In world history, post-classical history refers to the period from about 500 CE to about 1450 or 1500 CE, roughly corresponding to the European Middle...

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch), is an ancient Jewish religious work, ascribed by tradition and internal attestation to Enoch, the great-grandfather...

ISBN 978-0-710-31313-3 p. 1 Bruce Loyd Batten,To the Ends of Japan: Premodern Frontiers, Boundaries, and Interactions, Archived 5 December 2022 at the...

The description of populations as white in reference to their skin colour predates and is distinct from the race categories constructed from the 17th century...

extermination'), was the most severe punishment for a capital offense in premodern China, Korea, and Vietnam. A collective form of kin punishment typically...

ISBN 978-1-4696-5020-3. Plokhy, Serhii (2010). The origins of the Slavic nations: premodern identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge...

its thick hide and dense bones rendering them difficult to kill with premodern weapons. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the ancestral species of the domestic...

"Śiva-buddha" in Java and Bali". In Lammerts, D. C. (ed.). Buddhist Dynamics in Premodern and Early Modern Southeast Asia. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 261....

2022. Kypta, Ulla; Bruch, Julia; Skambraks, Tanja (2019). Methods in Premodern Economic History: Case studies from the Holy Roman Empire, c. 1300–c....

Bundeli, and Maithili, among others, all included within the rubric of a premodern Hindi, but which would complicate discussions of an official, modern standard...

others. The historicity of han in premodern Korea is disputed. A national culture of han did not exist in premodern Korea. The contemporary concept of...

ninth century onwards. It is one of the most widely transmitted tales of premodernity, translated and adapted into at least 32 languages, with each version...

The Ethiopian traditional educational system traced back to Axumite period in 330 AD as Christianity first accepted in the region. The education was highly...

geographical horizons. Tanja Michalsky’s department, Cities and Space in Premodernity, focuses on Southern Italy, specifically Naples and the Mediterranean...

sword used here is a narrow definition. This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete, macuahuitl or similar...

The American Society For Premodern Asia (formerly American Oriental Society) is a learned society that encourages basic research in the languages and...

Young Kyun (May 24, 2013). Engraving Virtue: The Printing History of a Premodern Korean Moral Primer. Brill's Korean Studies Library. Vol. 3. Brill Publishers...

BCE". In Ehrlich, Carl S.; Horowitz, Sara R. (eds.). Jewish Studies on Premodern Periods: A Handbook. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110418873...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-520-24500-6....

origins. According to Dunn, Thiel believes that Strauss's retreat to premodern exoteric writing, which "revealed dangerous truths to select audience...

World History of Genocide. Vol. I: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–149. ISBN 978-1-108-49353-6...

expression and gender variance, have been documented globally across both premodern and modern eras, often shaped by locally specific frameworks rather than...

Lawsuits against supernatural beings, such as God or the devil, have occurred in real life and in fiction. Issues debated in the actions include the problem...

and Islam section editor for the Journal of the American Society for Premodern Asia (JASPA). Peri Bearman took degrees in Arabic and Islamic studies...

article "The vulnerability of aging states: A survival analysis across premodern societies" by Marten Scheffer, Egbert van Nes, Luke Kemp, Timothy Kohler...

Prostitution in South Korea is illegal, but according to The Korea Women's Development Institute, the sex trade in Korea was estimated to amount to 14...

The history of lighthouses refers to the development of the use of towers, buildings, or other types of structures as an aid to navigation for maritime...

Taxation in premodern China varied greatly over time. The most important source of state revenue was the tax on agriculture, or land tax. During some...

Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9781134538959. Harry S Neale (2016). Jihad in Premodern Sufi Writings. New York: The Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by...

The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus is a work by Serhii Plokhy and was published by Cambridge University...

no-hitters. The first two major league perfect games, and the only two of the premodern era, were thrown in 1880, five days apart. The frequency of perfect games...

historical evidence (pp.9–10)". Freeman, Rich (2003). "The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Sheldon, Pollock (ed.). Literary Cultures in History. University...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

2022. Scott, A. O. (April 21, 2022). "'The Northman' Review: Danish Premodern". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved...

Peninsula). The basic understanding of the world in this region from premodern times included a flat earth, a solid layer or barrier above the sky (the...

Gandhari (Sanskrit: गान्धारी, lit. 'of Gandhara', IAST: Gāndhārī) is a major character in the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata. She is introduced as a princess...

A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security token...

A cave dweller, or troglodyte, is a human who inhabits a cave or the area beneath the overhanging rocks of a cliff. Some prehistoric humans were cave dwellers...

Callisthenes, and so the author is commonly called Pseudo-Callisthenes. In premodern times, the Alexander Romance underwent more than 100 translations, elaborations...

Great Books of Song House of Zhao Lu You Shao Yong Tang Clan Taxation in premodern China Tianchao Daguo Tiger Cave Kiln Timeline of the Song dynasty Wang...

Sino-Indian Trade Expansion in the Maritime Southeast Asia During the Early Premodern Period". Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 7 (2). doi:10.21463/jmic...

Religions. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1–47. Gosch, Stephen; Stearns, Peter (2007). Premodern Travel in World History. Routledge. pp. 88–99. ISBN 978-0-415-22941-8...

The Sword Verse (Arabic: آية السيف, romanized: ayat as-sayf) is the fifth verse of the ninth surah (at-Tawbah) of the Quran (also written as 9:5). It is...

that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times. Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history. The oldest inscription...

