Lee Chan-yeol (DPK) Electoral District A Baek Hye-ryeon (DPK) Electoral District B Kim Yeong-jin (DPK) Electoral District C Park Kwang-on (DPK) Electoral District D Kim Jin-pyo (DPK) Electoral District E
Suwon (Korean: 수원; Korean pronunciation:[su.wʌn]) is the largest city and capital of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea's most populous province. The city lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) south of the national capital, Seoul. With a population of 1.2 million,[4] Suwon has more inhabitants than Ulsan,[4][5] though it enjoys a lesser degree of self-governance as a 'special case city'.[6]
Traditionally known as the 'City of Filial Piety',[7] modern Suwon retains a variety of historical landmarks. As a walled city, it is a popular destination for day-trippers from Seoul,[8] with the wall itself—Hwaseong Fortress—receiving 1½ million visits in 2015.[9]
Suwon plays an important economic role as it is home to Samsung Electronics, Korea's largest and most profitable company.[10] The company's research and development centre is in Yeongtong District in eastern Suwon, where its headquarters have also been located since 2016.[11] Samsung's prominence in Suwon is clear: the company is partnered with Sungkyunkwan University,[12] which has a campus in the city; it also owns the professional football team Suwon Samsung Bluewings. This team has won the K League four times[13] and the Asian Super Cup twice.[14][15] The city is also home to the K League 1 team Suwon FC and the KBO League baseball team KT Wiz.
Suwon houses several well-known universities, most notably Sungkyunkwan University and Ajou University.[16] It is served by three expressways, the national railway network, and three lines on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.
Name
Suwon means literally "water source".[17] The area has gone by different names since antiquity, but almost all of them have this meaning.[18][19] The name originally comes from the name of the statelet Mosuguk [ko], from around the Proto–Three Kingdoms period.[18] Afterwards, the area and what is now Hwaseong were together called Maehol, Maetkol, or Mulgol (매홀; 맷골; 물골; 買忽).[20][18] In 757 CE, the name was changed to Susŏng-gun (수성군; 水城郡; lit. Susŏng County),[20][18] in order to disambiguate it from another territory with a similar-sounding name.[19] In 940, its name was changed to Su-ju (수주; 水州; lit. Su Province).[20][18] In the 11th century, it went by either Susŏng (different Hanja: 隋城) or Hannam (한남; 漢南; lit. south of Han).[18] In 1310, it received the name Suwon.[18]
In English, the name was formerly often spelt 'Sou-wen'.[21]
History
Early history
The area now corresponding to Suwon has been inhabited since at latest the early Bronze Age. Artifacts from that period to the early Iron Age have been found in the area, and include objects such as pottery, sculpture, and arrowheads.[18] One location these materials have been found is at Yeogisan [ko], which is now a monument of Gyeonggi Province [ko].[18]
It became part of Goryeo after a military campaign led by King Taejo.[18] In the 13th and 14th centuries, the area was promoted, demoted, merged, and made part of various administrative districts. The area then became a part of Joseon upon its founding, and in 1395 was made an administrative center of Gyeonggi Province.[18]
Until the late 18th century, Suwon's administrative centre was in modern-day Annyeong-dong at the foot of Hwasan (a hill in Hwasan-dong, Hwaseong).[22][18] In 1796, King Jeongjo relocated it to its current location at the foot of Paldalsan.[22][18] To protect this new city, he commanded the building of Hwaseong Fortress—a protective wall around the town.[23]
An 1899 administrative report had the population at 49,708 people in 12,579 households.[18]
On 15 August 1949, Suwon was promoted from a county to a city, with some of its former territory made into Hwaseong County.[18][24]
When the Korean War began, the United States Air Force 49th Fighter Wing, then stationed in Japan, was sent to Korea[25] with an initial mission of evacuating civilians from Suwon and Gimpo.[26] While on this mission, on 27 June 1950, US planes in Suwon were attacked by North Korean fighters. The ensuing Battle of Suwon Airfield became the first aerial combat of the war.[27] Suwon Airfield was attacked again two days later while General Douglas MacArthur was on site.[28] Though the US repelled both attacks, Suwon fell to the advancing North Koreans one week later, on 4 July 1950.[29] The following day saw the first land conflict between United States and North Korean forces, the Battle of Osan.
