carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth (denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more...

The subradular organ is a sensory organ below the grinding mouthparts (radula) of some molluscs, specifically the chitons. This organ is involved in chemoreception...

sophisticated predatory animals. They hunt and immobilize prey using a modified radular tooth along with a venom gland containing neurotoxins; the tooth is launched...

sea anemones and have a distinctive single row of comb-shaped serrated radular teeth. Excluding Pleurolidia juliae, Aeolidiidae is monophyletic. Within...

classified as turrids. This classification was based upon shell morphology, radular differences, anatomy, physiology, cladistics, and an analysis of then published...

Jensen, K. R. (February 1993). "Morphological adaptations and plasticity of radular teeth of the Sacoglossa (= Ascoglossa) (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) in relation...

It is characterized by the lacks of an anus and radular teeth mostly fused into a band-like radular ribbon, a trait unique within a majority of the order...

olangoensis. Iotyrris had originally been distinguished from Xenuroturris by radular morphology: the marginal teeth of the radula of Xenuroturris species were...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

sharks, and mammals. The term is also used to describe the analogous radular teeth of mollusks. Dromaeosauridae tooth with small denticles along the...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

translucent species. Unlike other Aeolidida, the family Aeolidiidae possesses radular teeth which aid in feeding on their prey (See Fig. 2). The radula is a...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences...

The radula is "weak", of the rhipidoglossan type, with a single pair of radular cartilages. The formula of the radula is ~50 + 4 + 1 + 4 + ~50. The radula...

feeding apparatus can be extended from the mouth of the animal, and the radular ribbon can slide over the odontophore. By moving the radula and odontophore...

detected, providing further stimulus for the chiton to find its home. The radular teeth of chitons are made of magnetite, and the iron crystals within these...

Zaslansky, Paul; Faivre, Damien (1 December 2015). "The giant keyhole limpet radular teeth: A naturally-grown harvest machine". Journal of Structural Biology...

from Xenuroturris based on radular morphology; while species of Xenuroturris were characterized by "duplex" marginal radular teeth, those assigned to Iotyrris...

using a specialized ribbon-like structure called a radula. Studies of its radular teeth show differences in hardness and flexibility that allow the snail...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

many other cone snails, Conus stupella uses a venom-loaded harpoon-like radular tooth to immobilise its prey, and though there are no specific records...

neuro toxins produced in the venom duct and injected into prey via the radular tooth connected to the venom bulb. Conantokin-G, also known as the sleeper...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

spire, the short siphonal canal and a weak or absent spiral sculpture. The radular formula is 1-0-0-0-1, but some species in this family lack a radula. Genera...

a mollusk. The teeth and membrane are continuously synthesized in the radular sac and then shifted forward towards the working zone of the radula. The...

distribution, which hunt and immobilize prey using a modified harpoon-like radular tooth that can deliver neurotoxic conopeptides. All cone snails are venomous...

that exhibit their spatulate shape to enhance mobility and blade-shaped radular teeth with substantially short bases. Most of the genus could be found...

The radular teeth of Culmenella subspinosum. a = central/rachidian tooth, b = lateral teeth, c = marginal teeth...

of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences...

Subfamily Turrinae: Aspects of Field Distribution, Molecular Phylogeny, Radular Anatomy and Feeding Ecology". Philippine Science Letters. 3 (1): 20105...

Conus ebraeus. The two are best distinguished by close examination of the radular teeth. This marine species occurs off the Philippines and Papua New Guinea...

the body, and connect to pavilion ganglia via long connectives. Radular and sub-radular ganglia are also present, as are statocysts with staticonia. Scaphopods...

February 2024. Kantor, Yuri I; John D.Taylor (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

"drill" implies, it bores holes into the shells of other mollusks using its radular teeth. This species is known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean...

chloroplasts. Rhinophores extend upward from its head. Elysia viridis feed using radular teeth, which in this species, E. gordanae, can vary in design based upon...

Leucosyrinx clionella was actually as synonym of Burchia clionella, agreeing in radular characters with Y-shaped marginals only as well in the shell's appearance...

equivalent to the older Mesogastropoda, with typically seven teeth in each radular row. Stenoglossa (from steno meaning narrow), the Neogastropoda, with only...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula, radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular radi- beam...