The architectural style of the Tower is inspired by stone pagodas of premodern Korea. The 170-metre (560 ft) structure is a four-sided tapering 150-metre...

dynasty Culture of the Ming dynasty Economy of the Ming dynasty Taxation in premodern China Government of the Ming dynasty History of the Ming dynasty Kingdom...

falsely imagine "to have been seeking to establish a Hindu Rashtra in premodernity". Truschke concludes that Hindutva efforts at altering history textbooks...

geopolitical meaning for over a thousand years after its first appearance. In premodern India, ruling monarchs frequently used the cosmological term Jambudvīpa...

He was the Director of the Charles Singleton Center for the Study of Premodern Europe, an interdisciplinary center for research at Johns Hopkins from...

Commonwealth was ... characterized by religious tolerance unusual in premodern Europe" Gross, Feliks (1999). Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and...

homoerotic relationships between women exist from various dynasties in premodern China; academics emphasize that the way society conceived of these relationships...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-5202-4500-6...

Conversion in Christianity, Judaism and Islam: Coercion and Faith in Premodern Iberia and Beyond. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004416826_006. ISBN 9789004416826...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

A witch's mark, devil's mark or stigma diabolicum was a bodily mark that witch-hunters believed indicated that an individual was a witch, during the height...

northern Sumatra Domenig, G. (3 April 2014). Religion and Architecture in Premodern Indonesia: Studies in Spatial Anthropology. BRILL. p. 477. ISBN 978-90-04-27407-5...

not an agreement between conquered people and a conqueror. However, in premodern times, it was common for European princes to routinely enter into unequal...

Friday, Karl (2012). Japan Emerging: Premodern History to 1850. p. 347. Friday, Karl (2012). Japan Emerging: Premodern History to 1850. p. 315. Friday, Karl...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

dynasty, the Antebellum South and Jim Crow laws in the American South, and premodern Mongolia and Central Asia. The adjective feudal was in use by at least...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Wayback Machine Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York: Cambridge...

Japanese Kingship, p. 308. Engendering faith : women and Buddhism in premodern Japan. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan...

DeVun L (2008). "The Jesus Hermaphrodite: Science and Sex Difference in Premodern Europe". Journal of the History of Ideas. 69 (2): 193–218. doi:10.1353/jhi...

and is derived from a loose translation of the Latin term res publica. Premodern English used the alternative term "commonwealth" in such sense in place...

Economy of Taiwan Economy of Tibet Salt in Chinese history Taxation in premodern China Four occupations Comprador Adam Smith thought China had been long...

rhetoric, poetry, poetics, court cultures, comparative studies of the premodern world and world literature. Her publications include The Dynamics of Masters...

been called to pray and fast alone in a cabin for at least 24 hours. In premodern China, reclusion served as a longstanding and respected tradition, in...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Ko, JHK Haboush & JR Piggott (eds.), Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea and Japan. University of California Press, pp. 279–304. Haboush...

idea of writing as performative labor. The Southern Agrarians celebrated premodern regionalism and opposed the TVA as a modernizing, disruptive force. Cass...

(2017). The Historical Demography of Japan to 1700 (Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History). Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 252–253. ISBN 978-0415707022...

ISBN 978-3-447-05809-4. ISSN 1860-1812. Chaffee, John W. (2018). The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400. New Approaches...

Rohanadeera (eds.), Reflections on a Heritage: Historical Scholarship on Premodern Sri Lanka, Volume 1, part 1, Central Cultural Fund, Colombo, 1998, pp...

Okutama (奥多摩町, Oku-Tama-machi) is a town located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan, at a distance of roughly 60 kilometres (37 mi) west-northwest...

World History of Genocide. Vol. I: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 470–497. doi:10.1017/9781108493536...

University Press Oh, Young Kyun (2013), Engraving Virtue: The Printing of a Premodern Korean Moral Primer, Brill Onken, Björn (2009), "Presses", in Cancik,...

A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or...

of a new interpretation of quantum mechanics that draws heavily from premodern ontology and realism. Smith was born February 18, 1930, in Vienna. He...

Links to related articles v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

September 2022. Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo...

interesting and plausible thesis, which goes like this: On the one hand, premodern Christian culture knew nothing of gay marriage, had no concept of the...

location that is in active use for other purposes. In the context of premodern times, such as in Çatalhöyük and the Bronze Age Aegean, the term refers...

dressed differently as God's outcasts. But Jews also dressed differently in premodern Europe because their rabbis understood any emulation of non-Jews as a...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

World History of Genocide. Vol. 1: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 622–647. doi:10.1017/9781108655989...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

not an agreement between conquered people and a conqueror. However, in premodern times, it was common for European princes to routinely enter into unequal...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

sexuality; University of California, Santa Barbara Matthew Champion History of premodern temporalities; University of Melbourne Roland Betancourt Byzantine art...

leader Warren Jeffs. In Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia in the Premodern Era, circa 600 BCE – 1600 CE, both monogamy and polygyny occurred. Polygyny...

different other than in technicalities from conditions in any other 'premodern' peasant society, including most of China at that time. The power of the...

never played it, go give it a try, and maybe someday we'll get there". Premodern is an unofficial format, created by Martin Berlin in 2012, where only...

Religion. London: Trench, Trubner & Company. p. 167. Hane, Mikiso (2015). Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey. Perez, Louis (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

essay titled Tribunals of Erudition and Taste: or, Why Translations of Premodern Chinese Poetry Are Having a Moment Right Now. The Brocade Zither (Chin-se...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

was outlawed when the Chinese Communist Party came to power in 1949. In premodern China it was illegal and socially disreputable for a man to have more...

