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Schönau
Schönau
Town
	Old post office
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Schönau within Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district
	Schönau Schönau
	Coordinates: 49°26′08″N 08°48′33″E / 49.43556°N 8.80917°E
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Karlsruhe
District	Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Government
• Mayor (2019–27)	Matthias Frick
Area
• Total	22.49 km2 (8.68 sq mi)
Elevation	180 m (590 ft)
Population (2022-12-31)
• Total	4,449
• Density	200/km2 (510/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	69250
Dialling codes	06228
Vehicle registration	HD
Website	www.stadt-schoenau.de

Schönau is a city with approximately 4400 inhabitants in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Odenwald hills, 10 km northeast of Heidelberg. Schönau Abbey is located here.

Geography

Schönau lies on the southern slope of the Odenwald hills, in the valley of the River Steinach, a tributary of the Neckar River.

Neighbouring Communities

The city is bordered to the north by Heiligkreuzsteinach, by Heddesbach to the northeast, by Hirschhorn to the east, Neckarsteinach and Neckargemünd to the south, and Wilhelmsfeld and Heidelberg to the west.

City structure

The city Schönau belongs to the former municipality Altneudorf (German: combination of the words "old", "new" and "village"), which was created by the conglomeration of the villages Oberdorf and Unterdorf. On 8 May 1975 when municipal reform updated the city's zoning, Schönau's borders came to include Bei Altneudorf, Landheim Lessingschule (Lochmühle), Lindenbach and the houses of Hasselbacherhof. Additionally, the deserted village Bauerländerhof lies within its designated limits.^[3]

History

Schönau

Schönau was first historically documented with the founding of the Schönau Abbey by the Prince-Bishopric of Worms in 1142. The monastery came under the patronage of the Electoral Palatinate in the 12th century and became a House monastery, abode and burial place of the Counts Palatine of the Rhine. In the Reformation, the Palatinate converted to Protestantism, until 1558 when Elector Palatine Otto Henry was succeeded by a secular caretaker and the monks were expelled. In 1562 with the arrival of 35 Calvinism refugee families from Wallonia, the dwelling rights were passed on to Die Evangelische Stiftung Pflege Schonau[1] (German: The Evangelical Trust for the Care of Schönau) and the monastery grounds were converted to residential purposes. The immigrants brought their craft, mainly weaving and dyeing, into the rural environment.

Schönau was first designated a city in 1600. At the beginning of the 19th century, Schönau was part of Baden. In 1900, the city had approximately 2000 inhabitants. In 1935 Schönau's city designation was revoked, but reissued in 1956. After World War II the city took in 553 refugees, increasing the population to 3035 in 1947.

The ornithologist Christian Ludwig Brehm was born in Schönau in 1787.

Altneudorf

The first mention of Altneudorf appears in 1316 as "Nuendorf". The settlement was created by the Strahlenberg dynasty from Waldeck in approximately the 13th century. From 1357 it was associated with their castle's domain, until 1803 when the settlement was allocated to Baden upon dissolution. Beginning in the 18th century, the name "Neudorf" came into usage in order to differentiate the area as a separate entity to Wilhelmsfeld.^[4] Although the region had its own district and assets, it belonged politically to Heiligkreuzsteinach until independence in 1844.

Incorporation

The city in its present form was created as part of municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg (Gebietsreform in Baden-Württemberg [de]) through the unification of Schönau and Altneudorf on 9 May 1975.

Population over time^[5]
Year	1727	1818	1852	1905	1939	1950	1961	1970	1975	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
Altneudorf	116	302	501	487	581	765	807	1163
Schönau	470	1163	1974	2056	2104	3031	3271	3357
Combined	586	1465	2475	2543	2685	3796	4078	4520	4381	4524	4619	4786	4793	4526	4370

References

^ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 14 September 2021.
^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
^ Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band V: Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe [The State Baden-Württemberg. Official description by districts and municipalities. Volume 5: government district Karlsruhe]. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag. 1976. pp. 396–397. ISBN 3-17-002542-2.
^ Gomille, Harald (2004). Wilhelmsfeld. Die Geschichte der Gemeinde [Wilhelmsfeld: the history of the community]. p. 23.
^ Kreisbeschreibung Band 2. Einwohnerzahlen bis 1950. Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemburg. pp. 373/902.