S2CID 86083492. Cruz, R.; Lins, U.; Farina, M. (1998). "Minerals of the radular apparatus of Falcidens sp. (Caudofoveata) and the evolutionary implications...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

ones should be handled carefully or not at all. From its morphology and radular characters, it seems an evolutionary line different from other Capeverdian...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

snout. The radula is unicuspid and the radular dentition is of the rhipidoglossate type. They have a radular membrane of flexoglossate type. They have...

a series of extremely minute denticles along its anterior portion. The radular teeth are arranged in a single row and are comb-shaped, with the cutting...

giant chiton species found on Australia's coasts. Plaxiphora albida has radular, bulbous teeth. Their teeth are iron-biomineralized, allowing them to more...

crenulated shell sculpture, and a broadly triangular central rachidian radular tooth and a lack of umbilical callus. Fresh shells were also found to implode...

length, basal, and protrudes backward beyond the proboscis base, with the radular sac lying outside the proboscis. The venom gland is very large, thick,...

Vents. Part I. Systematic description and comparisons based on shell and radular characters. Contributions in Science 407: 1-29 Warén A. & Bouchet P. (1993)...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

Conidae, C. pfluegeri is carnivorous and venomous. It uses a specialized radular tooth (modified into a harpoon-like structure) to inject neurotoxins into...

periostracum is smooth, and the operculum is large. Radular tooth (not known for fossils) The radular tooth is unique in that it has no basal spur, and...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

Conus decoratus employs a unique hunting strategy. Using a specialized radular tooth, it injects a potent venom into its prey, paralyzing it almost instantly...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

cephalopods and the chitons. Messenger, J. B.; Young, J. Z. (1999). "The Radular Apparatus of Cephalopods". Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences...

is no central radular tooth. The radula grows by dividing existing teeth in two, or by adding a new tooth at the center of the radular row. The salivary...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

Therefore, this characteristic is to be considered autapomorphic. a unique radular formula with an underlying rhipidoglossate ground plan. Seguenzioidea was...

radula has small and slender lateral teeth and a greatly modified rachidian radular tooth. This species is distributed in the Eastern Indian Ocean along Madagascar...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

other terebrids, O. albida is a venomous predator that uses a specialized radular tooth to immobilize polychaete prey. The species is commonly found in sandy...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

hollow, enrolled, marginal teeth in each row with an absent or reduced radular membrane Families and subfamilies included within the superfamily Conoidea...

without soft tissue. Consequently, critical biological elements such as radular structure, venom apparatus morphology, and reproductive anatomy remain...

almost seamlessly when spread out on the surface of Halisarca sp. The radular teeth of Hallaxa chani are similar in shape to those of other nudibranchs...

abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula, radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular radi- beam...

vents. Part 1: Systematic descriptions and comparisons based on shell and radular characters. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles...

from Xenuroturris based on radular morphology; while species of Xenuroturris were characterized by "duplex" marginal radular teeth, those assigned to Iotyrris...

omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of algae and invertebrates. It has radular teeth that are quite large, allowing it to eat heavily incrusted things...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte) and Australia, with notes on a novel radular type for the family. Zoosymposia 1: 247–164 Wikimedia Commons has media...

figs 1a, 1b. Shu, F.; Köhler, F.; Wang, H. (2010). "On the shell and radular morphology of two endangered species of the genus Margarya Nevill, 1877...

are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy. A rather arbitrary criterion...

based on a cladistical analysis of anatomical characters including the radular tooth, morphology (i.e. shell characters), as well as an analysis of prior...

and bipectinate osphradium. Proboscis pleurembolic; jaws absent; typical radular sac present. The family was erected by William Stimpson for a single included...

Pseudomelatomidae. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences...

suckers: fig. 3; arm sucker: fig. 4) (Verrill, 1880a:pl. 16). Also shown are radular teeth of Loligo pallida (synonym of Doryteuthis pealeii; fig. 7) and giant...

oesophagus forms a very short loop before passing through the nerve ring. The radular sac contains a small odontophore and opens dorso-laterally on the right...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

of epipodium. Radula: Radula rhipidoglossate, with formula n-5-1-5-n. Radular teeth rows bilaterally symmetrical. Central tooth subrectangular, plate-like...

list (link) Kantor, Yuri I; John D.Taylor (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation...

taxonomic status of Afer cumingii based on mitochondrial gene sequences and radular morphology. Marine Sciences 37(8): 85–88 Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008)...

