Second Benazir Bhutto government

Second Benazir Bhutto Government
29th Cabinet of Pakistan
1993–1996
Date formed	19 October 1993
Date dissolved	5 November 1996
People and organisations
President of Pakistan	Farooq Leghari
Chief of Army Staff	Abdul Waheed Kakar (1993–1995) Jehangir Karamat (1996–1998)
Prime Minister of Pakistan	Benazir Bhutto
Prime Minister of Pakistan's history	2nd Premiership of Benazir Bhutto (1993–1996)
DG-Interservice Intelligence	Javed Ashraf Qazi (1993–1995) Naseem Rana (1996–1998)
Total no. of members	40 (incl. Prime Minister)
Member party	PPP   ANP   PML(J)
Status in legislature	Coalition (Plurality)
Opposition party	PML(N)
Opposition leader	Nawaz Sharif
History
Election	1993 general elections
Legislature terms	10th National Assembly (1993–1996)
Advice and consent	Parliament of Pakistan National Assembly Senate of Pakistan
Incoming formation	Qureshi caretaker government
Outgoing formation	Khalid caretaker government
Predecessor	First Nawaz Sharif government
Successor	Second Nawaz Sharif government

The Second Benazir Bhutto government was formed on 19 October 1993,^[1] following general elections the same month and dissolved on 5 November 1996 by President Farooq Leghari.^[2]: 118 During the beginning of her second term Benazir Bhutto entered into a much stronger government than in her first term and had greater experience in administration and civil-military relations.^[3][4][5] This owing to Peoples Parties governments in Sindh, NWFP (with the ANP) and Punjab (with PML-Jinnah),^[6] the election of PPP "loyalist" Farooq Leghari to the presidency,^[7] and greater relations with the Army under COAS Abdul Waheed Kakar and DG-ISI Javed Ashraf Qazi, who provided a conduit between the Army Chief and Prime Minister,^[4] as Benazir Bhutto respected the army's internal affairs and autonomy in her second term to avoid conflict.^[3] However, the government's stability suffered from economic mismanagement, growing instances of ethno-sectarian violence, increasing deadlock with the opposition PML(N), an antagonized upper-judiciary after Bhutto tried to "pack" the High Courts and later a political conflict with the President.^[8] The Army (now under Gen Jehangir Karamat) which previously remained neutral became concerned over the "fast deteriorating" economic and law-and-order situation, submitting the President a report warning of "economic disaster".

The last straw came in September 1996 when Bhutto's brother, Murtaza was assassinated following tensions between the two. By mid-October, senior military officials no longer believed the government had the required competence, and therefore supported Farooq Leghari in the political conflict between President and Prime Minister.^[9] Prior to this Farooq Leghari had already met with Nawaz Sharif and discussed the dismissal of the government. Confident in military support and to pre-empt a PPP-PML(J) vote of no confidence in Punjab,^[a] as well as due to economic conditions the President dismissed the government of Benazir Bhutto on 5 November 1996.^[11][12]

History

Further information: Benazir_Bhutto § Second_term_as_Prime_Minister

Federal Cabinet

Heads of State and Government

President of Pakistan		Prime Minister of Pakistan
Farooq Leghari 1993–1997			Benazir Bhutto 1993–1996