Sermon to the Princes". In Ryan, Michael A. (ed.). A Companion to the Premodern Apocalypse. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 260–296. doi:10.1163/9789004307667_010...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

The Book of Lord Shang (traditional Chinese: 商君書; simplified Chinese: 商君书; pinyin: Shāng jūn shū) is an ancient Chinese text from the 3rd century BC, regarded...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

This method excludes indirect deaths for premodern wars and all deaths for unrecorded wars. Few premodern wars were recorded beyond Eurasia and only...

Connected Histories. Foltz, Richard (2010). Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 9780230109100. Elverskog...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

OL 6931635M. Deng, Gang (1999). Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313307126...

punishments such as amputation, stoning and lashing are "bedouin", "tribal", "premodern", "harsh", "outdated" and "barbaric." He goes on to contend that unlike...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

(Hmong Cultural and Resource Center). "Overview of Recent Scholarship on Premodern Hmong History" (). Hmong Studies Journal at Hmong Studies Internet Resource...

Retrieved 14 March 2024. Richards, J.F. (1981). "Mughal State Finance and the Premodern World Economy". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 23 (2): 285–308...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Verschuer, Charlotte (2016), Rice, Agriculture, and the Food Supply in Premodern Japan, Routledge, ISBN 978-1138885219 Faure, Bernard (2021), Rage and...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

conversion in Christianity, Judaism and Islam: coercion and faith in premodern Iberia and beyond. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-41682-6. Ghosh, Shami (2016)...

also produce vitamins as they ferment. However, the common belief that premodern people avoided drinking ordinary water is a myth. While people avoided...

In the historiography of premodern Southeast Asia, a mandala (Sanskrit: मंडल, romanized: maṇḍala, lit. 'circle') is a pattern of political organization...

invasion whose primary purpose was iconoclasm. It was of course, like any premodern military invasion, intended to acquire land and wealth Asher, Frederick...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

2009, p. 106. "Merchants of an Imperial Trade". The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China. New Approaches to Asian History. Cambridge University Press. 1...

Markus (2018). Tomb – Memory – Space: Concepts of Representation in Premodern Christian and Islamic Art (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG...

The history of Vanuatu spans over 3,000 years. Vanuatu was discovered by Austronesians of the Lapita culture 3,000 years ago. Vanuatu first had contact...

because, in contrast to industrial economies, the average income ceiling of premodern agrarian societies was quite low everywhere, possibly not higher than...

Carolina Press. pp. 76–98. ISBN 1-57003-113-4. Huang, Betsy (Winter 2008). "Premodern Orientalist Science Fictions". MELUS. 33 (4). University of Connecticut:...

fake modernization, and changes the dichotomy between modern society and premodern society. Nonhuman actors can be considered as mediators. On the one hand...

his own commentary. While his tafsir had only marginal impact in the premodern period, it gained widespread popularity in modern times, especially among...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

litteratursällskapet i Finland. pp. 132–134. Mia Korpiola: Legal Literacy in Premodern European Societies. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. ISBN 978-3-319-96863-6....

Mythistory. Kelly DeVries, "Teenagers at War During the Middle Ages" in The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society, 1150–1650 (2002) ed by Konrad Eisenbichler...

Temple Bar (Irish: Barra an Teampaill) is an area on the south bank of the River Liffey in central Dublin, Ireland. The area is bounded by the Liffey to...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

conceptions of race. The ethnoromantic fantasy of Vikings and pagans as premodern people subsisting off of the land is informed by the confluence of nationalism...

October 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2017. Wyatt, D. J. (2012:33). The Blacks of Premodern China. United States: University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated....

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

and non-Muslim citizens. It essentially restored the hierarchy of the premodern Ottoman era." Polk, William R. (2018). "The Philosopher of the Muslim...

remained hazardous. Chaffee, John W. (2018). The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China:The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750-1400. Cambridge...

Performance: Théodore Pavie's Histoire des Trois Royaumes". History Retold: Premodern Chinese Texts in Western Translation. Vol. 2. Brill. pp. 57–89. Pavie...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24500-8. Rao...

Language of the Snakes: Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India. pp. 111–140. doi:10.1525/luminos.37.e. ISBN 978-0-520-96881-3....

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

The concept of martyrdom in China during the premodern period largely concerned loyalty to political principles and was developed in modern times by revolutionaries...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520260030 Altekar in Kamath...

arts during the Late Ayutthaya Period. Like many high-ranking figures in premodern Siam, Rama I bore several names and titles over the course of his life—and...

dating back to the Pleistocene in Europe confirms their consumption in premodern times, as well. The Babylonian Talmud Hullin 67b discusses whether the...

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in non-human...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

retrieved 27 March 2023 Charney, Michael W. (26 April 2018), "Warfare in Premodern Southeast Asia", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, Oxford...

Montenegrins). Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York City: Cambridge...

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Transcultural Experiences in the Premodern World, Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture, vol. 14, Berlin...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

to project it backwards onto classical Islamic law. Brown notes that premodern Muslim jurists rather applied the harm principle to judge sexual misconduct...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Sri Lanka is a popular tourist destination. Tourism is a key industry that attracts international tourists yearly. Foreigners visit Sri Lanka to see nature...

Hutchinson as a bewildered pragmatist. By 2004 he portrayed Hutchinson as a premodern thinker locked in an old mindset at a time when Enlightenment ideas were...

"Directed Light in Antonio Gherardi's Avila Chapel". Manipulating Light in Premodern Times. Architectural, Artistic, and Philosophical Aspects (PDF). ISA-stituto...

women of the tribe, and which were probably shocking to observers in premodern and early modern times. In the Middle Ages, some upper-class women wore...

exploits were coalesced into the 3rd century Alexander Romance which, in the premodern period, went through over one hundred recensions, translations, and derivations...

