Zähringen saw active duty in I Squadron of the German fleet for the majority of her career. During this period, she was occupied with extensive annual training and making good-will visits to foreign countries. The training exercises conducted during this period provided the framework for the High Seas Fleet's operations during World War I. She was decommissioned in September 1910, but returned to service briefly for training in 1912, where she accidentally rammed and sank a torpedo boat. After the start of World War I in August 1914, Zähringen was brought back to active duty in IV Battle Squadron. The ship saw limited duty in the Baltic Sea, including during the Battle of the Gulf of Riga in August 1915, but saw no combat with Russian forces. By late 1915, crew shortages and the threat of British submarines forced the Kaiserliche Marine to withdraw older battleships like Zähringen.
Instead, Zähringen was relegated to a target ship for torpedo training in 1917. In the mid-1920s, she was heavily reconstructed and equipped for use as a radio-controlled target ship. She served in this capacity until 1944, when she was sunk in Gotenhafen by British bombers during World War II. The retreating Germans raised the ship and moved her to the harbor mouth, where they scuttled her to block the port. Zähringen was broken up in situ in 1949–50.
After the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) ordered the four Brandenburg-classbattleships in 1889, a combination of budgetary constraints, opposition in the Reichstag (Imperial Diet), and a lack of a coherent fleet plan delayed the acquisition of further battleships. The Secretary of the Reichsmarineamt (Imperial Navy Office), Vizeadmiral (VAdm—Vice Admiral) Friedrich von Hollmann struggled throughout the early and mid-1890s to secure parliamentary approval for the first three Kaiser Friedrich III-class battleships. In June 1897, Hollmann was replaced by Konteradmiral (KAdm—Rear Admiral) Alfred von Tirpitz, who quickly proposed and secured approval for the first Naval Law in early 1898. The law authorized the last two ships of the class, as well as the five ships of the Wittelsbach class,[1] the first class of battleship built under Tirpitz's tenure. The Wittelsbachs were broadly similar to the Kaiser Friedrichs, carrying the same armament but with a more comprehensive armor layout.[2][3]
Zähringen was 126.8 m (416 ft) long overall and had a beam of 22.8 m (74 ft 10 in) and a draft of 7.95 m (26 ft 1 in) forward. She displaced 11,774 t (11,588 long tons) as designed and up to 12,798 t (12,596 long tons) at full load. The ship was powered by three 3-cylinder vertical triple expansion engines that drove three screws. Steam was provided by six naval and six cylindrical boilers, all of which burned coal. Zähringen's powerplant was rated at 14,000 metric horsepower (13,810 ihp; 10,300 kW), which generated a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). The ship had a cruising radius of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). She had a crew of 30 officers and 650 enlisted men.[4]
Zähringen was ordered under the contract name "E", as a new unit for the fleet.[6] Her keel was laid down on 21 November 1899, at Friedrich Krupp's Germaniawerft dockyard in Kiel.[7]Zähringen was launched on 12 June 1901, with her launching speech given by Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden and head of the House of Zähringen; his wife, Grand Duchess Louise, christened the ship.[7]Zähringen was commissioned on 25 October 1902,[8] and began her sea trials, which lasted until 10 February 1903. She thereafter replaced the battleship Brandenburg in I Squadron of the Active Fleet.[7][9] On 2 April 1903, the squadron went to sea and began gunnery training two days later. These exercises continued for the rest of the month, interrupted only by heavy storms.[10]
A major training cruise followed the next month; on 10 May the ships departed the Elbe river and made their way into the Atlantic. They cruised south to Spain, passing Ushant on 14 May and reaching the Iberian Peninsula five days later. There, they conducted a reconnaissance exercise off Pontevedra before anchoring in Vigo on 20 May. The squadron departed Spain on 30 May. The ships passed through the Strait of Dover on 3 June and continued into the Kattegat. There, they rendezvoused with the torpedo boats of I Torpedobootsflotille (Torpedo Boat Flotilla)—commanded by Korvettenkapitän (Lieutenant Commander) Franz von Hipper—for a mock attack on the fortifications at Kiel.