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Romance
Romance
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Catherine Breillat
Written by	Catherine Breillat
Produced by	Jean-François Lepetit
Starring	Caroline Ducey; Sagamore Stévenin; François Berléand; Rocco Siffredi;
Cinematography	Yorgos Arvanitis
Edited by	Agnès Guillemot
Music by	Raphaël Tidas; DJ Valentin;
Distributed by	Rézo Films
Release date	17 April 1999 (France);
Running time	99 minutes
Country	France
Language	French
Budget	$2.7 million
Box office	$3.9 million

Romance (Romance X) is a 1999 French arthouse film written and directed by Catherine Breillat. It stars Caroline Ducey, Rocco Siffredi, Sagamore Stévenin and François Berléand. The film features explicit copulation scenes,^[3] especially one showing Ducey's coitus with Siffredi.

Plot

Marie, a school teacher, is in a romantic relationship with Paul, but she is disappointed in his comparative lack of interest in sexual activity. One morning, Marie drives to a bar, where she meets Paolo; the two later have sex.

One day, Roberto, the headmaster, brings Marie to her house. The two begin engaging in BDSM until Marie asks him to stop, though she confesses to have imagined what it's like to be bound and implies that she enjoyed being gagged. On the way home, a man rapes Marie in the stairway; he leaves right as Paul returns, but the latter does not see her.

Upon returning home after a session with Roberto, Paul demonstrates interest in sex and manages to accidentally impregnate Marie. After one checkup during which the doctor reveals the baby's gender, the couple have sex for the first time in months – but also last.

After an unhappy night out in a bar, Marie wakes up about to go into labor but Paul is out cold. Frustrated, she turns on the gas and leaves, with Roberto driving her to the hospital. She successfully delivers the child and as expected, Paul dies in the gas explosion. As his coffin is being lowered into the ground, Marie watches from a distance, the baby in her arms.

Cast

Caroline Ducey as Marie
Sagamore Stévenin as Paul
François Berléand as Robert
Rocco Siffredi as Paolo
Ashley Wanninger as Ashley
Emma Colberti as Charlotte
Fabien de Jomaron as Claude

Production

In an interview with The Post, Catherine Breillat appeared to confirm the rumors of actual on-set sex. "An actor never pretends," she said. "At the same time, I'm not perverse. I don't impose on my actors or actresses any more than is absolutely necessary. But I don't pretend. I don't simulate. The deal was, we'd go as far as we had to, as far as the film required."^[4] Caroline Ducey accepted the part of Marie knowing that 'going all the way' was written into her contract. Apparently, Ducey began the film thinking that it would also be an exit from the sexual relationship she was in, but then decided while it was being made that she wanted to stay with her boyfriend. By the end, she was in a state of considerable distress. ^[5]

Release and classification

In Europe, Romance was released mainstream; in the United States, it was reduced to a mainstream-acceptable R rating, and the European original version is unrated. In the United Kingdom, the British Board of Film Classification passed the film uncut for cinemas, though home releases suffered a brief cut to an ejaculation shot.

In March 2004, the original version was broadcast on late-night German public television. In Australia, the original version was broadcast uncut on cable television network World Movies.^{[citation needed]} Although initially refused classification, it was eventually awarded an R18+ on appeal.^[6] It singlehandedly paved the way for actual sex to be accommodated in the R18+ classification in Australia.^[6]

In Canada, particularly in Alberta and the Maritimes, the film's explicit sexual content was seen as gratuitous and it was given an A rating and XXX rating in those regions.^[7]^[8] In June 2008, in the Netherlands, the original version was broadcast on Dutch public TV by VPRO as one of a series of Erotica arthouse cinema.^{[citation needed]}

Controversy

On August 28, 2024, Caroline Ducey published an autobiographical book titled "La Prédation (nom féminin)", translatable to "The Predation (feminine noun)" - the parentheses referring to French common nouns having discting masculine and feminine genders, where she recounts the traumatizing sexual assault she endured during the filming, notably the staircase sexual assault scene, for which she holds director Catherine Breillat responsible^[9] .

Before getting to the filming, Caroline had addressed her concerns over explicit sexual assault scenes involving simulated cunnilingus and sodomy in the script to director Catherine Breillat, who brushed them off as simple context clues and plot devices to help her study the character and advance the story, and reassured the actress, that not everything on script was to be pictured on-screen. The day of the shooting, however, she was confronted to a different reality, as she learnt that the scene of the simulated act was, in fact, to be shot explicitly, and the director even asked her to take off her pantyhose and pull down her underwear to make the scene more realistic.