Slavery in China has taken various forms throughout history. Slavery was nominally abolished in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949...

Shanghai Museum. Scala Books. ISBN 9781857591149. Deng, Gang (2002). The Premodern Chinese Economy: Structural Equilibrium and Capitalist Sterility. Routledge...

"Mongkut, Chulalongkorn and the Generations of Siam Reformers in the Premodern Period". VNU Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities. Leonowens...

silver, and likewise silver was consistently worth more than copper. In premodern China, the need for lending and for a medium of exchange that was less...

complex blend of the rational and the supernatural, the modern and the premodern. While it acknowledges a debt to pure faith in a literal reading of the...

includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of premodern China. The term zhonghua minzu was used during the Republic of China from...

Commonwealth was ... characterized by religious tolerance unusual in premodern Europe" Ioffe, Grigory (3 June 2010). "Understanding Belarus: Belarussian...

Alawites, 10,000 Sunni Arabs and 5,000 Arab Christians. For much of its premodern history, Alexandretta, with its capital city Antioch, was considered as...

historical precedents dating back to before the Common Era. However, in premodern periods, government-sponsored afforestation projects along the historical...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

According to Eldar Heide, "there is quite a bit of evidence that Loki in premodern society was thought to be the causer of knots/tangles/loops, or himself...

Sino-Indian Trade Expansion in the Maritime Southeast Asia During the Early Premodern Period". Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 7 (2). doi:10.21463/jmic...

earthquake was recorded. 1848 (Kōka 5): The last subscription noh of the premodern era. During these years, Hiroshige began making a series of prints showing...

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Transcultural Experiences in the Premodern World. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Vol. 14. Berlin...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Postmodernism → Category v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian...

the development of postcolonial approaches to the European Middle Ages, premodern critical race studies, and critical early global studies. Heng studied...

Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares. Singapore: Singapore University Press, National...

britannica.com. 2025-05-03. Retrieved 2025-06-12. Birch, Jennifer (2022). "Premodern Confederacies: Balancing Strategic Collective Action and Local Autonomy"...

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, p. 224 Hane, M. (2018). Premodern Japan: A historical survey. Routledge. Hall, J. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu:...

cultural conditioning. This notion of mindfulness is at variance with premodern Buddhist epistemologies in several respects. Traditional Buddhist practices...

W. (eds.). Significant Others: Aspects of Deviance and Difference in Premodern Court Cultures. Routledge. pp. 143–179. Baumgartner, Frederic J. (1996)...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

2011. Deng, Gang (1999). Maritime sector, institutions, and sea power of premodern China. Contributions in economics and economic history. Vol. 212 (illustrated ed...

Retrieved 27 January 2023. (Salomon 1998:29) 'The terminology for the various premodern Brahmi-derived scripts is, however, largely unstandardized and typically...

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Transcultural Experiences in the Premodern World. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Vol. 14. Berlin...

David Goodblatt writes that there is a "distinct possibility of finding premodern groups that meet the criteria for a nation (not just for ethnicity), with...

An intermediate cartridge is a rifle/carbine cartridge that has significantly greater power than a pistol cartridge but still has a reduced muzzle energy...

Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and...

1896) Samding Dorje Phagmo XII, Dechen Chökyi Dronma (born 1938?) In premodern Tibet, the successive incarnations of Dorje Pakmo were treated with royal...

Journal of the American Oriental Society. 75 (2). American Society For Premodern Asia: 100–116. doi:10.2307/595012. JSTOR 595012. Muhammad, Samir (2022)...

She also emphasized that this book is one of the very few studies on premodern science that “combines good history with good philology”. Bouras-Vallianatos...

Contributions to the Study of the Impact of War on Folk Literature in Premodern Japan". Comparative Civilizations Review 4: 1–28. Archived from the original...

Marit; Guðmundsdóttir, Aðalheiður (eds.). The Sacred and the Profane in Premodern Icelandic Literature, ca. 1500–1800. The Northern Medieval World: On the...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

of M. H. Shakir. Sarah R. bin Tyeer The Qur’an and the Aesthetics of Premodern Arabic Prose Springer 2016 ISBN 978-1-137-59875-2 page 82 Muhittin Akgul...

heavily contested. Aside from Upapuranas and two genealogies (Kulajis), premodern Bengali literature does not discuss details of the caste's origins, nor...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

infliction of demonic torment upon an individual has been chronicled in premodern Protestant literature. In 1597, King James discussed four methods of daemonic...

to one's research proposal, although major changes, for example from premodern to modern history, are discouraged). In the case of Ph.D.s, the research...

cultural conditioning. This notion of mindfulness is at variance with premodern Buddhist epistemologies in several respects. Traditional Buddhist practices...

term "abode of war" was simply a description of the harsh reality of the premodern world. According to Majid Khadduri, the fundamental distinction between...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Shehnaz (May 2023). "The Qur'an on Muslim Women's Marriage to Non-Muslims: Premodern Exegetical Strategies, Contradictions, and Assumptions". Journal of Qur'anic...

melancholia and trauma take the functional place ritual laments hold in premodern societies. This entails a shift from a focus on community and convention...

Monica H. Green is an American historian of science who specializes in premodern and medieval plagues and medicine. She also has extensive research into...

ISBN 978-1-138-56239-4. Plokhy, Serhii (2006), The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, Cambridge University Press...

Review Archived 2009-04-09 at the Wayback Machine of Holsinger, The Premodern Condition, in Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature 6:1 (Winter 2007)...