[10] Later in June, the ships took part in additional gunnery training and were present at the Kiel Week sailing regatta. During Kiel Week, an American squadron that included the battleship USS Kearsarge and four cruisers visited. Following the end of Kiel Week, I Squadron, which had been strengthened with the new cruiser Arcona, and I Torpedobootsflotille went to sea for more tactical and gunnery exercises in the North Sea, which lasted from 6 to 28 July. The annual fleet maneuvers began on 15 August;[11] they consisted of a blockade exercise in the North Sea, a cruise of the entire fleet first to Norwegian waters and then to Kiel in early September, and finally a mock attack on Kiel. The exercises concluded on 12 September. The year's training schedule concluded with a cruise into the eastern Baltic that started on 23 November and a cruise into the Skagerrak that began on 1 December.[12]
Zähringen and the rest of I Squadron participated in an exercise in the Skagerrak from 11 to 21 January 1904. Further squadron exercises followed from 8 to 17 March, and a major fleet exercise took place in the North Sea in May. In July, I Squadron and I Scouting Group visited Britain, including a stop at Plymouth on 10 July. The German fleet departed on 13 July, bound for the Netherlands; I Squadron anchored in Vlissingen the following day. There, the ships were visited by Queen Wilhelmina. I Squadron remained in Vlissingen until 20 July, when they departed for a cruise in the northern North Sea with the rest of the fleet. The squadron stopped in Molde, Norway, on 29 July, while the other units went to other ports.[13] The fleet reassembled on 6 August and steamed back to Kiel, where it conducted a mock attack on the harbor on 12 August. During its cruise in the North Sea, the fleet experimented with wireless telegraphy on a large scale and searchlights at night for communication and recognition signals. Immediately after returning to Kiel, the fleet began preparations for the autumn maneuvers, which began on 29 August in the Baltic. The fleet moved to the North Sea on 3 September, where it took part in a major landing operation, after which the ships took the ground troops from IX Corps that participated in the exercises to Altona for a parade for Wilhelm II. The ships then conducted their own parade for the Kaiser off the island of Helgoland on 6 September. Three days later, the fleet returned to the Baltic via the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, where it participated in further landing operations with IX Corps and the Guards Corps. On 15 September, the maneuvers came to an end.[14]
Zähringen took part in a pair of training cruises with I Squadron during 9–19 January and 27 February – 16 March 1905. Individual and squadron training followed, with an emphasis on gunnery drills. On 12 July, the fleet began a major training exercise in the North Sea. The fleet then cruised through the Kattegat and stopped in Copenhagen and Stockholm. The summer cruise ended on 9 August, though the autumn maneuvers that would normally have begun shortly thereafter were delayed by a visit from the British Channel Fleet that month. The British fleet stopped in Danzig, Swinemünde, and Flensburg, where it was greeted by units of the German Navy; Zähringen and the main German fleet was anchored at Swinemünde for the occasion. The visit was strained by the Anglo-German naval arms race. As a result of the British visit, the 1905 autumn maneuvers were shortened considerably, from 6 to 13 September, and consisted only of exercises in the North Sea. The first exercise presumed a naval blockade in the German Bight, and the second envisioned a hostile fleet attempting to force the defenses of the Elbe.[15][16] In October, I Squadron went on a cruise in the Baltic. In early December, I and II Squadrons went on their regular winter cruise, this time to Danzig, where they arrived on 12 December. While on the return trip to Kiel, the fleet conducted tactical exercises.[17]
The fleet undertook a heavier training schedule in 1906 than in previous years. The ships were occupied with individual, division and squadron exercises throughout April. Starting on 13 May, major fleet exercises took place in the North Sea and lasted until 8 June with a cruise around the Skagen into the Baltic.[17] The fleet began its usual summer cruise to Norway in mid-July. The fleet was present for the birthday of Norwegian King Haakon VII on 3 August. The German ships departed the following day for Helgoland, to join exercises being conducted there. The fleet was back in Kiel by 15 August, where preparations for the autumn maneuvers began. On 22–24 August, the fleet took part in landing exercises in Eckernförde Bay outside Kiel. The maneuvers were paused from 31 August to 3 September when the fleet hosted vessels from Denmark and Sweden, along with a Russian squadron from 3 to 9 September in Kiel.[18] The maneuvers resumed on 8 September and lasted five more days. The ship participated in the uneventful winter cruise into the Kattegat and Skagerrak from 8 to 16 December.[19]