North Korean T-34-85 caught on a bridge south of Suwon by US attack aircraft in the Korean War
North Korean troops were not the only threat to life: in the early days of the war, southern authorities feared left-leaning civilians, and many were killed.[30] Suwon was a site of such killings: eyewitness account from US intelligence officer Donald Nichols places Suwon as the location of a massacre of approximately 1,800 in late June 1950.[31][32][33]
Suwon was retaken, fell again to the North, before being recaptured for the final time. In total, the city changed hands four times during the war.[34]
While under southern authority, Suwon hosted forces from several countries. For example, on 16 December 1950, the Greek Expeditionary Force relocated from Busan to Suwon, attached to the US 1st Cavalry Division.[35] The city also appeared strategically important, as in late 1951, the US Air Force's top fighter pilot Gabby Gabreski was placed in charge of Suwon Air Base.[26][36]
A memorial to French forces was erected in 1974 near the Yeongdong Expressway's North Suwon exit.[37] This was renovated in 2013.[38]
Recent history
In 1964, the headquarters of Gyeonggi Province began a process of relocation from Seoul to Suwon.[39][18] Seoul had left the province in 1949.[40] When the construction of the headquarters was completed on 23 June 1967, the date was set as a new annual holiday: Suwon Citizen's Day (수원시민의 날). The Hwahong Cultural Festival (now Hwaseong Cultural Festival [ko]) was established to celebrate the occasion.[18]
Suwon has experienced a number of administrative territory changes since the 1960s. In 1963, Suwon expanded greatly as 20 villages were incorporated from Hwaseong-gun.[41] In 1983, two more villages were acquired from Yongin.[42][18] In 1987, Suwon expanded westwards, acquiring another two villages from Hwaseong.[43][44][18]Gwonseon District and Paldal District were established in 1988.[18] It received more territory from Hwaseong and Yongin in 1994,[45][18] and again from Hwaseong in 1995.[18] It established Yeongtong District in 2003.[18]
In preparation for the construction of a new planned city Gwanggyo, there were two-way exchanges of land between Suwon and Yongin in 2007[46][47] and 2019.[48][49] Suwon's most recent land exchange occurred in 2020, when it swapped some land parcels with Hwaseong.[50]
Geography
Suwon lies in the north of the Gyeonggi plain, 30 km (19 mi) south of the national capital, Seoul. It is bordered by the cities of Uiwang to the north-west, Yongin to the east, Hwaseong to the south-west, and Ansan to the west.[51] Suwon is near the Yellow Sea coast: at its closest point, on the 239-metre (784 ft) Chilbosan ridge to the west, Suwon lies 18.2 km (11.3 mi) from Ueumdo[52] in Sihwa Lake, a coastal inlet cordoned off to drive the world's largest tidal power station.[53]
Geology and topography
Suwon is primarily composed of Precambrian metamorphic rock. It has amphibolites that intrude through these, and also granites from the Mesozoic Era.[54]
Most of Suwon is composed of biotite granite (Jbgr) from the Jurassic period. This granite is centred on Paldalsan. A form of Daebo granite, this rock is distributed through Homaesil-dong, Geumgok-dong, Dangsu-dong, Seryu-dong, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-dong, and other areas. Its main constituent minerals are quartz, plagioclase, orthotic, biotite, and amphibole.[54]
Precambrian biotite gneiss (PCEbgn) is found in northern Suwon, specifically Pajang-dong, Gwanggyo-dong, Woncheon-dong, and Maetan-dong. Visible rocks here are composed of quartz, feldspar, biotite, amphibole, and muscovite; and are generally dark grey or dark green. Mesozoic biotite granite intrudes through these.[54]
Precambrian quartzo-feldspathic gneiss (PCEqgn) is distributed in some mountainous areas in Hagwanggyo-dong and Sanggwanggyo-dong in northern Suwon. This gneiss has primarily undergone silicification, and is mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, biotite, and muscovite. It is grey, grey-brown, and white.[54]