Paradigm of the Middle Ages". In Ryan, Michael A. (ed.). A Companion to the Premodern Apocalypse. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 64. Leiden...

Grund, in: Saskia Quené (ed.): Between Figure and Ground. Seeing in Premodernity, Berlin/Boston 2025, pp. 615–648, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783422801226-019...

ruled by the pope. The monarchies can be divided into two broad classes: premodern states and those that gained their independence during or immediately...

(2016). The Qutodian revolution : Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India, part 2. Columbia University Press. p. 159. Pandit...

Keller, Matthew Paul (2022): The Appeal of the Fox: The Cult of Inari and Premodern Japan. University of Southern California. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and...

World History of Genocide. Vol. I: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 547–571. doi:10.1017/9781108655989...

Consolidator Grant project Know: Polymathy and Interdisciplinarity in Premodern Islamic Epistemic Cultures, which investigates the interplay of various...

research has been conducted as to how large the Hanafi population was in premodern Zeila. Through extensive trade with Abyssinia and Arabia, Adal attained...

The Jerusalem Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, romanized: Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short), also known as the Talmud of the Land...

March 2014 Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York: Cambridge...

Railways Africa. 2010-12-19. Retrieved 2010-12-19. Davis, Sara (2006). "Premodern Flows in Postmodern China: Globalisation and the Sipsongpanna Tais". Centering...

adelphopoiesis explicitly highlighted the spiritual nature of the union in premodern Christian terms. Some more recent scholarship has investigated Boswell's...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

of architect, craftsman, and engineer was not as highly respected in premodern Chinese society as the scholar-bureaucrats who were drafted into the government...

implication which reasserts the "superiority of western culture over premodernity and nature", conveyed through the illusion of realism employed by the...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Intellectual History, MIT Press, p. 61. Evelyn Fox Keller, "Marrying the premodern to postmodern: computers and organism after World War II", in: M. Norton...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Before and after Print". In Kogman Appel, Katrin; Steinmann, Ilona (eds.). Premodern Jewish Books, their Makers and Readers in an Era of Media Change. Brepols...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

skirts or certain types of women's traditional clothing (such as the premodern kimono) without risk of exposure, so an alternative informal sitting posture...

ISBN 9780752474441. Serhii Plokhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Cambridge University Press...

(2016). The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India. Columbia University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780231175807...

Abstract strategy games are games like chess, checkers and Go. They are typically strategy games with minimal or no narrative theme, an outcome determined...

(July 1, 2000). The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-8248-2334-4. Sansom...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

October 2018. Gamliel, Ophira (2018). "Back from Shingly: Revisiting the Premodern History of Jews in Kerala" (PDF). The Indian Economic and Social History...

World History of Genocide. Vol. 1: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 622–647. doi:10.1017/9781108655989...

Martina (2015). Under the Ancestors' Eyes: Kinship, Status, and Locality in Premodern Korea. Vol. 378 (1 ed.). Harvard University Asia Center. doi:10.2307/j...

Map of Jewish communities in India. Greyed out labels indicate ancient or premodern communities...

p. 89. Ruch, Barbara (2002). Engendering Faith: Women and Buddhism in Premodern Japan. Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan. pp. 254–258...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-24500-6. Woodard...

ISBN 0-406-94801-1 Stephen J. Milner, At the Margins: Minority Groups in Premodern Italy, Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8166-3820-9, p. 62. Rocke...

colliding montage, dissonant sonic accompaniment, and the juxtaposition of premodern, pastoral and modern sounds and visual elements, Touki Bouki conveys and...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Arithmetica is the major work of Diophantus and the most prominent work on premodern algebra in Greek mathematics. It is a collection of 290 algebraic problems...

Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage and the Religious Landscape of Premodern Japan. BRILL. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-68417-399-0. "【藤原道長はなぜ躍進？】摂関政治をわかりやす...

example, has been very helpful in reconstructing the pronunciations of premodern forms of Chinese. Bopomofo (or zhuyin) is a semi-syllabary that is still...

2023). "The vulnerability of aging states: A survival analysis across premodern societies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (48)...

Links to related articles v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian...

Young Kyun (24 May 2013). Engraving Virtue: The Printing History of a Premodern Korean Moral Primer. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004251960. Deposed Queen Lady Yun's...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

September 1993. Foltz, Richard C. (2010). Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-62125-1...

Communication Center's major biographical series of six Westerners in premodern China also featured Schall von Bell. He is also visible in Chinese soap...

López-Farjeat, Luis Xavier; Oschman, Nicholas A. (eds.). Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy (1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 246–275. doi:10.4324/9781003309895-13...

methods of birth control—mostly intravaginal tampons—were also used by premodern women and the commonest view was that these should only be employed if...

biblical history, and were the "fathers of meaning in history." However, premodern Judaism before the Renaissance often didn't focus on post-biblical history...

state bans discussion of such. Technology and knowledge have devolved to premodern levels, and human life expectancy is around forty years. The government...

JaHyun Kim; Piggott, Joan, eds. (2003). Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23138-2...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

ISBN 978-3-643-90069-2. Hanley, Susan B. (1999). Everyday things in premodern Japan: the hidden legacy of material culture. University of California...

Bitter Winter. Retrieved 2024-05-11. Matthee, Rudi (2023). "Alcohol in the Premodern Islamic World ( c . 600 to c . 1400)". Angels Tapping at the Wine-shop's...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

itself." Plokhy, Serhii (2006-09-07). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Cambridge University Press...

doi:10.1525/vs.2021.16.3.1. S2CID 239664431. "A Really Great Article on (Premodern) Vietnamese Religion" Archived 2023-12-12 at the Wayback Machine. Review...