The first quarter of 1907 followed the previous pattern and, on 16 February, the Active Battle Fleet was re-designated the High Seas Fleet. From the end of May to early June the fleet went on its summer cruise in the North Sea, returning to the Baltic via the Kattegat. This was followed by the regular cruise to Norway from 12 July to 10 August. During the autumn maneuvers, which lasted from 26 August to 6 September, the fleet conducted landing exercises in northern Schleswig with IX Corps. The winter training cruise went into the Kattegat from 22 to 30 November. In May 1908, the fleet went on a major cruise into the Atlantic instead of its normal voyage in the North Sea, which included a stop in Horta in the Azores. The fleet returned to Kiel on 13 August to prepare for the autumn maneuvers, which lasted from 27 August to 7 September. Division exercises in the Baltic immediately followed from 7 to 13 September.[20] In February 1909, Zähringen was employed as an icebreaker for the ports of the western Baltic.[7]
On 21 September 1910, Zähringen was decommissioned and her crew was transferred to the new dreadnought battleshipRheinland, which had recently been completed.[21]Zähringen was then assigned to the Reserve Division of the North Sea, though the unit was dissolved on 12 May 1912, and its ships transferred to the Reserve Division of the Baltic Sea. Zähringen was recommissioned briefly, from 9 to 12 May, to transfer her to Kiel. She returned to service again later that year, from 14 August to 28 September, to take part in that year's fleet maneuvers as part of III Squadron. While exercising on 4 September, Zähringen accidentally rammed and sank the torpedo boat G171. Seven men from G171 were killed in the accident. Zähringen was again decommissioned after the conclusion of the exercises, and did not return to service until the start of World War I in August 1914.[7]
World War I
Map of the North and Baltic Seas in 1911
At the start of World War I, Zähringen was mobilized as part of IV Battle Squadron, along with her four sister ships and the battleships Elsass and Braunschweig. The squadron was divided into VII and VIII Divisions, with Zähringen assigned to the former. On 26 August, the ships were sent to rescue the stranded light cruiserMagdeburg, which had run aground off the island of Odensholm in the eastern Baltic, but by 28 August, the ship's crew had been forced to detonate explosives to destroy Magdeburg before the relief force had arrived. As a result, Zähringen and the rest of the squadron cruised back toward Bornholm that day.[22]
Starting on 3 September, IV Squadron, assisted by the armored cruiserBlücher, conducted a sweep into the Baltic. The operation lasted until 9 September and failed to bring Russian naval units to battle.[23] Two days later the ships were transferred to the North Sea, though they stayed there only briefly, returning to the Baltic on 20 September. From 22 to 26 September, the squadron took part in a sweep into the eastern Baltic in an unsuccessful attempt to find and destroy Russian warships.[22] From 4 December 1914 to 2 April 1915, the ships of IV Squadron were tasked with coastal defense duties along Germany's North Sea coast against incursions from the British Royal Navy.[24]
The German Army requested naval assistance for its campaign against Russia; Prince Heinrich, the commander of all naval forces in the Baltic, made VII Division, IV Scouting Group, and the torpedo boats of the Baltic fleet available for the operation.[24] On 6 May, the IV Squadron ships were tasked with providing support to the assault on Libau. Zähringen and the other ships were stationed off Gotland to intercept any Russian cruisers that might attempt to intervene in the landings; the Russians did not do so.[25] After cruisers from IV Scouting Group encountered Russian cruisers off Gotland, the ships of VII Division deployed—with a third dummy funnel erected to disguise them as the more powerful Braunschweig-class battleships—along with the cruiser Danzig. The ships advanced as far as the island of Utö on 9 May and to Kopparstenarna the following day, but by then the Russian cruisers had withdrawn.[24] Later that day, the British submarines HMS E1 and HMS E9 spotted IV Squadron, but were too far away to attack them.[25]
