChen Yung-hsuEdited byLeung Wing-chanMusic byFrankie ChanDistributed byLo Wei Motion Picture CompanyRelease date 21 April 1979 (1979-04-21) Running time93 minutes[1]Cou...

Hum TV

Pakistani Television channel Television channel Hum TV HD (Pakistan) ہمHum TV logo since January 2013CountryPakistanBroadcast areaAsiaMiddle EastAmericasEuropeHeadquartersKarachi, Sindh, PakistanProgrammingLanguage(s)Urdu EnglishPicture format4:3 480p (2005–2018)16:9 1080p, HDTV (2018–present)2160p, 4KTV (2018–present)OwnershipOwnerHum Network LimitedKey peopleSultana Siddiqui (President)Sister channelsHum MasalaHum SitarayHum NewsHum EuropeHum PashtoHistoryLaunched17 January 200...

 

Araguari River (Minas Gerais)

River in BrazilAraguari RiverLocation of mouthLocationCountryBrazilPhysical characteristicsSource  • locationMinas Gerais state Mouth  • locationParanaíba River The Araguari River (Portuguese, Rio Araguari[1] also called Rio das Velhas[2]) is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paranaíba River, which it joins in the reservoir created by Itumbiara Dam. See also Tributaries of the Río de...

 

La construcción de la realidad social

La construcción de la realidad social de John SearleGénero Filosofía de la mente y ciencia cognitiva Edición original en inglésTítulo original The Construction of Social RealityEditorial Simon and SchusterFecha de publicación 1995Páginas 241Edición traducida al españolTítulo La construcción de la realidad socialEditorial Ediciones Paidós IbéricaFecha de publicación 1997[editar datos en Wikidata] La construcción de la realidad social (en inglés, The Construction...

Crumlin GAA

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Crumlin GAA – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) CrumlinCroimghlinnFounded:1970County:DublinNickname:The ParishColours:Royal Blue & WhiteGrounds:Pearse ParkCoordinates:53°19′23...

 

Christmas Stuff

2014 studio album by Nathan CarterChristmas StuffStudio album by Nathan CarterReleased8 December 2014Recorded2014GenreCountryLabelDecca RecordsNathan Carter chronology The Wagon Wheel Show – Live(2014) Christmas Stuff(2014) Beautiful Life(2015) Nathan Carter studio album chronology Where I Wanna Be(2013) Christmas Stuff(2014) Beautiful Life(2015) Christmas Stuff is the sixth studio album by English-Irish country singer Nathan Carter. It was released in Ireland on 8 December 2014 by ...

 

Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television

Canadian non-profit organization Academy of Canadian Cinema & TelevisionAbbreviationCanadian Academy[1]Formation1979; 44 years ago (1979)TypeFilm organizationHeadquartersToronto, Ontario, CanadaMembership 4000Websitewww.academy.ca The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television is a Canadian non-profit organization created in 1979 to recognize the achievements of the over 4,000 Canadian film industry and television industry professionals, most notably through the...

Sinangag

Filipino fried rice dish Not to be confused with Sinigang. SinangagAlternative namesGarlic fried rice, garlic rice, Filipino fried rice, Philippine fried riceCourseMain course (Breakfast)Place of originPhilippinesRegion or statePhilippines, also popular in Indonesia, Malaysia and SingaporeCreated byFilipino cuisineMain ingredientsFried rice in oil with a lot of garlicVariationsAligue rice, Bagoong fried rice  Media: Sinangag Sinangag (Tagalog pronunciation: [sinɐˈŋag]), al...

 

Larry Ellison

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento biografie è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Commento: Da inserire tutte le fonti per i fatti riportati in BIOGRAFIA e CARRIERA Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i sugg...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!