Bible, the New Testament, and the Qur'an. When the term was used in the premodern West, it did not refer to discrete sets of beliefs and practices, but...

398. ISBN 9788188765072. Freeman, Rich (2003). "The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Sheldon, Pollock (ed.). Literary Cultures in History. University...

Premodern Japan Part of a series on the politics and government of Japan during the Nara and Heian periods Daijō-kan (Council of State) Chancellor / Chief minister...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Talcott Parsons) Talcott Parsons and Victor M. Lidz (eds.), Readings in Premodern Societies. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1972. In 1930 Parson's published...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Samson Raphael Hirsch) a broad stream that embraced all opponents of the premodern status quo... to a more clearly marked current which rejected not only...

Pennsylvania Press, 2013) 212 pp Shaw Romney, Susanah. "Peter Stuyvesant: Premodern Man" Reviews in American History (2014) 42#4 pp 584–589. review of Merwick...

they are seen as "in charge" of water-related weather phenomena. In premodern times, many Chinese villages (especially those close to rivers and seas)...

changes were inextricably linked in history. Essential to the change from a premodern economy to a market economy was the altering of human economic mentalities...

Hindu. Freeman, Rich (2003). "Genre and Society: The Literary Culture of Premodern Kerala". In Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia...

females in red, and those related by marriage in white. The majority of premodern text surrounding the Alcmaeonids can be found in Herodotus' Histories:...

part of the party's policy of preserving the best from Korea's past, premodern vernacular works such as the Sasong kibong (Encounter of Four Persons)...

Pederasty existed as a socially acknowledged and accepted practice in some premodern societies. In most countries today, the local age of consent determines...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93202-9. Arnold...

Conversion in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam: Coercion and Faith in Premodern Iberia and Beyond. Numen Book Series. Vol. 164. Leiden and Boston: Brill...

(2023). "The Odae chinŏn (Five Great Mantras) and Dhāraṇī Collections in Premodern Korea". Religions. 14: 8. doi:10.3390/rel14010008. ProQuest 2767287120...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

and Muslim usage. Mercantile, religious and political links across the premodern Mediterranean meant that these items found parallel employment all around...

(London: C. Hurst & Co., 2024) – looks at the history of Serbia from premodern times up to 1941. Hoare is the recipient of the 2010 Congress of North...

education were, still yet, incomparably pronounced compared to any other premodern civilization in human history by a massive margin. In the 16th century...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

by women. According to the Iranian scholar Mehrdad Alipour, "...in the premodern period, Muslim societies were aware of five manifestations of gender ambiguity:...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

(third-nature). Texts suggest that third sex individuals were well known in premodern India and included male-bodied or female-bodied people as well as intersex...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Kiyomori Kamakura shogunate Friday, Karl F. (2012-03-06). Japan emerging : premodern history to 1850. Boulder, Colorado. ISBN 978-0-8133-4561-1. OCLC 787849954...

Face-to-Face: Sinitic Brushtalk (漢文筆談) as an Age-Old Lingua-Cultural Practice in Premodern East Asian Cross-Border Communication". China and Asia. 2 (2): 195–196...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

the same characters as Guanshiyin); the spelling Kwannon, based on a premodern pronunciation, is sometimes seen. This rendition was used for an earlier...

hereditary. The system did not factor in all social groups present in premodern Chinese society, and its broad categories were more an idealization than...

India Today, Aug 2016. Gosch, Stephen S. & Stearns, Peter N. (2007), Premodern Travel in World History, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-92695-1, p.12. Moorey...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

October 2014. Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York: Cambridge...

these suggest an intention to employ appeals to Saudi family values and premodern Islamic law in order to maintain the traditional patriarchal family structure...

distribution of state power among small states within large kingdoms in premodern Southeast Asia. Two notable examples of this multi-centric nature of Champa...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Historical Survey. Scribner. p. 32. ISBN 9780684127071. Louis Perez (2018). Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey. Routledge. ISBN 9780429974441. Brinkley, Frank...

Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares. NUS Press. Guillermo, A.R. (2012). History...

Mikael S. (2000). The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 77. ISBN 9780824823344. "Gregory...

Neomedievalism, Neoconservatism, and the War on Terror (Chicago, 2007) The Premodern Condition: Medievalism and the Making of Theory (Chicago, 2005) Music...

Marit; Guðmundsdóttir, Aðalheiður (eds.). The Sacred and the Profane in Premodern Icelandic Literature, ca. 1500–1800. The Northern Medieval World: On the...

Bhairabi Prasad (13 January 2022). The Routledge Handbook of the State in Premodern India. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-48514-1. Brighenti, Francesco...

ISBN 9781118396988. Martin, Joanna; Wingfield, Emily (16 June 2017). Premodern Scotland: Literature and Governance 1420-1587. Oxford University Press...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Cambridge History of Africa, Volum 3 - Page 138 Wyatt, The Blacks of Premodern China pp.97-8; Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores pp.18-19...

London: Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-45477-4. Morality Plays - Web resource at premodernity.net. NewPlays.org.uk - A brief history of Morality Plays. Herbermann...

ISBN 9783447058094. ISSN 1860-1812. Chaffee, John W. (2018). The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400. Cambridge...

papal–Byzantine relations, and long-distance cultural exchange in the premodern world. His work integrates regional and global perspectives, particularly...

(1072-1127)", in Lammerts, Dietrich Christian (ed.), Buddhist Dynamics in Premodern and Early Modern Southeast Asia, ISEAS Publishing, Institute of Southeast...

– Some Preliminary Observations". Encountering Buddhism and Islam in Premodern Central and South Asia. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 203–218. Rajgor...

