Tencent QQ

"QQ" redirects here. For other uses, see QQ (disambiguation).
QQ
Developer(s)Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd.
Initial releaseFebruary 10, 1999; 25 years ago (1999-02-10)
Stable release(s) [±]
iOS, iPadOS, watchOS9.1.2[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 28 November 2024; 21 days ago (28 November 2024)
Android9.1.20[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 27 November 2024; 22 days ago (27 November 2024)
Windows9.9.16[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 12 November 2024; 37 days ago (12 November 2024)
Linux3.2.13[4] Edit this on Wikidata / 12 November 2024; 37 days ago (12 November 2024)
macOS6.9.61[5] Edit this on Wikidata / 21 November 2024; 28 days ago (21 November 2024)
Operating systemCross-platform
Available inSimplified Chinese
TypeInstant messaging
LicenseProprietary
Websiteim.qq.com

Tencent QQ (Chinese: 腾讯QQ), also known as QQ, is an instant messaging software service and web portal developed by the Chinese technology company Tencent. QQ offers services that provide online social games, music, shopping, microblogging, movies, and group and voice chat software. As of March 2023, there were 597 million monthly active QQ accounts.[6]

History

Tencent QQ was first released in China in February 1999 under the name of OICQ ("Open ICQ", a reference to the early IM service ICQ).[7][8][9][10]

After the threat of a trademark infringement lawsuit by the AOL-owned ICQ, the product's name was changed to QQ[8][9][10] (with "Q" and "QQ" used to imply "cute").[7][10] The software inherited existing functions from ICQ, and additional features such as software skins, people's images, and emoticons.[citation needed] QQ was first released as a "network paging" real-time communications service. Other features were later added, such as chatrooms, games, personal avatars (similar to "Meego" in MSN), online storage, and Internet dating services.

The official client runs on Microsoft Windows and a beta public version was launched for Mac OS X version 10.4.9 or newer.[11] Formerly, two web versions, WebQQ (full version) and WebQQ Mini (Lite version), which made use of Ajax, were available.[12][13] Development, support, and availability of WebQQ Mini, however, has since been discontinued. On 31 July 2008, Tencent released an official client for Linux,[14] but this has not been made compatible with the Windows version and it is not capable of voice chat.

In response to competition with other instant messengers, such as Windows Live Messenger, Tencent released Tencent Messenger, which is aimed at businesses.

Membership

In 2002, Tencent stopped its free membership registration, requiring all new members to pay a fee. In 2003, however, this decision was reversed due to pressure from other instant messaging services such as Windows Live Messenger and Sina UC. Tencent currently offers a premium membership scheme, where premium members enjoy features such as QQ mobile, ringtone downloads, and SMS sending/receiving. In addition, Tencent offers "Diamond" level memberships. Currently, there are seven diamond schemes available:

  • Red for the QQ Show service which features some superficial abilities such as having a colored account name.
  • Yellow to obtain extra storage and decorations in Qzone—a blog service.
  • Blue to obtain special abilities in the game-plays of QQ games.
  • Purple for obtaining special abilities in games including QQ Speed, QQ Nana, and QQ Tang
  • Pink for having different boosts in the pet-raising game called QQ Pet.
  • Green for using QQ music—a service for users to stream music online.
  • VIP for having extra features in the chat client such as removing advertisements
  • Black for gaining benefits related to DNF (Dungeon & Fighter), a multiplayer PC beat 'em up video game.

QQ Coin

The QQ Coin is a virtual currency used by QQ users to "purchase" QQ related items for their avatar and blog. QQ Coins are obtained either by purchase (one coin for one RMB) or by using the mobile phone service. Due to the popularity of QQ among young people in China, QQ Coins are accepted by online vendors in exchange for "real" merchandise such as small gifts.[15] This has raised concerns of replacing (and thus "inflating") real currency in these transactions.