Suwon's single tectonic fault splits from the Singal Fault in Iui-dong, creating the Woncheonri Stream. The stream follows the fault through Ha-dong, Woncheon-dong, and Maetan-dong till it joins the Hwangguji Stream in Annyeong-dong, Hwaseong. This is a 20 km-long vertical fault running SSW, eventually to the Yellow Sea. In Suwon, biotite gneiss and biotite granite are brought into contact by the fault.[54]
While the low-lying fault sits in the south of Suwon, the north is hillier: the city's highest point is Gwanggyosan (582 m (1,909 ft)) on the border with Yongin.[55]
Streams and lakes
Most of Suwon's streams originate on Gwanggyosan or other nearby peaks. Since the city is bounded to the north by Gwanggyosan, to the west by Chilbosan, and to the east by other hills, the streams, chiefly the Hwanggujicheon, Suwoncheon, Seohocheon, and Woncheollicheon, flow southwards.[56] After merging, they eventually empty into the Yellow Sea at Asan Bay. The entirety of Suwon is drained in this manner.[57]
Several of Suwon's streams feature lakes. Since there are few natural lakes on the Korean mainland,[58] Suwon's lakes are in fact small reservoirs. These 11 reservoirs are Chungmanje [ko], otherwise known as Seoho (서호) near Hwaseo Station;[59] Irwol Reservoir (일원 저수지) near Sungkyunkwan University; Bambat Reservoir (밤밭 저수지) near Sungkyunkwan University Station;[60]Manseokkeo [ko], otherwise known as Irwang Reservoir (일왕 저수지) in Manseok Park;[61] Pajang Reservoir (파장 저수지) near the North Suwon exit of the Yeongdong Expressway; Gwanggyo Reservoir [ko] (광교 저수지) and Hagwanggyo Reservoir (하광교 소류지) at the foot of Gwanggyosan; Woncheon and Sindae Reservoirs (원천 저수지, 신대 저수지) in Gwanggyo Lake Park; and Geumgok Reservoir (금곡 저수지), a small lake at the foot of Chilbosan. Irwang Reservoir (Manseokkeo) has been designated a world heritage site for irrigation.[62] Wangsong Reservoir (왕송 저수지), on the border with Uiwang, used to be partly in Suwon, but after controversial boundary changes, it is now entirely in Uiwang.[63]
The city is prone to occasional flooding: the 1998 flood caused the death of a US soldier,[65] and 145 mm (5.7 in) of rain fell in 24 hours in 2010.[66]
Climate data for Suwon (1991–2020 normals, 1964–2023 extremes)
The city is composed of four gu (districts).[16]Jangan District (장안구) and Gwonseon District (권선구) were established on 1 July 1988. On 1 February 1993, parts of Jangan District and Gwonseon District became a new district, Paldal District (팔달구). The newest district is Yeongtong District (영통구), which separated from Paldal District on 24 November 2003. These districts are in turn divided into 42 dong.[70]
Suwon has several new 'towns', e.g., Homaesil[71] and Gwanggyo. The latter is perhaps the most notable of these: the first stage of its construction was completed in 2011,[72] and today its district, Yeongtong District, has Gyeonggi Province's seventh most expensive housing.[73]
Demography
Suwon is 50.3% male (49.7% female), and 2.9% foreign. On average, there are 2.3 residents per household. Further details for each district are shown below (figures from 31 December 2023).[4]
Mireukdang (미륵당), a small shrine to Maitreya, is located in Pajang-dong. This has a religious basis fusing Buddhism and traditional local religions.[78][79]
Crime
Illegal dumping of household waste has been a problem in Suwon, and the city council has addressed this by increasing urban greenery. This approach appears to have reduced the scale of the problem.[80]
Suwon has 44 high schools, 57 middle schools, 100 primary schools, and 180 kindergartens.[83] Three schools are dedicated to special education: Jahye School (47 Subong-ro, Tap-dong),[84] Suwon Seokwang School (517 Jangan-ro, Imok-dong),[85] and Areum School (32 Gwanggyo-ro, Iui-dong).[86] Special education is also provided in some regular schools, e.g., Suwonbuk Middle School (37 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeonghwa-dong).[87] There is also a centre for lifelong learning at Kyemyung High School (88 Jangan-ro 496 beon-gil, Imok-dong),[88] and there are two international schools in the city: Gyeonggi Suwon International School[89] and Suwon Chinese International School (수원화교중정소학교; 水原華僑中正小學)[90]
Schools and kindergartens in Suwon
Gwonseon District
Jangan District
Paldal District
Yeongtong District
Total
Kindergarten
Public (dedicated k'gtn)
3
2
1
5
11
Public (in elem. sch.)