Conus judaeus. The two are best distinguished by close examination of the radular teeth. Conus ebraeus is one of the most widely distributed members of its...

Marcus from Brazil in 1955. This was on the basis of the morphology of the radular teeth, the dorsal venation and biological observations. Elysia serca also...

The tongue was short and somewhat hollowed along its lower margin. The radular sheath was not externally visible on the pharynx. The radula occupied only...

material to the new genus Felimida, based upon the denticulation of the radular teeth. There are no species of Chromodoris known to have denticles on the...

Vetigastropoda) from the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte) and Australia, with notes on a novel radular type for the family. Zoosymposia 1: 247–164 v t e...

superfamily of the suborder Incirrata containing all known argonautoids. Radular teeth of argonautoids Class Cephalopoda Subclass Nautiloidea: nautiluses...

was about as long as the mouth tube; at the rear of the underside, the radular sac protruded as a thick papilla. The strong, rounded, yellowish-grey lip...

Annulariidae), with the recognition of a new genus, Superbipoma: phylogenetic, radular, and conchological evidence". The Nautilus. 131 (3): 163–201. Watters,...

the only species in the genus Bathyhedyle and family Bathyhedylidae. Its radular formula is 1.1.2. Adults have a body length of approximately 9 mm. The...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

specialized to remove algae and slice seaweed. They have a 6.1.0.1.6 radular formula. According to the common radula formula, this means the radula...

cones and cowries. The proboscis, the tip of which holds the harpoon-like radular tooth, is capable of being extended to any part of its own shell. The living...

genus Vexillum under the subgenus Pusia, based on shell morphology and radular characteristics. Some historical confusion exists due to misidentification...

provisionally transferred it to Leucosyrinx, pending additional data on radular morphology. Although its shell characters could justify treating it as...

vents. Part 1: Systematic descriptions and comparisons based on shell and radular characters. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

 348–364. ISBN 0-03-056747-5. Mackenstedt U. & Märkel K. (2001-11-29). "Radular Structure and Function". In Barker, G. M (ed.). The Biology of Terrestrial...

with pale brown spots near the vertex of the shell. It has medium-sized radular teeth, with sickle-shaped lateral teeth. This marine species occurs at...

somewhat delicate and are short and flake-like at the ventral end of the radular ribbon. Hermaphroditic duct diverticulum (talon) short, large, sausage-shaped...

there is a radula present which contains a single row of teeth. These radular teeth are pointed and specialized in piercing the algae which they feed...

from figure 13. Cruz, R.; Lins, U.; Farina, M. (1998). "Minerals of the radular apparatus of Falcidens sp. (Caudofoveata) and the evolutionary implications...

(January 1967). "Ultrastructure and development of iron mineralization in the radular teeth of Cryptochiton stelleri (Mollusca)". Journal of Ultrastructure Research...

morphological similarities, including the position of the eye, foot shape, radular configuration, and shell structures. Members of the proposed clade Neostromboidea...

Drawing of radular teeth of Bulinus tropicus....

the right side of pericardium a flexoglossate radula (with a flexible radular membrane). The radula is the snail's tongue, used as a rasping tool. unpaired...

are quite distinctive. It has long foot corners and oral tentacles. The radular teeth formula is 21-26 x 0.1.0, and the teeth are typically aeolid hydroid-eating...

head is due to the sagging of the sides of the mantle". #107 (14/1/1933) Radular teeth of the Scarborough giant squid (Robson, 1933:683, text-fig. 1; see...

Mazon Creek fauna based upon an isolated but remarkably well preserved radular mold. Two further specimens have been found since, one of which, PE25583...

[Annex of Collations]. American Malacological Society. Lindberg D.R. 1986. Radular evolution in the Patellogastropoda. American Malacological Bulletin. Ponder...

two taxa as unique organisms, even explicitly stating the difference in radular structure; its sure assignment to the genus Phestilla can be owed to its...

