Scomber

Scomber Temporal range: 33.9–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Oligocene to Present[1]
Scomber scombrus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scombriformes
Family:	Scombridae
Tribe:	Scombrini
Genus:	Scomber Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758

Scomber is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Scombridae living in the open ocean found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.^[2] The genus Scomber and the genus Rastrelliger comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels". These fishes have an elongated body, highly streamlined, muscular and agile. The eyes are large, the head is elongated, with a big mouth provided with teeth. They have two triangular dorsal fins, with some stabilizing fins along the caudal peduncle. The basic color is blue-green with a silvery white belly and a darker back, usually black mottled.

Species

There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:

• Scomber australasicus G. Cuvier, 1832 (Blue mackerel)
• Scomber colias J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (Atlantic chub mackerel)
• Scomber indicus E. M. Abdussamad, Sukumaran & Ratheesh, 2016 (Indian chub mackerel) ^[3]
• Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Chub mackerel)
• Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel)

Fossil record

Fossils of this genus are found from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene (33.9 to 1.806 million years ago). They are known from various localities of Germany, Italy, Romania, Japan and Mexico.^[4] Fossil species include:

• S. collettei (Bannikov and Erebakan, 2022) from the lowermost Middle Miocene of the Krasnodar Region.^[5]
• S. cubanicus (Danil'chenko 1960) from the Upper Oligocene of Krasnodar Territory.^[6]
• S. voitestii (Pauca 1929) from the Middle Oligocene of the Carpathian Menilite slates.^[7]
• S. sp. from the Middle-Upper Miocene of the Kurasi Formation on Sakhalin.^[8]

References

1. Sepkoski, J. J. Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Scomber". FishBase. June 2016 version.
3. Abdussamad, E.M., Sukumaran, S., Ratheesh, A.K.O., Koya, K.M., Koya, K.P.S., Rohit, P., Reader, S., Akhilesh, K.V. & Gopalakrishnan, A. (2016): Scomber indicus, a new species of mackerel (Scombridae: Scombrini) from Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 63 (3): 1-10.
4. Paleobiology Database: Fossilworks: Scomber Linnaeus, 1758.
5. Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2022-10-01). "A New Species of Mackerel (Scomber, Scombroidei) from the Tarkhanian (Lowermost Middle Miocene) of the Northwestern Caucasus". Paleontological Journal. 56 (5): 574–582. doi:10.1134/S0031030122050057. ISSN 1555-6174. S2CID 252717563.
6. Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] pp. 161–163.
7. Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] p. 185.
8. Nazarkin, M.V.; Bannikov, A.F. (2014-06-25). "Fossil mackerel (Actinopterygii: Scombridae: Scomber) from the Neogene of South-Western Sakhalin, Russia". Zoosystematica Rossica. 23 (1): 158–163. doi:10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.158. ISSN 2410-0226.