Caroline, trusting of the director, complied, and as everyone on set proceeded with the filming, the actor portraying the predator took the liberty of performing an unsimulated act of cunnilingus on her, without her consent of former notice by anyone involved with the film, including Breillat. Caroline says she felt paralyzed in her movements and speech, while she still kept a modicum of consciousness, and that she jolted back to her senses because of the sound of tape running out, before threatening the actor to stop. Ducey writes about seeing director Breillat masturbate the male actor so he could maintain an erection throughout the second take, which started right after, and was fully simulated, this time around.

Caroline claims that a clause in her contract explicity stated that the film would under no condition be classified as pornography, and that she would not participate in any unsimulated sex scenes during the filming. The director, responding to these accusations, however, says while such scenes were not in her contract, the actress agreed on filming them regardless, a statement that the actress doubled down on refuting in a sit-down interview for the French short-format media and cultural news outlet Konbini^[10] .

References

^ "Romance (18)". British Board of Film Classification. 19 July 1999. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
^ "Romance (1999)". JPBox-Office.
^ Gillain, Anne (2003). "Beyond French Feminisms: Debates on Women, Culture and Politics in France 1980-2001". In Célestin, Roger; et al. (eds.). Profile of a Filmmaker: Catherine Breillat. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 202. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-09514-5_19. ISBN 978-0-312-24040-0. Catherine Breillat's "film Romance had received much praise—and criticism—the previous year for using a porn-film actor and a scene showing a nonsimulated sexual act, including a shot of an erection in the foreground.
^ Musetto, V.A. (18 September 1999). "A real 'Romance'? : This French flick'S graphic sex scenes aren't just acting, director says". New York Post. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
^ "Coming soon to a cinema near you". The Guardian. 3 October 1999. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Romance (1999)". Refused-Classification.com. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
^ "Film classification listing for Romance". Alberta Film Ratings (Enter title Romance).
^ "Film classification listing for Romance". Maritime Film Classification Board (Enter title Romance). 6 July 2018.
^ Marcillat, Manon (4 September 2024). "Dans son essai, Caroline Ducey accuse Catherine Breillat d'avoir organisé son viol sur le tournage du film Romance". Konbini. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
^ Ducey, Caroline (4 October 2024). "Caroline Ducey raconte son viol sur le tournage du film Romance" (Video). Konbini. Retrieved 1 November 2024.

Sources

Angelo, Adrienne (2010). "Sexual Cartographies: Mapping Subjectivity in the Cinema of Catherine Breillat". Journal for Cultural Research. 14 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1080/14797580903363082.
Coulthard, Lisa (2010). "Desublimating Desire: Courtly Love and Catherine Breillat". Journal for Cultural Research. 14 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1080/14797580903363090.
Coulthard, Lisa; Birks, Chelsea (2016). "Horrible Sex: The Sexual Relationship in New Extremism". In Coleman, L. (ed.). Sex and Storytelling in Modern Cinema: Explicit Sex, Performance and Cinematic Technique. I.B.Tauris & Co. pp. 71–94. doi:10.5040/9780755694655. ISBN 978-0-7556-9465-5.
Gorton, Kristyn (2007). ""The Point of View of Shame": Re-viewing female desire in Catherine Breillat's Romance (1999) and Anatomy of Hell (2004)". Studies in European Cinema. 4 (2): 111–124. doi:10.1386/seci.4.2.111_1.
Hottell, Ruth A.; Russell-Watts, Lynsey (2002). "Catherine Breillat's Romance and the Female Spectator: From Dream-Work to Therapy". L'Esprit Créateur. 42 (3): 70–80. doi:10.1353/esp.2010.0395.
Krisjansen, Ivan; Maddock, Trevor (2001). "Educating Eros: Catherine Breillat's Romance as a Cinematic Solution to Sade's Metaphysical Problem". Studies in French Cinema. 1 (3): 141–149. doi:10.1386/sfci.1.3.141.
Mtshali, Marya T.; Fahs, Breanne (2014). "Catherine Breillat's Romance and Anatomy of Hell : Subjectivity and the Gendering of Sexuality'". Women: A Cultural Review. 25 (2): 160–175. doi:10.1080/09574042.2014.944415.
Phillips, John (2001). "Catherine Breillat's Romance: Hard Core and the Female Gaze". Studies in French Cinema. 1 (3): 133–140. doi:10.1386/sfci.1.3.133.
Wheatley, Catherine (2010). "Contested Interactions: Watching Catherine Breillat's Scenes of Sexual Violence". Journal for Cultural Research. 14 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1080/14797580903363066.
Wilson, Emma (2001). "Deforming Femininity: Catherine Breillat's Romance". In Mazdon, Lucy (ed.). France on Film: Reflections on Popular French Cinema. London: Wallflower Press. pp. 145–157. ISBN 978-1903364116.