Television Centre (TVC), formerly known as BBC Television Centre, is a building complex in White City, West London, which was the headquarters of BBC Television from 1960 to 2013, when BBC Television moved to Broadcasting House. After a refurbishment, the complex reopened in 2017 with three studios in use for TV production, operated by BBC Studioworks. The first BBC staff moved into the Scenery Block in 1953, and the centre was officially opened on 29 June 1960. It is one of the most readily recognisable facilities of its type, having appeared as the backdrop for many BBC programmes. Parts of the building are Grade II listed, including the central ring and Studio 1.
Most of the BBC's national television and radio news output came from Television Centre, and in later years most recorded television was output from the nearby Broadcast Centre at 201 Wood Lane, care of Red Bee Media. Live television events from studios and routing of national and international sporting events took place within Television Centre before being passed to the Broadcast Centre for transmission.
It was planned to be 6 acres (2.4 hectares), but turned out to be twice the size. The building was commissioned in 1949 with work starting in 1950. However government restrictions on building, through its loan sanction and licensing of materials, ensured that building work was halted until 1953. Intended as stopgaps, the BBC remodelled the former Gaumont Studios at Lime Grove, the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith[1] and the Shepherd's Bush Empire for television production spaces and studio use; many of these facilities were still being used by the corporation decades later.
Work resumed in 1953 on the TVC scenery block (Stage 1) and work began in 1954 on the canteen block (Stage 2), which doubled as a rehearsal space. Work on Stage 3, the central circular office block and studios, began in March 1955 on studios TC4, 5 and 2. The shells of studios TC1, TC6 and TC7 were constructed around the same time but they were not fitted out until a few years later. BBC Television Centre officially opened with TC3 operational on 29 June 1960.[2] When it opened in June 1960, the Director of BBC television was Gerald Beadle, and the first programme broadcast was First Night with David Nixon in Studio Three.[3]
In 1997, the BBC News Centre was opened, in a new complex at the front of the building.[4] The decision to move radio news to this building was attributed to Director General John Birt, a move that was resisted by the managing director of BBC Radio, Liz Forgan, who resigned after failing to dissuade the governors.[citation needed] Birt's decision caused problems; for example some politicians accustomed to travelling to interviews at Broadcasting House in Central London were reluctant to make the journey to White City,[citation needed] despite being only 4+1⁄2 mi (7.2 km) west.
Redevelopment
Television Centre when the BBC owned it, pictured in 2009
It was announced on 18 October 2007 that in order to meet a £2 billion shortfall in funding, the BBC intended to "reduce the size of the property portfolio in west London by selling BBC Television Centre by the end of the financial year 2012/13",[5] with the then Director General, Mark Thompson, saying the plan would deliver "a smaller, but fitter, BBC" in the digital age.[6] A BBC spokesman has added that "this is a full scale disposal of BBC Television Centre and we won't be leasing it back".[7] The corporation officially put Television Centre on the property market in June 2011.[8][9]
On 16 July 2012, the BBC agreed to sell the site to Stanhope for £200 million.[15] The building closed on 31 March 2013 and was redeveloped to include flats, office space, a cinema and hotels.[16] Studios 1, 2 and 3 along with part of the basement and offices have been refurbished and leased back to the BBC on a 15-year lease.[17] The original schedule would have seen Studios 1, 2, & 3 back in production by Autumn of 2014 however on 17 July 2014 the BBC announced that due to the extensive building work, programme production would not recommence at Television Centre until 2017 when much of the demolition and groundwork has been completed.[18] The BBC's commercial business, BBC Studios, will lease back Stage 6 as office space which is the part formerly occupied by BBC News.[19]
Television Centre during redevelopment in May 2015. The BBC blocks on the wall of TC1 were removed in September 2014.