32
19
11
23
85
Private
29
21
10
24
84
Elementary school
Public
33
22
15
28
98
Private
0
0
0
2
2
Middle School
Public
13
13
5
20
51
Private
1
0
4
1
6
High School
Public
7
9
3
12
31
Private
2
3
8
0
13
Environment
Throughout South Korea, water management is a challenge.[91] Suwon is 11% self-sufficient in its use of water, and plans to increase this to 50% through rainwater harvesting, including building retention facilities; and by treating and reusing sewage.[92]
Air pollution in Suwon appears to be from a range of industrial and other sources, with origins of coarse particulate matter (PM10) shown in the pie chart.[93]
PM10 sources on the Suwon–Yongin border:
Soil (25.4%)
Secondary sulphate (produced in the atmosphere by photochemical processes acting on sulphuric compounds) (22.1%)
Industry and oil combustion (13.8%)
Secondary nitrate (produced by oxidation of some volatile organic compounds) (12.3%)
Diesel emissions (12.1%)
Gasoline emissions (5.6%)
Sodium-rich sources (5.6%)
Waste incineration (3.1%)
Industry
The largest employer in Suwon is Samsung Electronics, which was founded in the city in 1969.[94] Its headquarters remain in Suwon, located today with the company's large R&D complex in Maetan-dong. Samsung's presence in the city can be seen through its sponsorship of local sports teams such as Suwon Samsung Bluewings Football Club[95] and two of the oldest domestic basketball teams—Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx—both of which have since left Suwon.[96][97][98][99] Other major companies in Suwon include SK Chemical,[100]Samsung SDI,[101] and Samsung Electro-Mechanics.[102]
Hwaseong Fortress, built under the orders of King Jeongjo in 1796, is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[23] The entire city used to be encircled by the fortress walls,[103] but Suwon has long since expanded far beyond this boundary. There are four main gates in the walls,[23] and Haenggung Palace lies in the centre of the fortress.[104]
Hwaseong was built under the guidance of philosopher Jeong Yak-yong.[23] Workers were paid for their labour for one of the first times in Korea's history, corvée labour having been common previously.[105] Construction details were meticulously recorded in the text Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe (화성 성역 의궤).[106] This document was invaluable after the Korean War: reconstruction efforts from 1964 to the present day have relied heavily on this.[23]
Hwaseomun (West Gate)
Seojangdae
Banghwasuryujeong
Paldalmun (South Gate)
Hyanggyo
Suwon Hyanggyo (수원향교; 水原鄕校) was a government-run school and Confucian ceremonial centre during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. During the Joseon Dynasty, it was the largest and oldest state school in Gyeonggi Province.[107] The school was originally built in 1291 beside Hwasan in Wau-ri, Hwaseong-gun. It was moved to its current location at 107–9 Hyanggyo-ro, Gyo-dong around 1795, when Hwaseong Fortress was built.[108] The school houses memorial tablets to Confucius, Mencius, and 25 Korean figures noteworthy to Confucianism.[109] It is open to the public on weekdays from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m., but it is closed at weekends.[108]
Oesam Gate
Myeongnyundang (front)
Myeongnyundang (rear)
Daeseongjeon
Bugugwon
Bugugwon
Bugugwon (부국원), also known as Suwon Gu Bugugwon, built prior to 1923, is a cultural centre at 130 Hyanggyo-ro, Gyo-dong. There is no record of the 85.95 m2 building's construction, but exterior photographs were published in 1923.[110] Under Japanese rule, the building was the headquarters of Bugukwon Co., Ltd., which sold agricultural products such as fertilizers.[110] After liberation, from 1952 to 1956, it temporarily housed the Suwon Court and the Public Prosecutor's Office.[110] From 1957 to 1960, it was used as the Suwon City Education Support Office,[110] and in 1974 the Republican Party used it as their Gyeonggi Province base.[110] In 1979, the Suwon Arts Foundation was based here,[110] and in 1981 it became an internal medicine clinic.[110] Since 2018, it has been a public cultural space.[111]
Adams Memorial Hall
Adams Memorial Hall [ko] served as a focal point for the independence movement. The building was constructed in 1923 under Pastor William Noble with funding from various sources, including a church in the United States, Suwon Jongno Church, and local residents. Here, independence activists including Park Seon-tae and Lee Deuk-su met weekly to discuss their activities.[112]