The People's Bank of China, China's central bank, tried to crack down on QQ Coins due to people using QQ Coins in exchange for real world goods.[16][17] However, this only caused the value of QQ coins to rise as more and more third-party vendors started to accept them.[18] Tencent claims the QQ Coin is a mere regular commodity, and is, therefore, not a currency.[19]

Q Zone

Main article: Q Zone

Qzone is a social networking website based in China which was created by Tencent in 2005.[20] Q Zone is a personal blog for QQ users. It can be set as a public page or a private friend-only page. Users can upload diaries and share photos.

QQ International

Windows

In 2009, QQ began to expand its services internationally with its QQ International client for Windows distributed through a dedicated English-language portal.[21]

QQ International offers non-Mandarin speakers the opportunity to use most of the features of its Chinese counterpart to get in touch with other QQ users via chat, VoIP, and video calls, and it provides a non-Mandarin interface to access Qzone, Tencent's social network. The client supports English, French, Spanish, German, Korean, Japanese and Traditional Chinese.

One of the main features of QQ International is the optional and automatic machine translation in all chats.

Android

An Android version of QQ International was released in September 2013.[22] The client's interface is in English, French, Spanish, German, Korean, Japanese and Traditional Chinese. In addition to text messaging, users can send each other images, videos, and audio media messages. Moreover, users can share multimedia content with all contacts through the client's Qzone interface.

The live translation feature is available for all incoming messages and supports up to 18 languages.

iOS

QQ International for iPhone and iOS devices was released at the end of 2013,[23] fully equivalent to its Android counterpart.

Partnerships

In India, Tencent has partnered with ibibo[24] to bring services such as chat, mail and game to the developing Indian internet sphere.

In Vietnam, Tencent has struck a deal with VinaGame[25] to bring the QQ Casual Gaming portal as well as the QQ Messenger as an addition to the already thriving Vietnamese gaming communities.

In the United States, Tencent has partnered with AOL to bring QQ Games as a contender in the US social gaming market. Launched in 2007,[26] QQ Games came bundled with the AIM installer, and competed with AOL's own games.com to provide a gaming experience for the AIM user base.

Web QQ

Tencent launched its web-based QQ formally on 15 September 2009, the latest version of which being 3.0. Rather than solely a web-based IM, WebQQ 3.0 functions more like its own operating system, with a desktop in which web applications can be added.

Social network website

In 2009, Tencent launched Xiaoyou (校友, 'schoolmate'), its first social network website. In mid-2010, Tencent changed direction and replaced Xiaoyou with Pengyou (朋友, 'friends'), trying to establish a more widespread network, to which extant QQ users could be easily redirected, hence giving Pengyou a major advantage over its competitors.[27] Tencent's social network Qzone is linked to in the International and native versions of QQ.

Open source and cross-platform clients

Using reverse engineering, open source communities have come to understand the QQ protocol better and have attempted to implement client core libraries compatible with more user-friendly clients, free of advertisements. Most of these clients are cross-platform, so they are usable on operating systems which the official client does not support. However, these implementations had only a subset of functions of the official client and therefore were limited in features. Furthermore, QQ's parent company, Tencent, has over successive versions modified the QQ protocol to the extent that it can no longer be supported by most, and perhaps any, of the third-party implementations that were successful in the past (some of which are listed below). As of 2009, none of the developers of third-party clients have publicized any plans to restore QQ support.

Merchandise

Tencent has taken advantage of the popularity of the QQ brand and has set up many Q-Gen stores selling QQ branded merchandise such as bags, watches, clothing as well as toy penguins.

  • The accounts of QQ are purely a combination of numbers. The account numbers provided for the registered users are selected randomly by the system user registration. In 1995, the registered QQ accounts had only 5 digits, while currently, the digital numbers used for QQ accounts has reached 12. The first QQ number is held by Ma Huateng and his account number is 10001.
  • Membership to a QQ account usually lasts one month. When this membership is overdue and not renewed, the membership of the account will be suspended.
  • In relation to calculating "QQ Age", being logged in for 2 full hours would be considered as one full day. Thus, being logged in to QQ for around 700 hours would make the age increase by 1 year. In the 2012 version of QQ, users can see the age on the personal information page.
  • In 2004, Tencent launched QQ hierarchy which shows the level of a registered member. At the very beginning, this hierarchy was solely based on the hours a member spent in QQ. Hence, the longer the member stayed, the higher level they can attain. These results, however, were criticized as people tend to waste electrical energy due to longer hours of stay on the site. Therefore, Tencent changed the basis from an hour unit to a daily unit due to the involvement of several departments.

