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Saad-Al'Din Köpek
Saad-Al'Din Köpek
	A portrait of Sa'd al-Din Köpek
Died	1238
Cause of death	Decapitation
Burial place	Ilgın, Konya
Nationality	Seljuk
Occupation(s)	Vizier ; Court administrator
Known for	Attempt to become the Sultan of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum

Sa’d al-Din Köpek (Arabic: سعد الدين كوبك بن محمد, Sa’d al-Dīn Kobek bin Muhammad; Turkish: Sadettin Köpek, died 1238^[1]) was a court administrator under two 13th century Seljuq Sultans of Rum and is known for his indirect role in the subjugation of the Sultanate of Rum by the Mongol Empire due to his disloyalty and aim for greater power during the turbulent 13th century in Anatolia.

He served as Master of the Hunt and Minister of Works under Kayqubad I and, after in the latter capacity, supervised the construction of Kubadabad Palace on the shore of Lake Beyşehir.^[2]

Biography

Köpek, as an advisor to Kayqubad's successor Kaykhusraw II, grew his influence considerably. His first aim was to secure the reign of the new sultan. He had Kaykhusraw's two half-brothers strangled along with their mother, an Ayyubid princess, but he did not become successful, was later killed by Husam al-Din Qaraja,^[3] and was hanged on the Seljuk palace walls for treason. It was also known that he wanted the throne of Seljuq and had made his connections with Mongols. He also had a clash with Ertugrul (father of Osman I) of the Kayis. Köpek wanted to kill Ertugrul to make his path clear, but he failed to do so and was held in Seljuk court, where Ertugrul and Husam Al-din Qaraja were the only two who pointed fingers on his loyality. He suspected the loyalty of the Khwarezmians, the remnant followers of Jalal al-Din Manguberti whom Kayqubad had installed in various Anatolian fortresses, and had their leader, a certain Kirkhan, imprisoned. The Khwarezmians abandoned their posts and fled to Diyar Mudar, where they applied to the Ayyubids for work as mercenaries. Köpek's suspicion deprived the sultanate of seasoned soldiers at a time of external threat and internal instability.

A caravanserai built by Sa’d al-Din Köpek from 1235 to 1237^[4] survives about 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Konya on the road to Aksaray.^[5] Known as Zazadin Han, the caravanserai bears two inscriptions: one naming Köpek as founder and dated 1235–36, the other indicating the patronage of both Kayqubad I and Kaykhusraw II.

In popular culture

In the Turkish television series, Diriliş: Ertuğrul, Sa’d al-Din Köpek is portrayed by Turkish actor, Murat Garipağaoğlu.^[6] In the series, Sa’d al-Din Köpek's name is in Turkish, as The Amir Sadettin Köpek, and is shown as a traitor and is eventually beheaded by the protagonist, Ertuğrul.

References

^ ^a ^b Yildiz, Sara Nur (2013). "The rise and fall of a tyrant in Seljuk Anatolia: Sa'd al-Din Köpek's reign of terror, 1237-8". In Robert Hillenbrand; A.C.S. Peacock; Firuza Abdullaeva (eds.). Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran: Art, Literature and Culture from Early Islam to Qajar Persia. Bloomsbury. pp. 92–101. ISBN 1786724650. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
^ H. Crane "Notes on Saldjūq Architectural Patronage in Thirteenth-Century Anatolia," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, v. 36, n. 1 (1993), p. 43.
^ "Is Diriliş: Ertuğrul Historically Accurate? (Part 3 - The Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate)". Ammar ibn Aziz Ahmed. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
^ Branning, Katharine. "Zazadin Han". The Seljuk Han of Anatolia. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
^ Dogan, Abdullah (9 August 2019). "Turkey: Ancient caravansary opens doors to tourism". aa.com.tr. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ "Meet Turkish actor who played Sadettin Köpek in 'Ertugrul'". Geo News. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

Sources

Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330 (Taplinger: New York 1968), 133–34.
Carole Hillenbrand, “Sa’d al-Dīn Köpek b. Muhammad” Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. by P. Bearman, et al. (Brill 2007).
Sâdeddin Köpek(in Turkish) — An article published in the 35th Volume of TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, pp. 392–393, in Istanbul (2008)