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Tetrablemma
	T. ziyaoensis, male
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Tetrablemmidae
Genus:	Tetrablemma; O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Indonops;

Tetrablemma is a widespread genus of armored spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873.^[3] It contains 30 species found in tropical and subtropical regions primarily throughout Asia and Oceania, with one species, Tetrablemma rhinoceros, known from Angola.^[4]^[5] They are found in leaf litter, soil, and caves.

The genus contains some of the only species of spiders to have just four eyes along with some species of Caponiidae, to which they are not closely related.^[6]^[7] The eyes are large and unequal in size, closely grouped around the center of the cephalothorax, with the eye group tending to be set further back in males. The genus contains some variation in eye arrangement, as Tetrablemma alaus, a subterranean species, lacks eyes or any eye spots entirely.^[8] They have four closely positioned spinnerets enclosed in a corneous casing.^[3]

Lehtinen divided the genus into three subgenera in 1981: Kumaonia, Indonops, and Tetrablemma, although this subgeneric arrangement is not always followed by subsequent authors.^[9]

Species

As of November 2024^[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:^[1]

Tetrablemma alaus Burger, Harvey & Stevens, 2010 – Australia (Western Australia)
Tetrablemma alterum Roewer, 1963 – Micronesia
Tetrablemma benoiti (Brignoli, 1978) – Seychelles
Tetrablemma brevidens Tong & Li, 2008 – China
Tetrablemma brignolii Lehtinen, 1981 – India
Tetrablemma deccanense (Tikader, 1976) – India
Tetrablemma extorre Shear, 1978 – Trinidad
Tetrablemma gongshan Lin, 2021 – China
Tetrablemma helenense Benoit, 1977 – St. Helena
Tetrablemma kepense Lin, Li & Jäger, 2018 – Cambodia
Tetrablemma loebli Bourne, 1980 – India
Tetrablemma magister Burger, 2008 – Australia (Queensland)
Tetrablemma manggarai Lehtinen, 1981 – Indonesia (Flores)
Tetrablemma marawula Lehtinen, 1981 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Tetrablemma mardionoi Lehtinen, 1981 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
Tetrablemma medioculatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 (type species) – Sri Lanka
Tetrablemma menglaense Lin & Li, 2014 – China
Tetrablemma mochima Martínez, Flórez-Daza & Brescovit, 2020 – Venezuela
Tetrablemma namkhan Lin, Li & Jäger, 2012 – Laos
Tetrablemma nandan Lin & Li, 2010 – China
Tetrablemma okei Butler, 1932 – Australia (Victoria)
Tetrablemma phulchoki Lehtinen, 1981 – Nepal
Tetrablemma rhinoceros (Brignoli, 1974) – Angola
Tetrablemma samoense Marples, 1964 – Samoa
Tetrablemma sokense Lin, Li & Jäger, 2018 – Cambodia
Tetrablemma tatacoa Martínez, Flórez-Daza & Brescovit, 2020 – Colombia
Tetrablemma thamin Labarque & Grismado, 2009 – Myanmar
Tetrablemma viduum (Brignoli, 1974) – Angola
Tetrablemma vietnamense Lehtinen, 1981 – Vietnam
Tetrablemma ziyaoense Lin & Li, 2014 – China

References

^ ^a ^b "Gen. Tetrablemma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2019-04-13
^ Brignoli, P. M. (1976). "On some recent papers about Indian spiders". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 3 (8): 211–213.
^ ^a ^b Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1873). "On some new genera and species of Araneida". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 41 (1): 112–129.
^ Etter, Andres; McAlpine, Clive; Possingham, Hugh (5 February 2008). "Historical Patterns and Drivers of Landscape Change in Colombia Since 1500: A Regionalized Spatial Approach". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 98 (1): 2–23. doi:10.1080/00045600701733911. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). "Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 162: 20.
^ Shear, William A. (1978). Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae. American Museum of Natural History.
^ Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Goloboff, Pablo A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Prendini, Lorenzo; Ramírez, Martín J.; Sierwald, Petra; Almeida-Silva, Lina; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Benavides Silva, Ligia R.; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Bond, Jason E.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Hasan, Emile; Hedin, Marshal; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Ledford, Joel; Lopardo, Lara; Maddison, Wayne P.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Platnick, Norman I.; Polotow, Daniele; Silva-Dávila, Diana; Scharff, Nikolaj; Szűts, Tamás; Ubick, Darrell; Vink, Cor J.; Wood, Hannah M.; Zhang, Junxia (December 2017). "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling". Cladistics. 33 (6): 574–616. doi:10.1111/cla.12182. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ Burger, Matthias; Harvey, Mark S.; Stevens, Nicholas (April 2010). "A new species of blind subterranean Tetrablemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae) from Australia". Journal of Arachnology. 38 (1): 146–149. doi:10.1636/A09-73.1. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
^ Lehtinen, P. T. (1981). "Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. III. Tetrablemmidae, with a world revision". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 162: 57.