Controversies and criticisms

Coral QQ

Coral QQ, a modification of Tencent QQ, is another add-on for the software, providing free access to some of the services and blocking Tencent's advertisements. In 2006, Tencent filed a copyright lawsuit against Chen Shoufu (aka Soft), the author of Coral QQ, after his distribution of a modified Tencent QQ was ruled illegal. Chen then published his modification as a separate add-on. On 16 August 2007, Chen was detained again for allegedly making profits off of his ad-blocking add-on.[30] The case resulted in a three-year prison sentence for Shoufu.[31]

Dispute with Qihoo 360

Main article: 360 v. Tencent

In 2010, Chinese anti-virus company, Qihoo 360, analyzed the QQ protocol and accused QQ of automatically scanning users' computers and uploading their personal information to QQ's servers without the users' consent. In response, Tencent called 360 a malware and denied users of installing 360 access to some of the QQ's services. The Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information reprimanded both companies for "improper competition" and ordered them to come to an agreement.[32]

Government surveillance

Some observers have criticized QQ's compliance in the Chinese government's Internet surveillance and censorship.[33] A 2013 report by Reporters Without Borders specifically mentioned QQ as allowing authorities to monitor online conversations for keywords or phrases and track participants by their user number.[34]

Adware controversy

The Chinese version of QQ makes use of embedded advertisements. Older versions of the client have been branded as malicious adware by some antivirus and anti-spyware vendors.[35][36][37]

Both the Chinese and International versions of QQ had been tested in 2013.[38] Currently it is identified as malware by DrWeb, Zillya, NANO-Antivirus, and VBA32 give positive results, most of which identify it as a trojan.[39]

Security

On March 6, 2015, QQ scored 2 out of 7 points on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's secure messaging scorecard. It received points for having communications encrypted in transit and for having a recent independent security audit. It lost points because communications are not end-to-end encrypted, users can not verify contacts' identities, past messages are not secure if the encryption keys are stolen (i.e. the service does not provide forward secrecy), the code is not open to independent review (i.e. the code is not open-source), and the security design is not properly documented.[40]

