Synergini

Synergini

Synergini
Saphonecrus connatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Subfamily: Cynipinae
Tribe: Synergini
Genera
  • See text
Diversity
69 species[1]

Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.[2][3]

Genera

The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini:[4]

All of these except Lithosaphonecrus and Rhoophilus are found in the eastern Palearctic realm.[4] Synergus has the greatest number of species in Synergini.[7]

A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - Ceroptres to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini.[8]

Gall use

Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines.[9] Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in tribe Cynipini.[7]

References

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Wikispecies has information related to Synergini.
  1. ^ Nastasi, Louis F; Buffington, Matthew L; Davis, Charles K; Deans, Andrew R (2024). "Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidaesensu lato)". ZooKeys (1196): 177–207. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1196..177N. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460. PMC 10985401. PMID 38566620.
  2. ^ Wachi N, Ide T, Abe Y (2011-05-01). "A New Inquiline Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104 (3): 369–373. doi:10.1603/an10187. ISSN 0013-8746.
  3. ^ Fernandes GW, Santos JC (2014-06-26). Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer. p. 467. ISBN 978-94-017-8783-3.
  4. ^ a b Melika G, Choi JY, Pujade-Villar J, Pénzes Z, Fülöp D (2007-09-01). "A New Species of Inquiline Cynipid of the Genus Ufo Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2005 from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 10 (3): 197–200. Bibcode:2007JAsPE..10..197M. doi:10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60353-2. ISSN 1226-8615.
  5. ^ Nieves-Aldrey JL, Medianero E (1 July 2010). "Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (4): 492–499. doi:10.1603/AN09148. S2CID 86613914.
  6. ^ Schwéger S, Melika G, Tang CT, Yang MM, Stone GN, Nicholls JA, et al. (December 2015). "New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide". Zootaxa. 4054: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4054.1.1. PMID 26701460.
  7. ^ a b c Acs Z, Challis RJ, Bihari P, Blaxter M, Hayward A, Melika G, et al. (April 2010). "Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (1): 210–25. Bibcode:2010MolPE..55..210A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004. PMID 20004727.
  8. ^ Ronquist F, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Buffington ML, Liu Z, Liljeblad J, Nylander JA (2015-05-20). "Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens". PLOS ONE. 10 (5) e0123301. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023301R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123301. PMC 4439057. PMID 25993346.
  9. ^ Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005. Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4), 313–327.
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