All BBC News, national radio and BBC World Service broadcasts were relocated to Broadcasting House between July 2012 and March 2013, which is said to include one of the largest live newsrooms in the world.[20] The final news broadcasts from Television Centre took place on 18 March 2013, when the BBC News channel and remaining news output completed the move to Broadcasting House. This was one of the final live broadcasts from the building.[21]
A 90-minute documentary titled Tales of Television Centre[22] was broadcast on BBC Four in 2012 ahead of the move out. On 22 March 2013, BBC Four devoted its evening schedule to programmes commemorating Television Centre. At the heart of the evening was Goodbye Television Centre, a two-hour history presented by former BBC1 controller and BBC chairman Michael Grade. The last live programme broadcast was Madness Live: Goodbye Television Centre, shown that day on BBC Four.
In March 2013, the BBC and Stanhope formed a joint venture, Television Centre Developments, to manage the redevelopment of the 14-acre site.[23] Only three of the eight production studios were earmarked for continued use by the BBC, with the rest being demolished for flats, and it was argued that this would leave insufficient facilities in the capital for independent television production, and a Save Television Centre Studios website and petition was set up.[24]
In December 2013, Stanhope was granted planning permission from the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham.[25]
In October 2014, UK magazine Private Eye reported that having spent £60 million to remove broadcasting equipment from the building, the BBC planned to spend £12 million a year to lease back parts of the building.[26] This decision was in direct contradiction of the BBC's promise in 2007 that the sale of TVC was a "full-scale disposal" and that it would not be leasing back any part of the building.[27]
As of April 2016, only Studios TC1, TC2 and TC3 remained – the other studios TC4, TC5, TC6, TC7 and TC8 had all been demolished. The statue of Helios, the Greek God of Sun, had been removed for renovation before it returned later in 2016; developer Stanhope and construction manager Mace had carefully removed the gilded bronze figure with heritage experts PAYE Conservation for repair and renovation. The Helios has stood in the rotunda at Television Centre since the former BBC headquarters opened in 1960.[29]
Reopening
BBC Studioworks, the commercial subsidiary of the BBC operate and maintain Studios 1, 2 and 3 and the production facilities at Television Centre. The newly refurbished facilities officially opened on 1 September 2017.[30] As of April 2017, bookings for the renovated studios were being taken.[31]
In April 2018, ITV's daytime programmes Good Morning Britain, Lorraine, This Morning, Loose Women and political discussion programme Peston moved to Television Centre, due to the closure and redevelopment of The London Studios.[32][33][34] However, in October 2018, it was announced that ITV would not be returning to the South Bank,[35] and it is thought that ITV Daytime programmes will continue to be broadcast from Television Centre.
On 29 June 2020, Television Centre turned 60 years old and the Royal Television Society released a commemorative programme to celebrate.[36]
The building
Panoramic view of the centre of the building, showing the statue of Helios, the Greek god of the sun
Design
The overall design from the air appeared to resemble a question mark in shape. The architect, Graham Dawbarn, (Norman & Dawbarn), drew a question mark on an envelope (now held by the BBC Written Archives Centre) while thinking about the design of the building, and realised that it would be an ideal shape for the site.[37] An article in The BBC Quarterly, July 1946, proposed a circular design, several years before Dawbarn drew up his plans.
The building featured a central circular block (officially known as the Main Block, but often referred to by staff as the "doughnut") around which were studios, offices, engineering areas and the News Centre.
Helios
Helios Statue in TV Centre White City
In the centre of the main block was a statue designed by T. B. Huxley-Jones of Helios, the Greek god of the sun, to symbolise the radiation of television around the world. At the foot of the statue were two reclining figures, symbolising sound and vision, the components of television. It was originally a fountain, but owing to the building's unique shape it was too noisy for the staff in the overlooking offices, and there were problems with water leakage into the videotape area which for a long time was directly beneath. Even though there was a foundation stone marked 'BBC 1956' in the basement of the main building, construction began in 1951.[38]
Arthur Hayes worked on the building from 1956 to 1970 and was responsible for the creation of the original 'BBC Television Centre' lettering on the façade of Studio 1. The lettering was later used all over the building, even in tile work outside lift entrances. Demands from Broadcasting House meant that Hayes had less time than he had thought to design a decor for the façade, leading to him puncturing a scale foam model of the wall with drawing pins, and thus the birth of the iconic 'Atomic Dots'[clarify]: there are 26 across the façade of Studio 1, each one backlit and clearly visible at night.