See also

References

  1. ^ . App Store https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/qq/id444934666. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ https://sj.qq.com/appdetail/com.tencent.mobileqq. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ "QQ Windows版". Tencent. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  4. ^ "QQ Linux版". Tencent. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  5. ^ https://im.qq.com/macqq/index.shtml. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "腾讯公布二零二三年第一季业绩" (PDF) (in Chinese). Tencent. 17 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  7. ^ a b Mair, Victor (2011-04-26). "A New Morpheme in Mandarin". Language Log. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  8. ^ a b "What is QQ?". qWhatIs.com. 31 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  9. ^ a b McLaughlin, Ryan (2009-04-21). "Understanding Chinese Web site names". Ryan-McLaughlin.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  10. ^ a b c Jucha, Nicolas (2012-09-01). "QQ – China's instant messenger". gbtimes. Archived from the original on 2013-06-07. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  11. ^ "im.qq.com/qq/mac/". im.qq.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  12. ^ "WebQQ". webqq.qq.com. Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  13. ^ "WebQQ Mini". w.qq.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  14. ^ "QQ for Linux". im.qq.com. Archived from the original on 2011-03-13. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  15. ^ Fowler, Geoffrey A.; Qin, Juying (30 March 2007). "QQ: China's New Coin of the Realm?". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  16. ^ "People's Daily Online - Central Bank alert on "virtual money"". English.people.com.cn. 2007-01-12. Archived from the original on 2010-09-16. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  17. ^ "Is the Libra digital coin just Facebook's version of Tencent's QQ coin?". Abacus. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  18. ^ Silva, Matthew De (11 July 2019). "Tencent created QQ Coin long before Facebook's Libra". Quartz. Archived from the original on 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  19. ^ "Virtual currency requires tough new regulations". News.xinhuanet.com. 2007-02-12. Archived from the original on 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  20. ^ Buche, Ivy; Cantale, Salvatore (18 January 2018). "How Tencent became the world's most valuable social network firm – with barely any advertising". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  21. ^ "QQ International Official Homepage". Tencent. Archived from the original on 2012-12-06. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  22. ^ "QQ International for Android". Tencent. Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2012-10-30.
  23. ^ "QQ International for iOS". Tencent. Archived from the original on 2014-02-08. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  24. ^ Anthony, Regina (2008-06-25). "Ibibo will sell 50% to Tencent Holdings". HT Media. Archived from the original on 2014-04-27. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
  25. ^ "harryd844.wordpress.com/2007/10/29/zing-chat-prepares-to-sword-yahoo-chat/". Harryd844.wordpress.com. 29 October 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  26. ^ "www.digitaltrends.com/apple/aol-rolls-out-aim-65/". Www.digitaltrends.com. 2007-10-03. Archived from the original on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  27. ^ RenRen IPO’s biggest hurdle might be PengYou Archived 2011-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, TradingStocks.me, April 2011.
  28. ^ "Pidgin Developer Website". Archived from the original on 2011-10-19. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
  29. ^ "Miranda IM - Addons - MirandaQQ2". Addons.miranda-im.org. 2010-12-25. Archived from the original on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  30. ^ Ye, Juliet (2007-11-29). "Debate Over IM Add-Ons in China". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
  31. ^ "Coral QQ Infringement Case Ends With Prison For Chen Shoufu". ChinaTechNews. 2008-11-26. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  32. ^ Hille, Kathrin (2010-11-21). "Beijing probes Tencent and Qihoo 360". Beijing: Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  33. ^ Wines, Michael; Lafraniere, Sharon; Ansfield, Jonathan (2010-04-07). "China's Censors Tackle and Trip Over the Internet". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2019-02-22. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  34. ^ "China - The Enemies of Internet". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  35. ^ "Spyware Research Center - Tencent QQ". Tenebril. 2004-10-27. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  36. ^ "Tencent QQ". Ca.com. 2004-08-16. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  37. ^ "Remove Tencent QQ - Spyware / Adware Uninstall Instruction". Securemost.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-19. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  38. ^ "Virustotal Report for QQ 2013". Virustotal.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2013-10-30."Virustotal Report for QQ International". Virustotal.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2013-10-30.
  39. ^ "Virustotal Report for QQ 2020". Virustotal.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2020-05-24."Virustotal Report for QQ International". Virustotal.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  40. ^ "Secure Messaging Scorecard. Which apps and tools actually keep your messages safe?". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2015.

Read other articles:

Pencil (optics)

Narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles A pencil-beam radar A pencil-beam radar In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow beam (conical or cylindrical). Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as pencil-beam antennas. For example, a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extrem...

 

Freies Gymnasium Hannover

Freies Gymnasium Hannover Schulform Gymnasium Gründung 1999 Adresse Prinz-Albrecht-Ring 59 und 6130657 Hannover (Bothfeld) Land Niedersachsen Staat Deutschland Koordinaten 52° 24′ 53″ N, 9° 47′ 27″ O52.4145919.790915Koordinaten: 52° 24′ 53″ N, 9° 47′ 27″ O Träger Freies Gymnasium Hannover gemeinnützige GmbH Schüler ca. 180 Leitung Petra Hübscher (Geschäftsführung)Krister Jehmlich (Schulleitung)[1] W...