Paradigm of the Middle Ages". In Ryan, Michael A. (ed.). A Companion to the Premodern Apocalypse. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Vol. 64. Leiden...

University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5. Powers, David S. (2017). "Fatwā, premodern". In Kate Fleet; Gudrun Krämer; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson...

pilgrimages. Aristocratic Japanese women often became Buddhist nuns in the premodern period. Originally it was thought they could not gain salvation because...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

mashruiyat-yabi-ye siyasi-ye salatin Safi, Omid (2006). The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry. University of North...

the scene shows how Evangelion has some "nostalgic aspects" for the premodern pastoral world. Napier also described the pastoral scene as an example...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

(2006), "The Lithuanian solution", The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, Cambridge: Cambridge University...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Deng, Kent G. (July 2003), Fact or Fiction? Re-examination of Chinese Premodern Population Statistics (PDF), Working Paper, No. 76/03, London: Department...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24500-8. Sircar, D....

danka system continues to exist today, although not as strictly as in the premodern period, causing much of Japanese Buddhism to also be labeled as "Funeral...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

the Great Bright Miwa Deity: A Transformation of the Sacred Mountain in Premodern Japan". Monumenta Nipponica. 65 (2): 245–296. doi:10.1353/mni.2010.0003...

to have Indian connections as Tenjiku-gaku; these categories reflect premodern Japanese understandings of the music's origins. At the eye-opening ceremony...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Country (744–840), the Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212), and so forth. The premodern states' wars against Chinese dynasties were cast as struggles for national...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Publishing House. 2006. ISBN 9787214040978.. The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The Social History of a Trade Diaspora, 700-1400. Cambridge University...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

common land were among the most frequent forms of social conflict in premodern Swiss society. Institutional descendants of the system survive today in...

spirit narratives inevitably faced considerable constraints. Consequently, premodern Korean fox spirit traditions remained limited in both quantity and quality...

with footnotes. Auer, Blain (2019). Encountering Buddhism and Islam in Premodern Central and South Asia. De Gruyter. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-11-063168-5. "Nalanda:...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

and murders. The etymology of two common terms for peace officers in premodern times indicates that their major role may have been to prevent horse theft—or...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

alkali carbonatite, making it the earliest well-documented example of premodern natrocarbonatite volcanism. The main carbonate mineral was nyerereite...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93202-9. Rocher...

The practice of induced abortion—the deliberate termination of a pregnancy—has been known since ancient times. Various methods have been used to perform...

inanimate matter. Brown also notes that practices such as animal trials in premodern Europe suggest that animals were often treated as beings capable of agency...

Fink Verlag. Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York: Cambridge...

order of Qisas (equality in punishment). — Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:83:32 Many premodern Islamic scholars ruled, based on hadith, that when the victim was a non-Muslim...

" in Willemien Otten and Karla Pollmann (eds), Poetry and Exegesis in Premodern Latin Christianity: The Encounter between Classical and Christian Strategies...

Windows Open': Urban Space and the Dynamics of Conflict and Contact in Premodern Jewish–Christian Relations". European History Quarterly. 46 (2): 209–237...

unguided by the psychoanalytic metaphor of God's "Original Presence". Premodern philosophers also thought up a formless chora, a pre-universal "chaos"...

2023-08-20. Ulrich Theobald (25 May 2016). "Silver Ingots as Money in Premodern China. Silver ingots (yinding 銀錠, yinkuai 銀塊, yinliang 銀兩) were one of...

surfing was practiced throughout Polynesia and elsewhere in the Pacific in premodern times, and that surfing has been culturally significant in Hawaiʻi for...

1720L. doi:10.1029/2018GC008067. ISSN 1525-2027. S2CID 134293545. "A Premodern History of the Odowara". Zombie Zodiac. November 17, 2014. Retrieved November...

eds. (2021). Significant Others: Aspects of Deviance and Difference in Premodern Court Cultures. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003023906. ISBN 9781003023906...

Premodern Japan Part of a series on the politics and government of Japan during the Nara and Heian periods Daijō-kan (Council of State) Chancellor / Chief minister...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

weapons and blades, as well as other cold weapons, are associated with the premodern age but continue to be used in modern armies. Combat knives and knife...

Sciences," in P. Salguero (ed.), Buddhism and Medicine—An Anthology of Premodern Sources, 441–453. Young, Stuart H. (2002), Biography of the Bodhisattva...

ISBN 978-0-674-00244-9. Seth, Michael J. (2016), A Concise History of Premodern Korea (2nd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-1-4422-6043-6. Shim, Jae-hoon...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

back to Thomas Aquinas theory of common good being widespread in whole premodern Europe. In a later work, Niccolò Machiavelli speaks of the bene commune...

of modernity." Historian David Goodblatt also supports the view that premodern groups can meet the criteria for a nation, with the Jews being a prime...

(2001). "Introduction: The Problematic Status of Astrology and Alchemy in Premodern Europe". Secrets of Nature: Astrology and Alchemy in Early Modern Europe...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

(editor), ISBN 978-0-19-020224-8 Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015 (co-editor), ISBN 978-1-107-08920-4...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

of Kyoto. Stavros, Matthew (2014), Kyoto: An Urban History of Japan's Premodern Capital, University of Hawaiʻi Press, JSTOR j.ctt13x1jnk Japan portal...

Fabio; Porath, Or (eds.). Rituals of Initiation and Consecration in Premodern Japan: Power and Legitimacy in Kingship, Religion, and the Arts. Walter...

transcriptions, medieval vocalization systems, and modern reading traditions. Premodern Hebrew had a typically Semitic nonconcatenative morphology, arranging...

made a prisoner Richards, J. F. (1981). "Mughal State Finance and the Premodern World Economy". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 23 (2): 285–308...