The building as opened in 1960 was extended a number of times, notably along the 'spur' towards Wood Lane in line with the original masterplan although the actual implementation was completed over a number of decades and by different architects. Despite a number of extensions, the BBC had to seek accommodation elsewhere, such as the nearby BBC White City complex comprising White City One, a 25,000 square metre office building, and the adjacent Broadcast and Media Centres.
Listed status
The development of the Westfield shopping centre nearby led to a sharp rise in property prices and placed the Television Centre under threat. In February 2008, with an amendment in November, English Heritage requested listed status for the scenery workshop, the canteen block adjoining the Blue Peter Garden, and the central building.[39][40][41] Previously, under a longstanding deal between the BBC and English Heritage the building was not listed to allow the BBC to make changes necessary in a broadcasting centre.[citation needed] In return, the BBC agreed that if it left, the fabric of the building would be restored to its mid-1960s state, and English Heritage would list notable features.[42]
On 17 June 2009 the Central Ring of the building and Studio 1, noting in particular the John Piper mosaic, central drum with its mosaic tiles, the Huxley-Jones gilded statue of Helios, full-height glazing of the stair and original clock in the Central Ring, received Grade II listed status from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.[43] The 'atomic dots' and name of Studio 1, and the cantilevered porch on its exterior were noted as important architectural features of that building.[44] The department did not consider the other buildings, including all other studios, scenery block and canteen of sufficient special interest to warrant listing.[44][45] Making the protection announcement, the architecture minister Barbara Follett noted that it was where Doctor Who, Fawlty Towers and Blue Peter were made: "It has been a torture chamber for politicians, and an endless source of first-class entertainment for the nation—sometimes both at the same time."[45]
Current studios
Currently, and in the later years of the BBC's occupation of the centre, the studio facilities were run by the wholly owned commercial subsidiary BBC Studioworks. The studios vary in size and all studios were usually abbreviated to initials, such as TC1 (Television Centre 1) for Studio 1.
From the 1980s the use of the complex for such productions declined with the last major drama series to be shot there being The House of Eliott,[46] which ended in 1994, and the last single drama recorded was Henry IV, Part 1, in 1995.[47][48] The reason for the decline was because drama productions (except for soap operas) shifted almost entirely onto film or single-camera video, and Television Centre was a video-based, multi-camera production environment.[49]
Studio TC1 at the BBC Television Centre, as seen in 2007.
Studio 1 - 10,250 sq ft (952 m2) - Opened on 15 April 1964, it was the fourth largest television studio in Britain, and was one of the four studios to be equipped for HDTV production (along with TC4, TC6 and TC8).[50] In May 2020, Loose Women temporarily moved from TC2 into TC1 to allow for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in London.[51] In mid-July, Loose Women returned to TC2.[citation needed]
Studio 2 - 2,400 sq ft (220 m2) Opened in late 1960, the studio was home to many comedy programmes, among those being That Was the Week That Was. Initially, it was not converted for colour production, and closed in 1969, with the studio space being used for storage until it reopened in 1981. It was used by BBC News until they moved in 1997, and has played host to the Sports and Children's department. It was the main studio used for Blue Peter for the 2007 and 2008 series. It was vacated following the move of both departments to dock10. Studio 2 is currently the home of the ITV programmes Lorraine, Loose Women and Peston, in addition to Channel 4's Sunday Brunch.
Studio 3 - 6,390 sq ft (594 m2) - Opened on 29 June 1960, it was designed as a drama studio and had customised panels and fittings. The walls were slightly thicker to insulate it from noise from the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines (then still part of the Metropolitan line) of the London Underground. It was the first studio to be completed and was upgraded to colour in 1969. Studio 3 currently broadcasts ITV programmes Good Morning Britain and This Morning. It was one of two studios that hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1963; the other being Studio 4.
Studio 0 - 1,260 sq ft (117 m2) - Opened in 1989 as a music studios, it would later become a control room as Studio 12. Productions for UK Play and, later on, virtual reality programmes, were produced here. It was home to Liquid News between 2000 and 2002 and CBeebies in vision continuity between 2002 and 2008, with the studio subsequently used by BBC R&D.