 

Handley Page Hendon

Handley Page Type Ta Hendon Handley Page Hendon N9724 en Hendon a finales de 1924. Tipo TorpederoFabricante Handley Page Aircraft CompanyPrimer vuelo 1924Retirado 1927Usuario principal Marina RealN.º construidos 6Desarrollo del Handley Page Hanley[editar datos en Wikidata] El Handley Page Hendon fue un torpedero británico de los años 20 del siglo xx. Desarrollo biplaza del anterior monoplaza Hanley de Handley Page, el Hendon era un biplano monomotor. Aunque el Ministerio del Aire...

Drag show

Drag king or drag queen performance show Drag show at the Stonewall Discotheque in Miami Beach, Florida, in 1972Cross-dressing History of cross-dressing In wartime History of drag Rebecca Riots Casa Susanna Pantomime dame Principal boy Travesti (theatre) Travesti (gender identity) Key elements Passing Transvestism Modern drag culture Ball culture Drag king Drag pageantry Drag queen Female queen (drag) Sexual practices Femdom Feminization Petticoating Transvestic fetishism Other aspects Cross-...

 

Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

  Members   Observers   Dialogue Partners   Observer applicants   Disputed territories The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 9 member states and 4 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as the Shanghai Five. In addition to the 9 member states and 3 observers, the SCO currently has 14 dialogue partners and 4 guest attendance entries. Member states Flag Country Capital Larg...

 

Ken Ilsø

Ken Ilsø Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Ken Ilsø Larsen[1]Tanggal lahir 2 Desember 1986 (umur 37)[2]Tempat lahir Copenhagen, DenmarkTinggi 1,83 m (6 ft 0 in)[3]Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Fortuna DüsseldorfNomor 10Karier junior Pioneren Friheden KB Frem2004–2007 HeerenveenKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2005–2007 Heerenveen 1 (0)2007–2009 SønderjyskE 52 (12)2009–2011 Midtjylland 39 (10)2011 → Fortuna Düsseld...

Exoprosopa pandora

Exoprosopa pandora Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Diptera Famili: Bombyliidae Genus: Exoprosopa Spesies: Exoprosopa pandora Exoprosopa pandora adalah spesies lalat yang berasal dari genus Exoprosopa dan famili Bombyliidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Lalat ini biasanya memakan nektar dan polen yang ada dalam bunga. Referensi Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson...

 

Dos Castillas (Madrid Metro)

Dos CastillasMadrid Metro stationGeneral informationLocationPozuelo de Alarcón, MadridSpainCoordinates40°25′57″N 3°48′06″W / 40.4325346°N 3.801616°W / 40.4325346; -3.801616Owned byCRTMOperated byMetro OesteOther informationFare zoneB1HistoryOpened27 July 2007; 16 years ago (2007-07-27)Services Preceding station Madrid Metro Following station Bélgicatowards Colonia Jardín Line ML-2 Campus de Somosaguastowards Estación de Aravaca Locatio...

 

Fluorescent lamp

Lamp using fluorescence to produce light Tubelight redirects here. For other uses, see Tubelight (disambiguation). For Lamp sizes and designations, see Fluorescent-lamp formats. Linear fluorescent lamps illuminating a pedestrian tunnel Top: two non-integrated compact fluorescent lamps. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the light fixture. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale. Integrated compact fluorescent lamps of different shapes with E27 socket and an ele...

UBM Technology Group

American business-to-business media company UBM Technology GroupTypeSubsidiaryIndustryMediaFounded1971 (as CMP Publications Inc.)FounderGerard Leeds and Lilo LeedsDefunct2018SuccessorInforma TechHeadquartersSan Francisco, CaliforniaProductsPublishingAdvertisingTrade ShowsOwnerInformaWebsitetech.ubm.com UBM Technology Group, formerly CMP Publications, was a business-to-business multimedia company that provided information and integrated marketing services to technology professionals worldwide....