27-year-old male in Hayman Island in 1935 after the man handled the cone and its radular tooth pierced his hand, injecting venom; he was unconscious by the time...

ballistic movement can be seen in the way that it fires is harpoon-like radular tooth into its prey. After the cone snail’s proboscis comes in contact...

abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, radula, radular ranceō ranc-  –  – be rotten rancid, rancor rapiō -ripiō rap- -rip- rapu-...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

among others: its intestine runs through its ventricle, it has a pair of radular "teeth" with long shafts, and its statocysts are isolated from the pleural...

& Mak, Y-M (1999). "Indirect evidence for ecophenotypic plasticity in radular dentition of Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)". Journal of...

described as exhibiting a combination of morphological traits, such as radular structure, body form, and reproductive anatomy, that are otherwise characteristic...

September 2010. Shu F., Köhler F. & Wang H. (2010). "On the shell and radular morphology of two endangered species of the genus Margarya Nevill, 1877...

Krings, Wencke (2020-10-21). "Not just scratching the surface: distinct radular motion patterns in Mollusca". Biology Open. 9 (10): bio055699. doi:10.1242/bio...

longitudinal line, and they reach the siphonal canal on the body whorl. The radular teeth are lanceolate and they are profoundly rounded and curved in the...

gastropods, cone snails have modified radula tooth which is stored in the radular sac and at the end of proboscis, acting like a harpoon. Their "harpoon"...

there is little difference between the shells and in the morphology of the radular teeth, there is some uncertainty about the exact taxonomy of the species...

initially, with an endocone, which increases in prominence towards the radular margin, whereas the ectones remain unicuspid or bicuspid at most. Atractophaedusa...

system; aplacophorans possess both a radula and a style. A variety of radular forms and functions exist. Solenogasters are hermaphroditic and assumed...

part. The jaw is odontognathic, which means it is transversally ribbed. Radular teeth include: central tricuspid, lateral bi- or tricuspid, marginal bicuspid...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

uniform across all species. The morphological variability comes from their radular teeth, ceratal arrangement, and rhinophore ornamentation. Berghia have...

the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte) and Australia, with notes on a novel radular type for the family. Zoosymposia 1: 247–164 Wikimedia Commons has media...

siphonal fold. The radula is wide and more or less bent at the end. The radular teeth are elongate and hook shaped or needle shaped, with many teeth in...

Drawing of radular teeth of Bulinus natalensis...

Blinn, W.; Truitt, Robt. E.; Pickart, Anne (1989). "Feeding Ecology and Radular Morphology of the Freshwater Limpet Ferrissia fragilis". Journal of the...

uniform color or in some cases much darker approaching a blotched black. Radular ribbon like that of nivea but much smaller (a ribbon with about 30 rows...

Knoutsodonta is a genus of dorid nudibranchs in the family Onchidorididae. The radular teeth are an unusual shape and a molecular phylogeny study showed that...

occurs off the Philippines and Australia. C. conspersus uses a specialized radular tooth to inject venom into its prey, which consists mostly of small marine...

dead link] Kantor, Yuri I; John D.Taylor (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation...

et al. (2010). Analysis of an ultra hard magnetic biomineral in chiton radular teeth. Materials Today, 42-52. Grunenfelder, L. K., Escobar de Obaldia...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

moves backward. The radula of Patella consists of iron and silica. During radular development, the protein matrix of the bases and cusps, which are rich...

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pseudococculinidae. Hickman C. S. 1983. Radular patterns, systematics, diversity, and ecology of deep-sea limpets. The...

Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23 M Jiménez-Tenorio (2011), Cone radular anatomy as a proxy for phylogeny and for conotoxin diversity; researchgate...

Franklin, J.B, S. Antony Fernando, B. A. Chalke, K. S. Krishnan. (2007). 'Radular Morphology of Conus (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Conidae) from India'...

subfamily Turrinae: Aspects of field distribution, molecular phylogeny, radular anatomy and feeding ecology, Philippine Science Letters, vol. 3 (1), 2010...