As is typical of urban South Korea, Suwon has many apartment complexes. The city has been affected greatly by real estate price fluctuations,[113] and Yeongtong District's housing is the seventh most expensive in the province.[73]
Food
Suwon is known for Suwon galbi, a variation on beef ribs enjoyed throughout Korea.[114]
Since 2013, Suwon has been home to the professional baseball team KT Wiz. The team played at Sungkyunkwan University until Suwon Baseball Stadium remodelling was completed in time for their elevation to the KBO League in 2015.[118] The stadium was previously the home of the Hyundai Unicorns, who folded after the 2007 season.[119]
Two of the Korean Basketball League and Women's Korean Basketball League's oldest teams, Samsung Thunders and Samsung Life Blueminx respectively, used to be based in Suwon. Samsung Thunders relocated to Jamsil Arena in Seoul in 2001,[96][97] while four years later, Samsung Life moved to Yongin.[98][99] Top-flight men's basketball returned to Suwon in 2021, when KT Sonicboom relocated from Busan to the renamed Suwon KT Sonicboom Arena (formerly Seosuwon Chilbo Gymnasium).[120]
Suwon has two national museums. The National Map Museum of Korea houses a collection of 33,598 maps.[127] It is located at 92 Worldcup-ro, Woncheon-dong. Admission is free, and the museum opens daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.[127] Suwon's second national museum, the National Agricultural Museum of Korea, opened by Seoho Lake in December 2022.[128] It is located at 154 Suin-ro, Seodun-dong, admission is free, and it is open daily from 10 a.m. till 6 p.m.[129]
There are also a number of smaller museums in Suwon. For example, Suwon Hwaseong Museum, at 21 Changnyong-daero, Maehyang-dong, features exhibits contextualising and explaining the construction of Hwaseong.[130] Another smaller museum, Haewoojae, has gathered some international attention.[131] Built privately in 2007 at 463 Jangan-ro, Imok-dong, this museum is dedicated to the history of toilets.[131] Ownership of Haewoojae was transferred to the city council in 2009.[132]
Libraries
Suwon Central Library opened in 1980 at 318 Paldalsan-ro, Gyo-dong.[133][134] Today, the city has 27 public libraries: seven in Gwonseon District, five in Jangan District, six in Paldal District, and nine in Yeongtong District.[133] The council also plans to build another in Imok-dong.[135]
Parks and gardens
Irwol Arboretum greenhouse
Suwon has two municipal arboreta: Irwol Arboretum (일월 수목원) and Yeongheung Arboretum (영흥 수목원). These opened simultaneously on 19 May 2023 beside Irwol Reservoir and Yeongheung Park respectively.[136][137] The 10.15-hectare (25.1-acre) Irwol Arboretum features 429,000 plants of 52,000 species, while Yeongheung Arboretum hosts 118,000 plants of 42,000 species over 14.6 hectares (36 acres).[137] There are also 338 parks scattered through the city.[138] Some of these, e.g., Gwanggyo Lake Park, Seoho Park, Irwol Park, and Manseok Park, contain sizeable lakes.[139]
Manseok Park
Tomb of Simon (심온), Gwanggyo History Park
Street art
Haenggung-dong and Ji-dong in central Suwon are known for their murals,[140] while Haenggung-dong streets have a variety of other artistic features such as optical illusions.[141]
Media
Newspapers based in Suwon include the Kyeonggi Ilbo (경기일보) in Jangan District, and the Kyeongin Ilbo (경인일보) and Suwon Daily (수원일보) in Paldal District.[142]
National broadcaster KBS has a drama studio and art hall in Ingye-dong, Yeongtong District. These are open to visits by appointment.[143]
Cinemas
Suwon has several multiplex cinemas: three branches of CGV (in Ha-dong,[144] Ingye-dong,[144] and Jowon-dong[144]); four branches of Lotte Cinema (in Cheoncheon-dong,[145] Geumgok-dong,[145] Iui-dong,[145] and Seodun-dong[145]); and six branches of Megabox (in Gwonseon-dong,[146] Haenggung-dong,[146] Homaesil-dong,[146] Ingye-dong,[146] Jeongja-dong,[146] and Maesan-dong[146]). Other smaller cinemas, which may show fewer foreign films, include Cinema Town,[147] Taehan Theater,[147] Piccadilly Theater,[147] Jungang Theater,[147] Royal Theater,[147] Dano Theater,[147] and Dano Art Hall.[147]
Retail
Starfield