From 27 May to 4 July, Zähringen was back in the North Sea, patrolling the mouths of the Jade, Ems, and Elbe rivers. During this period, the naval high command realized that the old Wittelsbach-class ships would be useless in action against the Royal Navy, but could be effectively used against the much weaker Russian forces in the Baltic. As a result, the ships were transferred back to the Baltic in July, and they departed Kiel on the 7th, bound for Danzig. On 10 July, the ships proceeded further east to Neufahrwassar, along with VIII Torpedo-boat Flotilla. The IV Squadron ships sortied on 12 July to make a demonstration, returning to Danzig on 21 July without encountering Russian forces.[24]
The following month, the naval high command began an operation against the Gulf of Riga in support of the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive. The Baltic naval forces were reinforced with significant elements of the High Seas Fleet, including I Battle Squadron, I Scouting Group, II Scouting Group, and II Torpedo-boat Flotilla. Prince Heinrich planned that Schmidt's ships would force their way into the Gulf and destroy the Russian warships in Riga, while the heavy units of the High Seas Fleet would patrol to the north to prevent any of the main Russian Baltic Fleet that might try to interfere with the operation.[24]
The Germans launched their attack on 8 August, initiating the Battle of the Gulf of Riga. Minesweepers attempted to clear a path through the Irbe Strait, covered by Braunschweig and Elsass, while Zähringen and the rest of the squadron remained outside the strait. The Russian battleship Slava attacked the Germans in the strait, forcing them to withdraw.[24] During the action, the cruiser Thetis and the torpedo boat S144 were damaged by mines and the torpedo boats T52 and T58 were mined and sunk. Schmidt withdrew his ships to re-coal and Prince Heinrich debated making another attempt, as by that time it had become clear that the German Army's advance toward Riga had stalled. Nevertheless, Prince Heinrich decided to try to force the channel a second time, but now two dreadnought battleships from I Squadron would cover the minesweepers. Zähringen was instead left behind in Libau.[26]
On 9 September, Zähringen and her four sisters sortied in an attempt to locate Russian warships off Gotland, but returned to port two days later without having engaged any opponents.[26] Additionally, the threat from submarines in the Baltic convinced the German navy to withdraw the elderly Wittelsbach-class ships from active service.[27]Zähringen and most of the other IV Squadron ships left Libau on 10 November, bound for Kiel; upon arrival the following day, they were designated the Reserve Division of the Baltic. The ships were anchored in Schilksee in Kiel. On 31 January 1916, the division was dissolved, and the ships were dispersed for subsidiary duties.[26]
Zähringen was initially used as a training ship in Kiel. In 1917, the ship was used to train stokers but then became a target ship for torpedo boats and the old ironclad Württemberg, which had by that time become a torpedo training ship.[7][8] Later, the Kaiserliche Marine considered replacing the cruiser Kaiserin Augusta, then the gunnery training ship, with Zähringen, and work began to refit her for this duty on 22 July 1918. The repairs and modifications had not been completed by the end of the war. The ship was left in Germany, and on 13 December was placed out of service.[28]
Reichsmarine and Kriegsmarine
The first Blitz, c. 1928, the control vessel for Zähringen
According to Article 181 of the Treaty of Versailles, Zähringen and her sisters were to be demilitarized.[29] This would permit the newly reorganized Reichsmarine to retain the vessels for auxiliary purposes. Zähringen was therefore stricken from the navy list on 11 March 1920 and disarmed. She was then used as a hulk in Wilhelmshaven until 1926.[8] That year, the Reichsmarine decided to rebuild Zähringen into a radio-controlled target ship, similar to vessels operated by the Royal Navy and the United States Navy. The conversion work lasted through 1928.[30]
