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Sde Eliyahu
Sde Eliyahu
	Sde Eliyahu
	Coordinates: 32°26′25″N 35°30′54″E / 32.44028°N 35.51500°E
Country	Israel
District	Northern
Council	Valley of Springs
Affiliation	Religious Kibbutz Movement
Founded	8 May 1939
Founded by	German Jewish refugees
Population (2022)	703
Website	www.seliyahu.org.il

Sde Eliyahu (Hebrew: שְׂדֵה אֵלִיָּהוּ, lit. Eliyahu Field) is a religious kibbutz in northern Israel. Located five kilometres south of Beit She'an, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 703.^[1]

History

Sde Eliyahu was founded on 8 May 1939 by Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany as a tower and stockade settlement. It was named after the 19th-century Rabbi Eliyahu Guttmacher, one of the early leaders of Religious Zionism. It was part of a cluster of religious kibbutzim that includes Ein HaNatziv, Shluhot and Tirat Zvi.^[2]

After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Sde Eliyahu began to farm the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Arab al-'Arida.^[3]

Economy

The kibbutz produces dates, olives, grapes, pomegranates, spices and field crops, as well as dairy cattle and poultry. Organic farming methods and non-pesticide management are used.

BioBee was established in 1983 as the Sde Eliyahu Biological Control Insectaries.^[4] The company mass-breeds and sells insects that are natural enemies of pests, sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly for pest control using the sterile insect technique, and bumblebees for pollination in greenhouses and open farmfields.^[5] In 2021, BioBee's use of persimilis, a predatory mite, to replace chemical pesticides, won the Bernard Blum Award from the International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association in Basel, which named it the leading biocontrol solution of the year.^[6]

Education

"Shaked" is a regional religious school located on the kibbutz. The kibbutz also operates a beit midrash, an ulpan and a volunteer program; Students work three days a week and study three days a week, and are provided with their own dormitories, break room, and living area.

Climate

Climate data for Sde Eliyahu (1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	25.2 (77.4)	31.2 (88.2)	37.6 (99.7)	43.5 (110.3)	45.4 (113.7)	47.5 (117.5)	47.2 (117.0)	46.7 (116.1)	46.0 (114.8)	43.4 (110.1)	35.3 (95.5)	28.8 (83.8)	47.5 (117.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	18.4 (65.1)	19.9 (67.8)	24.0 (75.2)	29.0 (84.2)	33.7 (92.7)	36.5 (97.7)	38.2 (100.8)	38.3 (100.9)	36.6 (97.9)	32.9 (91.2)	26.1 (79.0)	20.3 (68.5)	29.5 (85.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	13.1 (55.6)	14.0 (57.2)	17.1 (62.8)	21.2 (70.2)	25.4 (77.7)	28.4 (83.1)	30.6 (87.1)	31.1 (88.0)	29.3 (84.7)	25.9 (78.6)	19.9 (67.8)	14.9 (58.8)	22.6 (72.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	7.8 (46.0)	8.1 (46.6)	10.2 (50.4)	13.3 (55.9)	17.1 (62.8)	20.2 (68.4)	22.9 (73.2)	23.8 (74.8)	21.9 (71.4)	18.9 (66.0)	13.7 (56.7)	9.5 (49.1)	15.6 (60.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−3.0 (26.6)	−0.6 (30.9)	1.9 (35.4)	−0.3 (31.5)	9.2 (48.6)	13.1 (55.6)	17.6 (63.7)	18.5 (65.3)	13.2 (55.8)	10.8 (51.4)	1.9 (35.4)	0.2 (32.4)	−3.0 (26.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	68.7 (2.70)	57.2 (2.25)	30.6 (1.20)	13.3 (0.52)	5.5 (0.22)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.01)	12.8 (0.50)	31.3 (1.23)	61.4 (2.42)	281.1 (11.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	8.6	7.4	4.5	2.1	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.9	4.1	6.7	36.3
Source: NOAA^[7]