A. S., Cristina, & Matthews-Cascon, H. (2023). Variation in hypodermic radular teeth of the snail auger Hastula cinerea (Born, 1778) (Gastropoda:Terebridae)...

Universiteta Seriya 3 Biologiya. 3: 13–18. Baranetz, O.N. (1995). "Variability of radular apparatus in Bathydorididae (Gastropoda, Doridida)". Ruthenica. 5 (1):...

associated with Amblychilepas and Dendrofissurella with which it shares radular and shell characters. But Medusafissurella has a smaller body than the...

rods are transverse and project slightly, forming a minute serration. The radular sack is small. The radula has the formula 12.1.1.1.12. The central tooth...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

small spiral nucleus. The gill is short with a finely granular stem. The radular teeth include hook-shaped teeth with small denticles that may be present...

leaf blades. Feeding is done by puncturing the plant's tissue with the radular tooth and sucking out the cell sap. Rosenberg, Gary (2010). "Elysia catulus...

typically 7 or 8 marginal teeth on each side of the central tooth. The radular formula is expressed as:7–8 : 4 : 1 : 4 : 7–8 This species occurs in Thailand...

doi:10.1080/00852988.1976.10673892. Burch, J. B.; Jeong, K. (1984). "The radular teeth of selected Planorbidae". Malacological Review. 17: 76. ISSN 0076-3004...

monophyletic group, as indicated by their differences in their size, shape and radular morphology. Genera within the family Rhytididae include: Afrorhytida Amborhytida...

species assemblage that was tectonically rafted to the island. Preliminary radular and phylogenetic studies clearly indicate that Abbottella and its relatives...

the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte) and Australia, with notes on a novel radular type for the family. Zoosymposia 1: 247-164. Geiger D.L. (2012) Monograph...

associated with Amblychilepas and Medusafissurella with which it shares radular and shell characters. The body of Dendrofissurella scutellum is larger...

24 November 2023. Vietti, RC; Balduzzi, A (1991). "Relationship between radular morphology and food in the Doridina (Mollusca: Nudibranchia). Malacologia"...

1297008. hdl:11336/58408. S2CID 91124314. Martín, SM; Negrete, LHL (2007). "Radular ultrastructure of South American Ampullariidae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)"...

Lake Erhai, the type locality of Margarya melanioides. Based on shell and radular morphology, Tchang & Tsi (1949) revised this genus for the first time and...

later ones flattened. This species has flat marginal teeth, proboscis, radular sac and venom glands. This marine species occurs off Vanuatu. MolluscaBase...

it is notable for a long convoluted penis with two flagella, and unique radular and jaw structures. Reproductive studies in captivity revealed that oviposition...

hypodermic marginal teeth which are loosely enrolled and attached to the radular ribbon along their length. The taxon was first described as a subgenus...

leaf‑shaped, with a terminal nucleus. The radular morphology is fairly uniform within the genus. The radular marginal teeth are duplex, narrow to broadly...

lettuce, diatoms as well as foraminifera. To do so, the woody chiton has radular teeth with magnetite to reduce tooth wear. The eggs hatch into planktonic...

nascent. The central formation is reduced to inconspicuous folds of the radular membrane. The marginal teeth are duplex and measure approximately 410 µm...

cord. Crassitoniella can be identified due to their unique opercular and radular features. Crassitoniella was first described by Winston Ponder in 1965...

Drawing of selected radular teeth of Clappia umbilicata: central tooth, lateral tooth, inner marginal tooth and outer marginal tooth....

two taxa as unique organisms, even explicitly stating the difference in radular structure, with T. sibogae bearing "ark-shaped teeth" characteristic to...

variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) The radula has an elongated anterior...

Africa. Haminoea alfredensis has a length of 9–17 mm, and it has a broad radular ribbon with about 40 teeth in each half row. The color of this species...

Franklin, J.B,, S. Antony Fernando, B. A. Chalke, K. S. Krishnan. (2007). 'Radular Morphology of Conus (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Conidae) from India'...

of cylindrical tentacles. The radula formula is 1-0-R-0-1. The duplex radular teeth are nonhypodermic. Powell originally defined the taxon as having...