The ship had its engine system overhauled; the three-shaft arrangement was replaced by a pair of 3-cylinder, vertical triple expansion engines. These were supplied with steam by two naval oil-fired, water-tube boilers. The system was designed to be operated remotely via wireless telegraph, with the receiver located deep inside the ship behind heavy armor protection so it would not be damaged by fire. The new propulsion system provided a top speed of 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph). The superstructure was also cut down, removing all extraneous structures, and the hull was extensively modified. The watertight subdivisions were significantly increased, openings in the hull were sealed, and the ship was filled with some 1,700 t (1,700 long tons; 1,900 short tons) of cork. When the conversion was completed, Zähringen displaced 11,800 metric tons (11,600 long tons). While not in use as a target, the ship was operated by a crew of 67.[8][30] The torpedo boat S141 was converted for use as Zähringen's control vessel,[31] and was renamed Blitz.[32] She was later replaced by V185,[31] which was also renamed Blitz.[33]
Zähringen participated in her first gunfire training session on 8 August 1928, in a ceremony held for PresidentPaul von Hindenburg. During the exercise, the old battleship Elsass fired at Zähringen.[30] Over the course of the next sixteen years, she served as a target vessel for the Reichsmarine and then the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany, together with the old battleship Hessen.[34] This period revealed that the addition of cork, meant to help keep the ship afloat in the event of a major hull breach, was a poor choice, as it caught fire easily. The modification of the ship's propulsion system also proved to be a mistake, as the ship's speed was too low, and it hindered her maneuverability. These experiences affected the conversion of Hessen, and neither mistake was repeated when that vessel was converted in the mid-1930s.[35]
Zähringen continued on in service through World War II, initially based in Wilhelmshaven. Zähringen, Hessen, and their radio control boats were assigned to the Inspectorate of Naval Artillery on 1 August 1942.[31] On 18 December 1944, the old ship was hit by bombs during an air raid on Gotenhafen and sank in shallow water.[34] She was temporarily refloated and towed to the harbor entrance, where she was scuttled to block the port on 26 March 1945. The wreck was broken up in situ starting in 1949; work lasted until 1950.[8]
Footnotes
Notes
^In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (Schnelladekanone) denotes that the gun is quick firing, while the L/40 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/40 gun is 40 caliber, meaning that the gun is 40 times as long as it is in diameter.[5]
Ciupa, Heinz (1979). Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1939–45 [The German Warships 1939–45] (in German). Baden Erich Pabel. OCLC561148977.
Grießmer, Axel (1999). Die Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz [The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN978-3-7637-5985-9.
Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-0-87021-790-6.
Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1-55750-352-7.
Herwig, Holger (1998) [1980]. "Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Amherst: Humanity Books. ISBN978-1-57392-286-9.
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 5. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN978-3-7822-0456-9.
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 8. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
Sondhaus, Lawrence (1997). Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN978-1-55750-745-7.
Staff, Gary (2010). German Battleships: 1914–1918. Vol. 1. Oxford: Osprey Books. ISBN978-1-84603-467-1.
Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2001). Die Panzer- und Linienschiffe der Brandenburg-, Kaiser Friedrich III-, Wittlesbach-, Braunschweig- und Deutschland-Klasse [The Armored and Battleships of the Brandenburg, Kaiser Friedrich III, Wittelsbach, Braunschweig, and Deutschland Classes] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN978-3-7637-6211-8.
Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: SMA Santo Antonius Jakarta – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel i...
Sebuah permainan catur manusia di Monselice, Italia. Catur manusia atau catur hidup adalah sebuah bentuk catur dimana orang-orang ditempatkan menjadi buah catur, Catur manusia biasanya dilakukan di luar rungan, di atas papan catur besar atau di atas tanah, dan biasanya dimainkan di pekan raya Renaisans. Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Human chess. Life-sized chess games in urban settings AnimeBoston.com Cosplay Human Chess game photos of Anime Boston 2007 cosplay chess ...