Studio 4 - 6,300 sq ft (590 m2) - Opened in January 1961, TC4 had a similar layout to TC3, and was designed as a light entertainment studio. It was upgraded for colour production in 1970 and to HDTV and surround sound production in 2008. Programmes such as Z-Cars, Top of the Pops, Strictly Come Dancing, and Room 101 were recorded in TC4.
Studio 5 - 2,400 sq ft (220 m2) - Opened in August 1961, it was initially used to broadcast programmes from BBC Schools, with an adjacent area used for such programming that was linked to the studio. It was converted for colour production in 1973, and was closed in the mid-1980s. Following a two-year refurbishment in 1987, sports programmes such as Match of the Day, Football Focus, and Grandstand were recorded in TC5 until November 2011, when the Sports department moved to MediaCityUK in Salford.
Studio 6 - 6,440 sq ft (598 m2) - Coinciding with BBC Two's switch to colour, TC6 opened in July 1967. It was the first such studio to be equipped for colour production. The initial plan was to build a split studio with a large, removable wall in the middle, but such idea was abandoned. Children's programmes such as Live & Kicking and Dick & Dom in da Bungalow, and Pointless were recorded in TC6. Later, the control room of the studio was moved in 1993 and was used as the control room for the Red Button service. It was converted for HDTV production in July 2010, and later became the first 3D-capable studio in Britain.
Studio 7 - 2,400 sq ft (220 m2) - Opened in 1962, children's programmes such as Going Live! and Play School were initially recorded in TC7. Following BBC News' move to the studio in 1997, news programmes such as BBC Breakfast and BBC News at Six were broadcast, with other news programmes transmitted from various studios in the News Centre. BBC Breakfast ended its broadcast in TC7 on 5 April 2012, with production moving to MediaCityUK, and BBC News at Six ended its broadcast on 15 March 2013, with news programming subsequently moving to Broadcasting House in central London.
Studio 8 - 6,480 sq ft (602 m2) - Opened in 1967, it was considered, by television producers, the best studio for use, owing to its size. It primarily broadcast comedy programmes, sitcoms and quiz shows such as Miranda, Tipping Point and Five Minutes to a Fortune. It was the first studio to be converted for HDTV production, having done so in January 2007.
Studio 9 - 900 sq ft (84 m2) - Built in 1955 as a foyer of the restaurant block, it was later converted to a store. It was converted to a studio in 1996 for CBBC, and was cited for its convenience and its roominess. CBBC left the studios in 2004, and all in-vision continuity was moved 2 years later to TC12. Programmes such as Sam & Mark's TMi Friday and SMart were recorded from TC9.
Studio 10
111 square metres (1,200 ft2)
Opened as N1 in September 1969, it was used for the BBC1 daytime news bulletins, and the home of BBC World (previously BBC World Service News) from 1993. Closed in spring 1999 when news bulletins moved to the News Centre section of Television Centre, and renamed as TC10. Used for some programmes by channel UK Play until the station's closure. Between 2004 and 2006 it was used for in-vision continuity for CBBC on BBC One and BBC Two, before being used by some programming for CBBC such as Level Up. From 2010 to 2011 it was the home of CBeebies.
Studio 11
186 square metres (2,000 ft2)
Opened as N2 in September 1969, and the same size as N1, it was used for the BBC2 daytime news bulletins. Extended in 1985 to include props store and adjacent lobby, it became home to the Six O'Clock and Nine O'Clock News. In spring 1999, following the completion of the News Centre spur of Television Centre, the news moved out and it was renamed TC11. In 2002 it became home to Liquid News and later to the other BBC Three news programmes 60 Seconds and The 7 O'Clock News. It briefly played host to the domestic BBC News bulletins while their studios were refurbished in 2006, before becoming general purpose. It was home to Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two until 15 December 2011, after which the studio was closed.