 

Columbus Tuttle House

United States historic placeColumbus Tuttle HouseU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesMichigan State Historic Site Location within the state of MichiganShow map of MichiganLocation within the United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocation610 N. Main St.,Lapeer, MichiganCoordinates43°03′18″N 83°19′07″W / 43.05500°N 83.31861°W / 43.05500; -83.31861 (Columbus Tuttle House)Arealess than one acreBuilt1890 (1890)Built byDaniel WadsworthArchit...

 

العلاقات المالديفية الغواتيمالية

العلاقات المالديفية الغواتيمالية جزر المالديف غواتيمالا   المالديف   غواتيمالا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات المالديفية الغواتيمالية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين المالديف وغواتيمالا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة وم...

Pattabhishekam (1985 film)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Pattabhishekam 1985 film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1985 Indian filmPattabhishekamTheatrical release posterDirected byK. Raghavendra RaoWritten byParuchuri Brothers (story...

 

Netcong High School

Netcong High School was a high school in Netcong in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. In 1969 the school had 390 students.[1] It was a part of the Netcong School District. History Netcong High first opened in the 1900s.[2] In 1969, students protested after New Jersey courts ended a prayer program. The school administration stated the prayer was student-organized and voluntary. New Jersey courts argued that it violated Engel v. Vitale (1962).[1] Judge Joseph Sta...

 

Lava lamp

Decorative lamp Lava lamps An original Mathmos Astro lava lamp A lava lamp is a decorative lamp, invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker, the founder of the lighting company Mathmos. It consists of a bolus of a special coloured wax mixture inside a glass vessel, the remainder of which contains clear or translucent liquid. The vessel is placed on a base containing an incandescent light bulb whose heat causes temporary reductions in the wax's density and the liquid's surfa...

Гипоциклоида

Гипоцикло́ида (греч. ὑπό (под, внизу) + греч. κύκλος (круг, окружность)) — плоская кривая, образуемая точкой окружности, катящейся по внутренней стороне другой окружности без скольжения. Содержание 1 Уравнения 2 Примеры гипоциклоид 3 См. также 4 Примечания 5 Литература Уравне...

 

I Can Never Go Home Anymore

1965 single by the Shangri-LasI Can Never Go Home AnymoreDutch picture sleeveSingle by the Shangri-Lasfrom the album Shangri-Las '65 B-sideBull DogReleasedOctober 1965 (1965-10)GenrePopLength3:12LabelRed BirdSongwriter(s)Shadow MortonProducer(s)Shadow MortonThe Shangri-Las singles chronology Right Now and Not Later (1965) I Can Never Go Home Anymore (1965) Long Live Our Love (1966) I Can Never Go Home Anymore is a song written by Shadow Morton and performed by the Shangri-Las. It re...

 

Cricket in Hong Kong

Cricket in Hong KongHong Kong Cricket Club in Central, in the 1900s. The site is now the location of Chater GardenCountryHong KongGoverning bodyCricket Hong KongNational team(s)Hong Kong national cricket teamFirst played1969National competitions List Hong Kong Cricket Sixes Hong Kong Premier League Two-Day Hong Kong Premier League One-Day Tournament Hong Kong T20 Blitz International competitions List ICC Cricket World Cup: 0 ICC World Twenty20: 0 ICC Champions Trophy: 0 Under 19 Cricket World...

Central netted dragon

Species of lizard Central netted dragon Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Iguania Family: Agamidae Genus: Ctenophorus Species: C. nuchalis Binomial name Ctenophorus nuchalis(De vis, 1884) Distribution of the central netted dragon The central netted dragon or central netted ground dragon (Ctenophorus nuchalis) is a species of agamid lizard occ...

 

Leiden Classical

BOINC based volunteer computing project Leiden ClassicalLeiden Classical graphicsOperating systemcross-platformPlatformBOINCWebsiteboinc.gorlaeus.net Leiden Classical[1] was a volunteer computing project run by the Theoretical Chemistry Department of the Leiden Institute of Chemistry at Leiden University. Leiden Classical used the BOINC system, and enabled scientists or science students to submit their own test simulations of various molecules and atoms in a classical mechanics enviro...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!