Cabinet Composition

← Benazir II Government → (19 October 1993 – 5 November 1996)
Sr. No.	Name	Portfolio	Party		Term Start	Term End	Ref.
Federal Ministers
1	Farooq Leghari	Foreign Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	19 October 1993	11 November 1993	[13]
2	Aftab Shaban Mirani	Defence		Pakistan Peoples Party	19 October 1993	5 November 1996
3	Sher Afgan Khan Niazi	Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs		Independent	21 October 1993	16 November 1993
		Social Welfare & Spl. Education			16 November 1993	5 October 1996
		Human Rights			28 October 1996	5 October 1996
4	Maj-Gen (R) N. Babar	Interior, Narcotics Control, & Federal Investigation		Pakistan Peoples Party	21 October 1993	5 October 1996
5	Brig (R) M. Asghar	Industries & Production		Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah)	21 October 1993	5 October 1996
6	Afzal Khan Lala	SAFRON		Awami National Party	21 October 1993	27 October 1993
		MKANA			27 October 1993	5 October 1996
7	Aseff Ahmad Daula	Foreign Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	16 November 1993	5 October 1996
8	Syed Iqbal Haider	Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	16 November 1993	20 December 1994
9	Ameen Faheem	Housing and Works		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
10	Anwar Saifullah Khan	Petroleum and Natural Resources		Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo)	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
11	Ghulam Mustafa Khar	Water and Power		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
12	Ahmad Mukhtar	Commerce		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
13	Khalid Ahmad Kharal	Information and Broadcasting		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
14	Khurshed Ahmad Shah	Education		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
15	Nawab Yousuf Talpur	Food, Agriculture & Livestock		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
16	Julius Salik	Population Welfare		Independent	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
17	Prof. N. D. Khan	Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs		Independent	20 December 1994	5 October 1996
18	Abdul Qadir Shah Jillani	Minister without portfolio		Pakistan Peoples Party	20 December 1994	5 October 1996
19	Arbab M. Jehangir Khan	Narcotics Control		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
20	Rao Sikandar Iqbal	Sports and Tourism		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
21	M. Nawaz Khokhar	Science and Technology		Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)	31 July 1996	5 October 1996
22	Jehangir Bader	Political Affairs & Religious Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	31 July 1996	5 October 1996
23	Ch. Abdul Sattar Viryo	Industries		Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah)	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
24	Iqbal Haider	Human Rights		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	28 October 1996
25	Asif Ali Zardari	Investment		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
26	Naveed Qamar	Privatization		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
		Finance			28 October 1996	5 October 1996
Ministers of State
1	Ahmad Mukhtar	Commerce		Pakistan Peoples Party	21 October 1993	26 January 1994	[13]
2	Ghulam Akbar Lasi	Labour and Manpower		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
3	Makhdoom Shahabuddin	Finance		Pakistan Peoples Party	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
4	Abdul Qayum Khan Jatoi	States and Frontier Regions		Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)	26 January 1994	5 October 1996
5	Raza Rabbani	Law and Justice		Pakistan Peoples Party	20 December 1994	5 October 1996
6	Shah Mahmood Qureshi	Parliamentary Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	20 December 1994	5 October 1996
7	Muhammad Ayub Khan	Local Government & Rural Development		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
8	Muhammad Ayub Jattak	Food		Baloch National Movement (M)	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
9	Muhammad Nazeer Sultan	Foreign Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
10	Nauraiz Shakoor Khan	Youth Affairs		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
11	Muhammad Nasir Baig	Sports		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
12	M. Afaque Khan Shahid	Works		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996
13	Manzoor Hussain Wassan	Water		Pakistan Peoples Party	1 August 1996	5 October 1996

See also

• Benazir Bhutto
• Farooq Leghari
• History of Pakistan (1947–present)
• Government of Pakistan
• Cabinet of Pakistan
• List of prime ministers of Pakistan
• 1993 Pakistani general election
• 1993 in Pakistan

Notes

1. Against CM Manzoor Wattoo of the PML(Jinnah) who previously broke with the PPP and came into political conflict with the Bhutto government, leading to his dismissal by the governor of Punjab for 'corruption, nepotism and violation of the PPP-PML(J) manifesto.' Leading to another PPP-PML(J) coalition being established under Sardar Arif Nakai. Wattoo lodged an appeal to the Lahore High Court, which later restored his government two days before the dismissal of the second Benazir Bhutto administration.^[10]

References

1. Partner, Media Group | Publishing (2017-10-28). "Special Report: Daughter of the East 1988-1990/1993-1996". DAWN.COM. From Dawn's archives. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
2. LaPorte, Robert (1997). "Pakistan in 1996: Starting Over Again". Asian Survey. 37 (2): 118–125. doi:10.2307/2645477. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645477.
3. Rizvi 2000, p. 220.
4. Nawaz 2009, p. 474.
5. Ziring 2005, p. 233-234.
6. Khan 2017, p. 425-426.
7. Cloughley 2016, p. 185.
8. Rizvi 2000, p. 221-224.
9. Rizvi 2000, p. 224-225.
10. Talbot 2010, p. 344-345, 349.
11. Talbot 2010, p. 348-349.
12. Nawaz 2009, p. 486.
13. "2nd Term Federal Cabinet under the Premiership Of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto: FROM 19. 10. 1993 TO 5. 11. 1996" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat (Pakistan).

Bibliography

• Rizvi, Hasan-Askari (September 1, 2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan (2000th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312231934.
• Cloughley, Brian (January 5, 2016). A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections (5th ed.). Carrel Books. ISBN 978-1631440380.
• Ziring, Lawrence (September 5, 2005). Pakistan: At the Crosscurrent of History. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851683949.
• Nawaz, Shuja (October 11, 2009). Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195476972.
• Khan, Hamid (2017). Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199407828.
• Talbot, Ian (January 15, 2010). Pakistan: A Modern History (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230623040.