Studio 12
56 square metres (600 ft2)
Originally built as a control room for the music studio originally located in Studio 0. Studio 12 was converted into an ad-hoc studio in 2004 for CBBC programmes. It was also used for Sportsround for some years, but was eventually converted into a presentation studio in 2006. It was used for in-vision continuity for CBBC and changed into an in-vision continuity studio in summer 2007. The set was transferred to a mini studio in the East Tower. It was used by BBC Research.[52]
Pres A
65 square metres (704 ft2)
Opened in 1960, designed for in-vision continuity for BBC 1, but was used as such for only three years. Became weather studio prior to the move to the BBC Weather Centre in 1990 (also in Television Centre), following which it was used by Children's BBC to supplement presentation from the 'Broom Cupboard', and was used for slots such as birthdays and public holidays.[53] It became full-time home of Children's BBC in 1994 following the vacation of the 'Broom Cupboard'. It closed following CBBC's move to TC9 and was converted into additional presentation control rooms. The substantially thick wall between Pres A and B was removed and a mezzanine floor constructed to house a larger presentation control area for interactive and children's channels CBBC and CBeebies.
Pres B
65 square metres (704 ft2)
Opened in 1964, Pres B was designed for in-vision continuity for BBC 2, but that channel did not use in-vision continuity for more than a few months after launch. Became a general purpose studio housing small productions such as Points of View, the Film series with Barry Norman and The Old Grey Whistle Test. It closed in 1996 and initially remained disused until it was converted (along with Pres A) into additional presentation control rooms. The substantially thick wall between Pres A and B was removed and a mezzanine floor constructed to house a larger presentation control area for interactive and children's channels CBBC and CBeebies.
News studios
In addition to these studios, BBC News used a number of studios for the frequent news bulletins. These studios have a different naming system owing to their permanent usage and were not included on most studio lists, as they were unavailable for hire.
N1 – Previously BBC One daytime bulletins. Became TC10
N2 – Previously BBC Two daytime bulletins. Became TC11
N3 – Small studio off main newsroom, before being made part of newsroom, separated by glass panels.
N4 – Studio, became part of the BBC Club bar
N5 – Originally studio for BBC Arabic Television service, which closed in 1996. It was a storeroom until 2001 when it was used for the BBCi service, then from 2007 as a home for Click prior to its move to Broadcasting House in 2012.
N8 – Home to BBC World News prior to its move to Broadcasting House in 2013, and by the BBC News channel from 1999 to 2008. BBC News channel still used the studio to allow the BBC News at Ten to rehearse in N6 until 2013
N9 – Home to BBC World News until 2008 and BBC News 24 from 1997 to 1999, used as a contingency when N6/N8 unavailable due to technical work and for election coverage
These studios were located in Stage 5 & Stage 6, commonly known as the BBC News Centre. BBC News moved out of Stage 6 in 2013 to the new BBC News Centre at New Broadcasting House in Central London. After redevelopment, Stage 6 became the new home to the commercial arm of the BBC, BBC Studios.
There was no N7, to avoid confusion with TC7, which housed 'big' news programmes such as BBC Breakfast, Working Lunch, and Newsnight.
Infrastructure
In February 1996, the electricity and heating were transferred to a European Gas Turbines (EGT) 4.9MWe Typhoon gas turbinecombined heating, power and cooling unit.[54] It included a 6MW Thermaxair conditioning (cooling) vapour absorption machine (VAM). The £6m HVAC system reduced energy costs by 35%, and paid for itself within three years. A second turbine was added, without a second chimney. However, in 2008[55] the BBC admitted that the energy system was being used for emergency purposes only as it had become cost-ineffective to use full-time. Excess electricity produced at night has not been returned to the National Grid, as originally planned. In November 2003, the turbine's chimneys caught fire,[56] bringing TV output to a halt. After the fire the turbines were no longer used regularly.
On 4 March 2001, a bomb placed outside the news centre exploded, with no fatalities.[62] It was attributed to the Real IRA and the culprits were eventually caught. The front of the building suffered moderate damage, but was soon repaired.