Ini adalah nama Batak Toba, marganya adalah Sitorus. Albertus Sampe SitorusInformasi pribadiLahir24 Juni 1965 (umur 58)Medan, Sumatera UtaraAlma materAkademi Kepolisian (1988)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang Kepolisian Negara Republik IndonesiaMasa dinas1988—2023Pangkat Brigadir Jenderal PolisiSatuanPerencanaanSunting kotak info • L • B Brigjen. Pol. (Purn.) Albertus Sampe Sitorus, S.E. (lahir 24 Juni 1965) adalah seorang Purnawirawan Polri yang jabatan...
Vous lisez un « bon article » labellisé en 2014. Saison 10 des Simpson Données clés Série Les Simpson Pays d'origine États-Unis Chaîne d'origine Fox Diff. originale 23 août 1998 – 16 mai 1999 Nb. d'épisodes 23 Chronologie Saison 9 Saison 11Liste des épisodes des Simpson modifier La dixième saison des Simpson est diffusée pour la première fois aux États-Unis par la Fox entre le 23 août 1998 et le 16 mai 1999. En France, elle est diffusée du 4 septembre 1999 au 4 ma...
Fraser Forster Informações pessoais Data de nascimento 17 de março de 1988 (35 anos) Local de nascimento Northumberland, Reino Unido Nacionalidade inglês Altura 2,01 m Pé Destro Informações profissionais Clube atual Tottenham Número 20 Posição Goleiro Clubes de juventude 2001–20052005–2007 Wallsend Boys Club Newcastle United Clubes profissionais2 Anos Clubes Jogos e gol(o)s 2007–2012200820092009–20102010–20122012–20142014–20222019–20202022– Newcastle United
Untuk pengertian lain, lihat Borimasunggu (disambiguasi). Koordinat: 4°59′20″S 119°27′40″E / 4.9888566°S 119.4610488°E / -4.9888566; 119.4610488 BorimasungguᨈᨊᨄᨉᨛᨊᨘᨕᨅᨚᨑᨗᨆᨔᨘᨁᨘDesaKantor Desa BorimasungguNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSulawesi SelatanKabupatenMarosKecamatanMaros BaruKode pos90511Kode Kemendagri73.09.04.2007 Luas23,57 km² tahun 2017Jumlah penduduk2.005 jiwa tahun 2017Kepadatan85,07 jiwa/km² tahun 2017Jumlah RT...
هنريك ملك البرتغال معلومات شخصية الميلاد 31 يناير 1512(1512-01-31)لشبونة الوفاة 31 يناير 1580 (68 سنة)آلميريم مكان الدفن دير جيرونيموس مواطنة مملكة البرتغال الديانة الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية الأب مانويل الأول ملك البرتغال الأم ماريا من أراغون إخوة وأخوات بياتريس دو...
South African cyclist (born 1992) Candice LillCandice Lill at the 2012 Summer OlympicsPersonal informationFull nameCandice LillBornCandice Neethling (1992-02-15) 15 February 1992 (age 31)Port Shepstone, South Africa[1]Height1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Weight60 kg (132 lb)Team informationDisciplinesMountain bikingRoadRoleRiderRider typeCross-countryAmateur teams2011Bizhub–Specialized2019Brújula Bike Racing Team[2] Major winsSingle-day races and ...
Battle of RaismesPart of the Flanders campaign in the War of the First CoalitionFrench commander Marquis de Dampierre was fatally wounded late in the Battle of Raismes.Date8–9 May 1793Locationnear Raismes, Austrian NetherlandsResult Coalition victoryBelligerents Habsburg Monarchy Great Britain Kingdom of Prussia French RepublicCommanders and leaders Prince Coburg François de Clerfayt Duke of York A. von Knobelsdorff Marquis Dampierre † François LamarcheStrength 60,0...