There are several major shopping centres across Suwon, e.g., AK Plaza and Lotte Mall at Suwon Station, and Avenue France[148] and Alleyway in Gwanggyo.[149] Another large centre, Starfield—incorporating its own library and a Megabox cinema—opened beside Hwaseo Station in January 2024.[150] Suwon Starfield is a shopping mall that bucks the trend and targets the younger MZ generation. Suwon Starfield also actively utilizes a pop-up store system that operates for a short period of time, allowing consumers to experience a variety of experiences.[151] The first pop-up for the popular game 'Brawl Stars' was held after opening.[152] In other branches, the warehouse-style discount store 'Traders' was established in a separate building from Starfield, but in Suwon, TRADERS is located in the basement of the Starfield building, making it more accessible to consumers.[153]
Avenue France
Library in Starfield
Public toilets
In the early 2000s, Suwon City Council strove to improve the condition of its public lavatories, and afterwards ran guided tours of the municipal facilities.[154][155] Suwon has hosted several international conferences on toilet management,[156] and the World Toilet Association is based in the city.[157]
Transport
Suwon Station
Suwon Station is served by KTX and other trains on the Gyeongbu Line connecting Seoul to Busan.[158] From 1930 till 1972, the Suryeo Line also connected Suwon to Yeoju,[159] and from 1937 to 1996, the Suin Line ran from Suwon to Incheon.[159] The Suin Line has since been reconstructed as part of the Seoul Metro.[159][160] Today, three Seoul Metro lines (14 stations) serve Suwon,[161] and there are plans for network expansion. Construction of an extension of the Sinbundang Line to Homaesil is scheduled to begin in 2024.[162] Another planned line—the Dongtan–Indeogwon Line—should create several new stations in Suwon, but this has been delayed, prompting affected cities to call for urgent action.[163]
Suwon is also served by two inter-city bus terminals with nationwide connections: Suwon Bus Terminal near Seryu Station,[164] and West Suwon Bus Terminal in Guun-dong.[165] Nevertheless, bus terminal passenger numbers are decreasing.[166] Suwon is also connected to Seoul and other nearby cities by city and express buses with departure points across the city.[167] In 2017, a new bank of bus stops opened at Suwon Station Transfer Center. This was built to alleviate pressure on existing bus and taxi stands across the tracks.[168] Another transfer centre is incorporated into Gwanggyo Jungang Station; this is underground, and bus stands feature screen doors.[169] Suwon has invested heavily in electric buses—in 2019, it built the country's largest bus charging station at 46 Gyeongsu-daero 1220beon-gil, Pajang-dong.[170]
Suwon is served by several expressways. The Yeongdong Expressway (50) passes through the city, with two exits within the city limits: North Suwon and East Suwon.[171] The Gwanggyo Sanghyeon exit on the Yongin–Seoul Expressway (171) is on Suwon's border with Yongin,[172] and the Pyeongtaek–Paju Expressway (17) also has an exit in Suwon (Geumgok).[173] The Suwon exit of the Gyeongbu Expressway (1) was renamed Suwon Singal in 2014 to reflect its actual location in Singal in neighbouring Yongin.[174]
Suwon has invested in ecological transport.[175] The city was the first place in Korea to introduce dockless public bicycles.[176] Traversing Suwon by bicycle is facilitated by numerous cycle paths beside the streams that cut through the city. In 2013, Suwon hosted the EcoMobility World Festival. For one month, streets in Haenggung-dong were closed to cars as a car-free experiment. Residents used non-motorized vehicles provided by the festival organizers.[177] The experiment was not unopposed.[178]
Military
Suwon Air Base in Jangji-dong, Gwonseon District was used by the United States Air Force during the Korean War, when it was the scene of the conflict's first aerial combat.[27] Today the base is under Republic of Korea Air Force jurisdiction, though it is still managed and maintained by the US military.[179] The US military also maintains Madison Site—a small signals unit with nearby helipad on Gwanggyosan.[180]
Fauna
While much of Suwon's wildlife can be expected to be similar to that in the surrounding province, two species are worth noting specifically in regard to the city. Firstly, an undisclosed location in Suwon appears to be Korea's first recorded breeding site of the white-breasted waterhen.[181] Secondly, the Suwon tree frog—one of three tree frogs to inhabit the Korean peninsula—[182][183] was discovered in Suwon around 1980, but due to urban sprawl it is no longer found in the city. It has, however, been found recently in Paju, Ansan, and Pyeongtaek (Gyeonggi Province); Eumseong (Chungcheongbuk-do); Gangwon-do; and North Korea.[184] The species is considered endangered.[185][182][183]