Power failures
Television Centre has suffered from power cuts that affected normal broadcasting, but these were not seen as a systemic problem.[citation needed] One such power cut caused the launch night of BBC2, on 20 April 1964, to be cancelled; programmes began the next day.[63]
A major power failure occurred on 20 June 2000 at approximately 5 p.m., affecting the entire Television Centre resulting in services such as BBC One, BBC Two and BBC Radio 4 coming off air and/or altering their schedules. BBC News 24 went off air twice before being relocated to the BBC's Westminster studios and simulcasting with BBC World (marking a rare occurrence where BBC World was broadcast to UK viewers). The Six O'Clock News suffered severe lighting problems and had to be cancelled halfway through, and the BBC's backup generator caught fire. Troubles were experienced in the South East region, as Newsroom South East started later than planned. The fire alarms went off at Television Centre later that day, leaving only a skeleton crew. Eventually many programmes returned, from different locations: Newsnight was presented from the main news studio with intermittent technical problems. The issues were attributed to a failing substation in Shepherd's Bush. Normal services resumed the following day.[64]
Just before 8 a.m. on 28 November 2003 an electrical fault caused some equipment to overheat, which set off fire alarms.[56] Although there was no fire, the fault caused widespread power cuts and prevented backup generators from providing alternative power. All output was affected with services transferred across London to alternative studios. The One O'Clock News and BBC News 24 broadcast for much of the day from the BBC's Millbank Studios,[56] and the Today programme and Five Live'sBreakfast morning radio shows fell off air for 15 minutes.[56] The Millbank Studios are a fall-back for news operations in the event of TVC failure,[citation needed] and are continually recording the last hour of the BBC News Channel output (without in-vision clock) for this purpose.[citation needed] This power cut came on the week prior to the relaunch of News 24 as well as BBC World, which was postponed for another week to ensure that all problems had been remedied.[65]
Protests
Protesters objecting to the appearance of Nick Griffin on Question Time outside Television Centre in 2009
Programmes have been interrupted by protesters gaining access to Television Centre. In 1988, a group of lesbian protestors campaigning against Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 gained access to the studio of the Six O'Clock News during a live broadcast.[66] Newsreader Sue Lawley continued with the broadcast, while co-presenter Nicholas Witchell tackled the intruders off-camera.[67]
On 20 May 2006, during the live broadcast of National Lottery: Jet Set the studio was invaded by members of the Fathers 4 Justice campaign group, causing the show to go briefly off air while the protesters were removed.[68] This was also a problem as that night's lottery broadcast ran straight into the Eurovision Song Contest 2006.
For Question Time on 22 October 2009, the BBC invited the leader of the British National Party, Nick Griffin, onto the programme for the first time, causing heated public debate and strong protests outside the studios.[69] Television Centre had its security breached with around 30 anti-fascist protesters storming the reception area and several hundred protesters gathering outside. Police and security staff were forced to close gates leading into the centre and form barriers to prevent any further breaches of security.[70]
On 9 August 2021, a number of anti-vaccine protestors upset with BBC News for "promoting Covid-19 vaccines" attempted to gain access to Television Centre. The BBC's news operations were not on site as they had left the facility in 2013.[71][72] Police were deployed to prevent the protestors entering BBC Studioworks, and some of the protesters later marched to Broadcasting House where BBC News is based.[73]
^""Auntie" honoured in recommendation to list parts of BBC Television Centre". Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008. English Heritage has advised the Minister for Culture Media and Sport to recognise the extraordinary cultural and architectural significance of BBC Television Centre at White City, Wood Lane, London, and list parts of it at grade II
Gaya atau nada penulisan artikel ini tidak mengikuti gaya dan nada penulisan ensiklopedis yang diberlakukan di Wikipedia. Bantulah memperbaikinya berdasarkan panduan penulisan artikel. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Тумак.У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Чабак (значения). Торговец в треухе (Ф. Г. Солнцев, 1872) Треух — тёплая шапка[1] с тремя опускными лопастями, на бока и на затылок, с наушами и задником, иногда е...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Quetta. Quetta Vue générale de nuit. Administration Pays Pakistan Province Balouchistan Division Quetta District Quetta Démographie Population 1 001 205 hab. (rec. 2017[1]) Géographie Coordonnées 30° 21′ 36″ nord, 67° 01′ 12″ est Localisation Géolocalisation sur la carte : Pakistan Quetta Géolocalisation sur la carte : Pakistan Quetta modifier Quetta (en pachto : کوټه, en b...