GURPS AutoduelGURPS Autoduel coverDesignersChristopher J. Burke, Rob GarittaPublishersSteve Jackson GamesPublicationJanuary 1997 (2nd ed)GenresPost-apocalyptic science fictionSystemsGURPS GURPS Autoduel is the GURPS genre toolkit book which details the post-apocalyptic world of one of SJG's other popular games, Car Wars. The initial publication was in 1986. Contents GURPS Autoduel is a supplement for GURPS describing role-playing in the world of Car Wars, a dark future society where adventure...
Сальвадор Эсприукат. Salvador Espriu i Castelló Дата рождения 10 июля 1913(1913-07-10)[1][2][…] Место рождения Санта-Колома-де-Фарнерс Дата смерти 22 февраля 1985(1985-02-22)[3][1][…] (71 год) Место смерти Барселона, Испания Страна Испания Род деятельности поэт, писатель, др...
Church in New ZealandChurch of the Holy SepulchreSt Sepulchre'sMāori: Te Mīhana Māori o Tāmaki MakaurauChurch of the Holy Sepulchre, in 202236°51′53″S 174°45′46″E / 36.864843°S 174.7628507441338°E / -36.864843; 174.7628507441338Address71 Khyber Pass Road, Grafton, AucklandCountryNew ZealandDenominationAnglicanWebsitechurch-of-the-holy-sepulchre-te-mihana-maori.business.siteHistoryFounded1880Founder(s)Bishop William CowieRelics heldTe Take ki Oihi Crozie...
Sand dune field in Yukon Territory, Canada Carcross Desert in May with Nares Lake in the background Carcross Desert, located outside Carcross, Yukon, Canada, is a series of sand dunes. The Carcross Desert measures approximately 2.6 km2 (1.0 sq mi), or 259 ha (640 acres).[1][2] Background information Carcross Desert is commonly referred to as a desert, but is actually a series of northern sand dunes.[2] The area's climate is too humid to be considere...
Dutch speed skater This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Leo VisserLeo Visser in 1988Personal informationFull nameLe...
Metropolitan borough council ward in England Human settlement in EnglandAnfieldAnfield ward within LiverpoolPopulation12,951 (2021 census)Registered Electors8,015 (2023 elections)Metropolitan boroughCity of LiverpoolMetropolitan countyMerseysideRegionNorth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomUK ParliamentLiverpool WaltonCouncillorsBilly Marratt (Labour Party)Lena Simic (Labour Party) List of places UK England Merseyside Anfield ward is an electora...
Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori cileni è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Christian Martínez Nazionalità Cile Altezza 172 cm Peso 62 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Squadra Dep. Melipilla Carriera Giovanili Universidad de Chile Squadre di club1 2001-2009 Universidad de Chile172 (2)2009-2012 Audax Italiano80 (3)2012-2013→ Dep. La Serena12 (0)2013...
For psychoacoustic scale, see bark scale and mel scale. Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.The C major scale, ascending and descending In music theory, a scale is any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch. A scale ordered by increasing pitch is an ascending scale, and a scale ordered by decreasing pitch is a descending scale. Often, especially in the context of the common p...
1953 Japanese House of Councillors election ← 1950 24 April 1953 1956 → 128 of the 250 seats in the House of Councillors126 seats needed for a majority First party Second party Third party Leader Shigeru Yoshida Mosaburō Suzuki Party Liberal Left Socialist Ryokufūkai Seats after 93 40 34 Seat change 17 New 16 Popular vote 6,149,927 3,917,837 3,301,011 Percentage 22.7% 14.3% 12.2% Swing 6.6% N/A 0.9% Fourth party Fifth party Le...
Helen Morgan Nazionalità Stati Uniti GenereJazzVaudeville Periodo di attività musicale1923 – 1941 EtichettaBrunswick RecordsVictor Records Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Helen Morgan, nome d'arte di Helen Riggins (Danville, 2 agosto 1900 – Chicago, Illinois, 9 ottobre 1941), è stata una cantante e attrice statunitense, ricordata per essere stata la prima grande stella di Broadway. Nel 1957 la Warner Brothers realizzò un film sulla sua vita: Quando l'...
