Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii

Ravine orchid
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (EPBC Act)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Genus:	Sarcochilus
Species:	S. fitzgeraldii
Binomial name
Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii F.Muell.[2]
Synonyms[2]
Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii var. albus W.Schmidt Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii var. aemulus Rupp Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii f. aemulus (Rupp) M.Wolff & O.Gruss Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii f. albus (W.Schmidt) M.Wolff & O.Gruss

Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii, commonly known as the ravine orchid,^[3] is a lithophytic orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It forms large clumps with between four and eight dark green, linear leaves and up to fifteen white flowers with crimson spots near the centre.

Description

Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii is a lithophytic herb with stems 200–500 mm (7.9–20 in) long and which forms large clumps on rocks. It has between four and eight dark green, linear leaves 100–200 mm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide. Between four and fifteen white flowers with many crimson spots near the centre, 25–30 mm (0.98–1.2 in) long and wide are arranged on an arching flowering stem 100–250 mm (3.9–9.8 in) long. The sepal and petals are 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) long and 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) wide, the dorsal sepal slightly shorter and narrower than the lateral sepals and the petals narrower than both. The labellum is thick and waxy, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 7 mm (0.28 in) wide and has three lobes. The side lobes are erect and the middle lobe is short and fleshy. Flowering occurs between October and November.^[3][4][1][5]

Taxonomy and naming

Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii was first formally described in 1870 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from a specimen collected near the Bellinger River by Robert Fitzgerald.^[6][7] The specific epithet (fitzgeraldii) honours the collector of the type specimen.^[7]

Distribution and habitat

The ravine orchid usually grows on rocks in dense rainforest or in shady gorges and ravines but sometimes also on the base of fibrous-barked trees. It is found between Maleny in south-east Queensland and the Macleay River in New South Wales.^[3][4]

Conservation

This orchid is class as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threat to the species is illegal collecting. It was formerly an abundant species but has suffered from over-collecting.^[3][1][5]

References

1. "Approved Conservation Advice for Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii (Ravine Orchid)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
2. "Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
3. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 447–448. ISBN 978-1877069123.
4. Weston, Peter H. "Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
5. "Ravine Orchid - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
6. "Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii". APNI. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
7. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1870). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 7. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. p. 115. Retrieved 4 January 2019.