Scipione Piattoli Scipione Piattoli, por Marcello Bacciarelli.Información personalNacimiento 10 de noviembre de 1739Florencia, Gran Ducado de ToscanaFallecimiento 12 de abril 180969 añosAltenburgo, PrusiaNacionalidad ItalianaReligión Iglesia católica EducaciónEducado en Universidad de Florencia Información profesionalOcupación Profesor, escritor, sacerdote y políticoCargos ocupados Secretario del rey en la corte polacaKing's private secretary at the Polish court Empleador Universidad ...
Ця стаття покладається значною мірою чи цілком на єдине джерело. Це може призвести до порушень нейтральності та недостатньої перевірності вмісту. Будь ласка, допоможіть, додавши посилання на додаткові джерела. (серпень 2022) Колишня будівля Асизів (виїздного суду) в Дівай
سفارة البرازيل في الصين البرازيل الصين الإحداثيات 39°54′45″N 116°25′52″E / 39.91237°N 116.43099°E / 39.91237; 116.43099 البلد الصين المكان بكين الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل سفارة البرازيل في الصين هي أرفع تمثيل دبلوماسي[1] لدولة البرازيل لدى ال
Soldado de cuera: 1: Chaqueta de cuero 2: Silla de montar 3: Carabina 4: Bolsa de la silla 5: Lanza 6: Pistolas colgadas a cada lado de la silla 7: Adarga 8: Botas y espuelas 9: Estribo 10: Cartuchera [1] Los dragones de cuera, soldados presidiales o soldados de cuera, eran tropas defensivas creadas por el Imperio español, para la defensa de la frontera de los Estados Unidos actuales, que ocuparon los presidios de la Nueva España. Su nombre derivaba de la cuera, abrigo largo sin mang...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité ukrainienne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Hrebinka (uk) Гребінка Héraldique Hrebonka : église Sainte-Heorhіïa Pobiedonostsia. Administration Pays Ukraine Oblast Oblast de Poltava Maire Vitaliy Kolisnitchenko Code postal 37400 — 37406 Indicatif tél. +380 5359 Démographie Population 10 906 hab. (2016) Densi...
US military unit 321st Field Artillery Regiment (321st FAR)Coat of armsActive1917Country United StatesBranchArmyTypeField artilleryMotto(s)Noli Me Tangere (Touch-Me-Not)CommandersHonorary Colonel of the RegimentCOL(R) William MaloucheHonorary Sergeant Major of the RegimentCSM(R) Tony GuerreroInsigniaDistinctive unit insigniaMilitary unit The 321st Field Artillery Regiment (321st FAR) is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. A parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental...
Gerd Sieben Janssen (* 21. Oktober 1802 in Esens; † 4. März 1899 in Aurich) war ostfriesischer Orgelbauer aus Aurich. Von ihm sind 16 Orgelneubauten nachgewiesen, von denen einige noch gut erhalten sind, insbesondere die in Asel und Eggelingen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Werkliste 3 Siehe auch 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Leben Gerd Sieben Janssen wurde 1802 als Sohn des Schneidermeisters Ihno Janssen (19. Mai 1769 bis 1853/55) und dessen Frau Jurke Margaretha Gattena (3. Mai...
Torredeita Locomotiva E214 na antiga estação de Torredeita, em Fevereiro de 2020 Linha(s): Linha do Dão (PK 36,461) Coordenadas: 40° 38′ 30,96″ N, 8° 00′ 55,47″ O Concelho: Viseu Inauguração: 24 de novembro de 1890 (há 133 anos) Encerramento: 1990 (há 32 anos) A Estação Ferroviária de Torredeita, igualmente conhecida como Torre de Eita ou Tôrre dʼEita, é uma antiga gare da Linha do Dão, que servia a vila de Torredeita, no distrito de Viseu, em Portugal...