Notable people
Suwon was the birthplace of Choi Ru-baek [ko] (?–1205), famed for his filial piety,[186][187] and of his noble wife Yŏm Kyŏng-ae (염경애; 廉瓊愛, 1100–1146).[188] Also in ancient times, it was the home of Yi Ko (1341–1420), a Goryeo subject opposed to Joseon.[186] More recently, the eminent Silhak scholar and agricultural pioneer Woo Ha-yŏng [ko] (1741–1812) was born in the city[186]
Suwon was the birthplace of many independence activists during the Japanese colonial period. These include Im Myŏnsu (임면수; 林勉洙, 13 June 1874–29 November 1930),[186] Ch'a Injae (차인재; 車仁載, 1895–1971),[189][190]Kim Sehwan [ko] (1889–1945)[186]Kim Hyanghwa [ko] (1897–?),[191][186] Pak Sŏnt'ae (박선태; 朴善泰, 1901–1938),[186] Yi Sŏn'gyŏng (이선경; 李善卿, 1902–1921),[186] Ch'oe Munsun (최문순; 崔文順, 1903–?),[192] Kim Changsŏng (김장성; 金長星, 7 February 1913–9 March 1932),[186] and Hong Jong-cheol (홍종철; 洪鐘哲, 26 March 1920–22 July 1989).[186]
The influential feminist, painter, writer, poet, sculptor, and journalist Na Hye-sok (1896–1948) was also born in Suwon[193][186]
Artists from Suwon include Yoon Han-hŭm (윤한흠; 尹漢欽, 1923–22 August 2016).[194][195][196] and Kim Sung-bae (김성배; 金成培, 1954–).[197]
Classical musicians from Suwon include Han-na Chang (1982–, conductor, cellist),[204][205] Stella Hanbyul Jeung (정한별, opera singer),[206] and Seol Yoeun (설요은, 2012–, violinist).[207]
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Phytophthora Serangan Phytophthora porri pada daun prei Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukaryota Kerajaan: Chromalveolata Filum: Heterokontophyta Kelas: Oomycetes Ordo: Peronosporales Famili: Pythiaceae Genus: Phytophthora Spesies lihat teks Phytophthora (dari bentukan bahasa Yunani φυτόν (phytón), “tumbuhan” dan φθορά (phthorá), “kehancuran”; “penghancur tumbuhan”) adalah salah satu genus Oomycetes yang anggota-anggotanya banyak menjadi penyebab penyakit tanaman penting s...
Musician who plays multiple musical instruments This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Multi-instrumentalist – news · newspapers · books · scholar ...
Este artículo trata sobre la forma geométrica. Para el cubo que aparece en el Universo cinematográfico de Marvel también conocido como Teseracto, véase Cosmic Cube. Teseracto Diagrama de Schlegel Tipo Politopo regular Familia Hipercubo Celdas 8 {4,3} Caras 24 {4} Aristas 32 Vértices 16 Símbolo de Schläfli {4,3,3}{4,3}x{}{4}x{4}{4}x{}x{}{}x{}x{}x{} Diagrama de Coxeter-Dynkin Grupo de simetría B4, [3,3,4] Dual 16-celdas Figura de vértice (3.3.3) Propiedades Convexo, isogonal, isotoxal...
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This template was considered for deletion on 26 February 2005. The result of the discussion was keep. Canada: Ontario / Toronto / Communities Template‑class Canada portalThis template is within the scope of WikiProject Canada, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Canada on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.CanadaWikipedia:WikiProject CanadaTemplate:WikiProject CanadaCanada-r...
2000 South Korean filmDittoHangul동감Hanja同感Revised RomanizationDonggamMcCune–ReischauerTonggam Directed byKim Jung-kwonWritten byJang JinProduced by Lee Dong-kueon Jonathan Kim Starring Yoo Ji-tae Kim Ha-neul Park Yong-woo Ha Ji-won Kim Min-joo Shin Cheol-jin Distributed byHanmac FilmsRelease date May 27, 2000 (2000-05-27) Running time110 minutesCountrySouth KoreaLanguageKoreanBudgetUS$1,500,000 Ditto (Korean: 동감; RR: Donggam; lit. Sympathy or...
ZouDepartemenPeta menyoroti Departemen ZouNegara BeninIbukotaAbomeyLuas • Total5.106 km2 (1,971 sq mi)Populasi (2006) • Total639.296 • Kepadatan0,13/km2 (0,32/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (WAT) Zou adalah salah satu dari dua belas departemen di Benin. Zou dibagi ke dalam komunitas Abomey, Agbangnizoun, Bohicon, Cové, Djidja, Ouinhi, Za-Kpota, Zangnanado, dan Zogbodomey. Komunitas di Zou lbsDepartemen di Benin Alibori Atakora Atlantiq...
Building in Manhattan, New York 40°45′0.55″N 73°59′17.3″W / 40.7501528°N 73.988139°W / 40.7501528; -73.988139 The building, upper floors covered with Macy's billboard, in 2010 The building, fully visible, in 1907 The Million Dollar Corner is a small building next to Macy's Herald Square at 1313 Broadway, at the corner with 34th Street, in Herald Square, Manhattan, New York City. On December 6, 1911, the five-story building sold for a then-record $1 million ...