Most importantly, the mouthparts contain a central rachidian tooth—a key radular characteristic. In light of this new reconstruction, a molluscan affinity...

391–409. Kantor, Yuri I.; Taylor, John D. (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation...

proboscis, is rather long (about half the proboscis length), and has the radular sac opening on the right side. The venom gland is very thick but not long...

Subfamily Turrinae: Aspects of Field Distribution, Molecular Phylogeny, Radular Anatomy and Feeding Ecology". Philippine Science Letters. 3 (1): 20105...

the genus, Conus colmani is predatory and venomous, using a specialized radular tooth to inject conotoxins into its prey. The genus exhibits a wide range...

chitinous hooks (with the hook sacs containing about 60 hooks) and cutting radular teeth. They can eat victims three times their own size. Cliopsis krohnii...

Kantor, Yuir I.; Taylor, John D. (October 2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation...

ganglia—oval in shape, and connected by a short commissure, from which a radular nerve extends backward. They also give rise to the usual 2–5 buccal nerves...

11 to 19 mm in shell length, do not differ from larger individuals in radular or shell characters and are considered conspecific. The species closely...

pointed tail. The genus can be differentiated from Delos due to having more radular teeth per row, and by the members' distinctive colour patterns. Climo noted...

body does not exceed or marginally exceeds that of the shell. The outer radular plate has four cusps. The propodium (= the anterior end of the foot) has...

the boundary of its posterior third. The buccal mass contains a small radular sac, and the odontophore lies within the broader posterior portion of the...

color grayish-blue flecked with white; nodes black, early whorls white. Radular ribbon is robust, long, about one-fifth the shell length. Rachidian tooth...

Members of this family are characterized by elongate shells and complex radular teeth used for capturing prey. Imaclava pembertoni was originally described...

tooth and it has 115 lateral teeth on both sides (radular formula 73 × 115.0.115), while the radular formula reported from smaller specimens (27 mm) is...

attributed to Spurilla dakariensis. Additionally, it has been shown that the radular morphology of aeolidiids does not allow unequivocal identification of species...

most primitive in the family based on the radula and type of animal. The radular and shell features, including the presence of odontophoral cartilage hoods...

Shaw, D. A.; Wayte, R. C. (1969). "The mineralization and hardness of the radular teeth of the limpet Patella vulgata L". Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und...

species feed on hydroids, and have uniseriate radulae with polydentate radular teeth. The type species of Cuthona is Cuthona nana, (Alder & Hancock, 1842)...

relationship between D. magus and D. papyraceus is further supported by shared radular traits (e.g., tricuspid teeth) and shell morphology. However, D. magus...

Annulariidae), with the recognition of a new genus, Superbipoma: phylogenetic, radular, and conchological evidence". Nautilus. 131 (3): 163–201. Simone, Luiz...

Lucidcentral. Retrieved 3 August 2026. Burch, J. B.; Jeong, K. (1984). "The radular teeth of selected Planorbidae". Malacological Review. 17: 76–79. ISSN 0076-3004...

Bifurcated posterior foot Cephalic shield with tentacular lobes Denticulate radular teeth A gizzard lacking plates A male reproductive system with a short...

associated with Dendrofissurella and Medusafissurella with which it shares radular and shell characters. The body of species in this genus is larger than...

coloration is reddish-violet, with brown coloration inside the aperture. The radular teeth are long and thin with barbs at the ends, measuring about 170 micrometres...

the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte) and Australia, with notes on a novel radular type for the family" (PDF). Zoosymposia. 1: 247–264. doi:10.11646/zoosymposia...

superfamily Conoidea on account of the high intrageneric variability in radular morphology, typical of Cochlespiridae – with paired marginal and well-defined...

libertina. Drawing of an operculum of Semisulcospira libertina. Drawing of radular teeth of Semisulcospira libertina Habitats of Semisulcospira libertina...

carina on the main body whorl, which is eventually lost as adults. The radular structure of Leptoxis compacta is described as including a rachidian tooth...

leading to an expanded peristome, and the aperture lacks teeth entirely. Radular structure: The radula is consistent in form with that of Aulacospira depressa...

et al. "Phylogeny of the genus Turris: Correlating molecular data with radular anatomy and shell morphology." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59...