Marriage between two people from different countries A transnational marriage or international marriage is a marriage between two people from different countries/races. It can either be a marriage between two people of the same race from two different countries living in the same country or marriage between two people from two different countries with different races. History Transnational marriage has been attested since ancient times, often in instances where royal families sought to form a...
الدوري العراقي الدرجة الأولى 2023–24 السلسلة الدوري العراقي الدرجة الأولى البلد العراق المنظم الاتحاد العراقي لكرة القدم الدوري العراقي الدرجة الأولى 2022–23 تعديل مصدري - تعديل الدوري العراقي الدرجة الأولى 2023–24 هو الموسم الخمسين لدوري الدرجة الاولى الع...
American rapper (born 1993) Chance the RapperChance the Rapper in 2018BornChancelor Johnathan Bennett (1993-04-16) April 16, 1993 (age 30)[1]Chicago, Illinois, U.S.Other namesChance[2]EducationJones College Prep High SchoolOccupationsRappersingersongwriterrecord producerYears active2011–presentOrganizationSocialWorksWorksDiscographyproductionSpouse Kirsten Corley (m. 2019)Children2RelativesTaylor Bennett (brother)AwardsFull listM...
Roman Catholic diocese in Mexico Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las CasasDioecesis Sancti Christophori de las CasasDiócesis de San Cristóbal de Las CasasCatedral de San CristóbalLocationCountryMexicoEcclesiastical provinceProvince of TuxtlaMetropolitanSan Cristóbal de Las CasasStatisticsArea8,740 sq mi (22,600 km2)Population- Total- Catholics(as of 2010)1,691,0001,346,000 (79.6%)Parishes52InformationDenominationRoman CatholicRiteRoman RiteEstablished19 March 15...
Anti-Sunni massacre against the inhabitants of Hama city in 1982 Not to be confused with the 2012 Hama massacre or the 1981 Hama massacre. 1982 Hama massacrePart of the Islamist uprising in SyriaDateFebruary 2, 1982 (1982-02-02) - February 28, 1982; 41 years ago (1982-02-28)(3 weeks 5 days)LocationHama, Hama Governorate, Syrian Arab RepublicResult Syrian government victory Islamic uprising in Syria suppressed Syrian opposition exiled Consolidation of Ba'athist...
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Final Command – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1998 studio album by ParagonThe Final CommandStudio album by ParagonReleasedSeptember 1998GenreHeavy metal, power metalLabelB.O. RecordsProduc...
2012 American filmBuffalo GirlsFilm posterDirected byTodd KellsteinProduced byLanette PhillipsJonathon KerEdited byZimo HuangMusic byScott HackwithProductioncompaniesBuffalo Girls Movie, in Association with Union Entertainment GroupRelease date January 22, 2012 (2012-01-22) Running time64 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageThai Buffalo Girls is a documentary film about two eight-year-old Thai girls who engage in professional Muay Thai boxing in rural Thailand. The film was dire...
Wohnungsbaugenossenschaft „Aufbau“ Strausberg eG Logo Rechtsform Eingetragene Genossenschaft Gründung 8. September 1954 Sitz Strausberg, Deutschland Leitung Carsta Göring, Frank Wessel Branche Wohnungswirtschaft Website www.wbg-aufbau.de Erstes Mehrfamilienhaus im Wohngebiet Gustav-Kurtze-Promenade Die Wohnungsbaugenossenschaft „Aufbau“ Strausberg eG ist ein deutsches Wohnungsunternehmen mit Sitz in Strausberg. Zu ihrem Bestand zählen 1458 Wohnungen[1] (Stand: Dezember 2021...
Species of flowering plant Rosa chinensis A double-flowered cultivar Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Genus: Rosa Species: R. chinensis Binomial name Rosa chinensisJacq. Synonyms[1] Rosa bengalensis Pers. Rosa diversifolia Vent. Rosa indica auct. non L. Rosa laurentiae Tratt. Rosa lawranceana Sweet Rosa longifolia Willd. Rosa mutabilis Correvon Rosa nankinensis Lour. Ro...
.jpg)