Transeuropa FerriesIndustryFreight and passenger transportationPredecessorSally LineFounded21 November 1998Defunct25 April 2013FateBankruptHeadquartersOstend, BelgiumArea servedEnglish ChannelParentTranseuropa Shipping Lines d.o.o.Websitewww.transeuropaferries.com Transeuropa ferry Oleander approaching Ostend on 2 August 2005. Transeuropa ferry Larkspur leaving Ostend in 2006 Transeuropa ferry Eurovoyager leaving Ostend in August 2005 Ferry Ostend Spirit (formerly Pride of Calais) in the harb...
National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina Kozara National ParkIUCN category II (national park)Location Bosnia and HerzegovinaNearest cityPrijedorCoordinates45°00′30″N 16°53′30″E / 45.00833°N 16.89167°E / 45.00833; 16.89167Area39.08 km2 (15.09 sq mi)[1]Established6 April 1967[2]Governing bodyhttp://www.npkozara.com/ Kozara National Park (Serbo-Croatian: Национални парк Козара, Nacionalni park Ko...
Mountain in Washington (state), United States Windy PeakWindy Peak from Horseshoe BasinHighest pointElevation8,333 ft (2,540 m)[1]Prominence1,771 ft (540 m)[1]ListingWashington major summits 36thCoordinates48°57′41″N 119°58′14″W / 48.961526°N 119.97057°W / 48.961526; -119.97057[1]GeographyWindy PeakLocation of Windy Peak in WashingtonShow map of Washington (state)Windy PeakWindy Peak (the United States)Show m...
For other literature, see Animal (disambiguation). Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to The World's WildLife The cover to the book.AuthorDavid BurnieLanguageEnglishSubjectAnimalsGenreNaturePublisherKayla MoreyPublication dateOctober 4, 2001ISBN0-7513-3427-8 Animal is a non-fiction coffee table book edited by David Burnie, who was the main-editor, and several co-authors. The full title of the book is: Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to The World's WildLife. The 624-page book was publishe...
1937 film by Alfred Hitchcock Young and InnocentTheatrical release posterDirected byAlfred HitchcockWritten by Gerald Savory (dialogue) Alma Reville (continuity) Screenplay by Charles Bennett Edwin Greenwood Anthony Armstrong Based onA Shilling for Candles1936 novelby Josephine Tey[1]Produced byEdward Black (uncredited)Starring Nova Pilbeam Derrick De Marney CinematographyBernard KnowlesEdited byCharles FrendMusic by Jack Beaver (uncredited) Louis Levy (uncredited) ProductioncompanyGa...
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.JenisPublikKode emitenNYSE: CMGS&P 500 ComponentIndustriSantai cepatDidirikan13 Juli 1993; 30 tahun lalu (1993-07-13)[1]PendiriSteve EllsKantorpusatNewport Beach, California, U.S.Cabang 2,622 (2019)[2]Wilayah operasiAmerika Serikat, Kanada, Inggris, Jerman, PrancisTokohkunciSteve Ells (Ketua Eksekutif)Brian Niccol (CEO)Mark Crumpacker (Direktur Pemasaran dan Pengembangan)Jack R. Hartung (Kepala Bagian Keuangan)Pendapatan US$5.586 Milia...
Statue in Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S. Sacred Heart of Jesus statueThe statue in 2023LocationNotre Dame, Indiana, U.S.Coordinates41°42′6.5″N 86°14′20.1″W / 41.701806°N 86.238917°W / 41.701806; -86.238917 The Sacred Heart of Jesus statue is installed on the University of Notre Dame campus, in Notre Dame, Indiana.[1] Description and history The statue represents the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was sculpted by Robert Cassiani and dedicated during the 1893 c...
هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجعها محرر؛ إذا لزم الأمر فيجب أن توسم المقالة بقوالب الصيانة المناسبة. يمكن أيضاً تقديم طلب لمراجعة المقالة في الصفحة المخصصة لذلك. (نوفمبر 2022) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة �...
Australian rules footballer, born 1965 For the English cricketer, see Mark Harvey (cricketer). For the museum scientist and biologist, see Mark Harvey (arachnologist). Australian rules footballer Mark Harvey Harvey in June 2017Personal informationFull name Mark HarveyDate of birth (1965-06-11) 11 June 1965 (age 59)Original team(s) Keilor (EDFL)Height 184 cm (6 ft 0 in)Weight 88 kg (194 lb)Playing career1Years Club Games (Goals)1984–1997 Essendon 206 (170)R...
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