Silver nitrite

Silver nitrite

Silver nitrite
Names
IUPAC name Silver(I) nitrite
Other names Argentous nitrite
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-99-5^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	141361^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.128
EC Number	232-041-7
PubChem CID	160904
UNII	T3MZ57OGIF^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00884428
InChI InChI=1S/Ag.HNO2/c;2-1-3/h;(H,2,3)/q+1;/p-1 Key: KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES N(=O)[O-].[Ag+]
Properties
Chemical formula	AgNO2
Molar mass	153.87 g/mol
Appearance	colorless to yellow crystals
Melting point	140 °C (284 °F; 413 K)
Solubility in water	0.155 g/100 mL (0 °C) 0.275 g/100 mL (15 °C) 1.363 g/100 mL (60 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−42.0·10^−6 cm^3/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:[1]
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H272, H302, H315, H319, H400
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 2
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Sigma-Aldrich
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Silver nitrite is an inorganic compound with the formula AgNO₂.^[2]

Applications

Silver nitrite has many applications. Notable examples include:

• The production of aniline compounds.
• General oxidizing agent.
• Victor Meyer type nucleophilic substitution reactions with organobromides or organoiodides forming nitro compounds.^[3]
• Nitroalkene synthesis with nitryl iodide generated in-situ from silver nitrite and elemental iodine.^[4]
• 1,2,3-Benzothiadiazoles synthesis via skeletal editing (S,N-heteroarene ring transformation) of variously functionalized 2-halobenzothiazoles and benzothiazolinones^[5]

Production

Silver nitrite is produced from the reaction between silver nitrate and an alkali nitrite, such as sodium nitrite.^[3] Silver nitrite is much less soluble in water than silver nitrate, and a solution of silver nitrate will readily precipitate silver nitrite upon addition of sodium nitrite:

AgNO_{3 (aq)} + NaNO_{2 (s)} → NaNO_{3 (aq)} + AgNO_{2 (precipitate)}

Alternatively, it can be produced by the reaction between silver sulfate and barium nitrite.

References

1. "Silver nitrite". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
2. American elements
3. Kornblum, N.; Ungnade, H. E. (1958). "1-Nitroöctane (Octane, 1-nitro-)" (PDF). Organic Syntheses. 38: 75. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
4. Waldman, Steve; Monte, Aaron, Monte; Bracey, Ann & Nichols, David (1996). "One-pot Claisen rearrangement/O-methylation/alkene isomerization in the synthesis of ortho-methoxylated phenylisopropylamines". Tetrahedron Letters. 37 (44): 7889–7892. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01807-2.
5. Nociarova, Jela; Purkait, Anisha; Gyepes, Robert; Hrobarik, Peter (2024). "Silver-Catalyzed Skeletal Editing of Benzothiazol-2(3H)-ones and 2-Halogen-Substituted Benzothiazoles as a Rapid Single-Step Approach to Benzo[1,2,3]Thiadiazoles". Organic Letters. 26: 619–624.