As part of his investiture as Duke of Prussia in Warsaw in 1611, Elector John Sigismund agreed to the building of a church for Catholics in mostly Protestant Königsberg. The church was built in Sackheim from 1614 to 1616, but burned down during the great fire of 11 November 1764. It was rebuilt from 1765 to 1776 under the direction of Johann Samuel Lilienthal, who also constructed the chaplain's Kaplanei northwest of the church from 1770 to 1772. The rebuilt Baroque church was dedicated in 1777.