Premodern Japan Part of a series on the politics and government of Japan during the Nara and Heian periods Daijō-kan (Council of State) Chancellor / Chief minister...

the destruction of Tenochtitlán (1521) and Moscow (1812) as examples of premodern urbicide. The Mongols under Genghis Khan's leadership destroyed many cities...

in Fourteenth-Century London". In Fradenburg, L.; Freccero, C. (eds.). Premodern Sexualities. London: Routledge. pp. 99–116. ISBN 978-1-31779-580-3. Karras...

universe, such manipulations (and outcomes) are highly congruent with the premodern enchanted worldview that sees symbolic relationships as having their own...

'The Dialogue of the Twa Wyfeis'", Joanna Martin and Emily Wingfield, Premodern Scotland: Literature and Governance (Oxford, 2017), p. 199. Antonia Fraser...

is common. Economic thought may be roughly divided into three phases: premodern (Greco-Roman, Indian, Persian, Islamic, and Imperial Chinese), early modern...

needed] Geomancy was a common, and cross cultural, forms of divination in premodern times. In regard to Africa and Europe, it was considered a forbidden practice...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

widespread agreement that the French Revolution was the watershed between the premodern and modern eras of Western history. The first writings on the French revolution...

Egyptian origin. He is credited with the invention of Greek fire, the premodern precedent of the flamethrower. According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus...

Turkish Love Poems (Syracuse University Press, 2005). The first section of "Premodern poems," includes love poems, mystical love poems, classical lyrics, poems...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

ISBN 978-0824857028. Friday, Karl F., ed. (2017). Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781351692021. Fung, Yiu-ming...

Charlotte; Cobcroft, Wendy (2016). Rice, Agriculture, and the Food Supply in Premodern Japan. New York: Routledge. pp. 1–2, 12–20, 119–125, 195–210, 231–321...

Frisian Countryside", Communities, Environment and Regulation in the Premodern World, Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, vol. 20, Turnhout...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

the FRC's resolution, saying that "Only a colonial mentality, narrow, premodern, medieval and discriminatory, can deny entry to Peru to a brother who...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Al-ʿAqīda al-Ṭaḥāwiyya (Arabic: العقيدة الطحاوية), also known from its incipit as Bayān ʿaqīdat ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamāʿa, is a concise Arabic treatise...

Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt. A direct student of Ibn Khaldun, al-Maqrīzī was born in Cairo to...

derogatory, implying that parties have too much power—in a similar vein, in premodern times it was often argued that democracy was merely rule by the demos...

Represented by Rājataraṅgiṇī Authors". Encountering Buddhism and Islam in Premodern Central and South Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 128–160. doi:10.1515/9783110631685-006...

compass and ability to steer at sea with the 1st century sternpost rudder, premodern Chinese sailors sailed as far as East Africa. In water-powered clockworks...

associated with western dialects, and iite and even ite were recorded in premodern Christian material. It has been hypothesized that the emergence of the...

World History of Genocide. Vol. I: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-10864-034-3...

single Zen code governed all warriors. Japanese historians have documented premodern ideals of loyalty, remonstrance, honor and self-command within warrior...

ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6. Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (PDF). New York: Cambridge...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

This is an index of lists of weapons. List of surviving ancient ships List of medieval weapons List of American Indian Wars weapons List of ships captured...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Premodern Japan Part of a series on the politics and government of Japan during the Nara and Heian periods Daijō-kan (Council of State) Chancellor / Chief minister...

(2016). The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54241-8...

Charlotte, and Wendy Cobcroft. Rice, agriculture, and the food supply in premodern Japan (Routledge, 2016). Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina; Duffett, Rachel;...

Cordelia Beattie, Matthew Frank Stevens, Married Women and the Law in Premodern Northwest Europe (Boydell, 2013), p. 179. Henry Paton, HMC Mar & Kellie...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Divination." Signs and Signification in a Global Comparative Perspective: Premodern and Early Modern Sources in Original and Translation 12 (2025): 37. Field...

title "Naittiyar". The family of chieftains that ruled the polities in premodern Kerala was known as the swaroopam. The rulers of Calicut belonged to "Nediyirippu...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Champakalakshmi, R.; Veluthat, K.; Venugopalan, T. R. (eds.). State and Society in Premodern South India. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. Karashima, Noburu, ed. (2014)...

JaHyun Kim Haboush, Joan R. Piggott Women and Confucian cultures in premodern China, Korea, and Japan. University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0-520-23138-4...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

Rosemarijn; Nordholt, Henk Schulte (eds.). Religion and Architecture in Premodern Indonesia: Studies in Spatial Anthropology. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk...

Longevity myths are traditions about long-lived people (generally supercentenarians), either as individuals or groups of people, and practices that have...

Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares. Singapore: Singapore University Press, National...

the notions of culture and education were with Chinese civilization in premodern Vietnam. Pelley compared Chinese culture in Vietnam to Greek and Roman...

to project it backwards onto classical Islamic law. Brown notes that premodern Muslim jurists rather applied the harm principle to judge sexual misconduct...

246–252. ISBN 978-0-674-17103-9. Americo, M. (2017). "A brief history of premodern astronomical models". The Classical Outlook. 92 (3): 94–101. JSTOR 26431167...

the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times Transcultural Experiences in the Premodern World. De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110321517. Finlay, George (1844), History...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Localizing Paradise: Kumano Pilgrimage and the Religious Landscape of Premodern Japan. BRILL. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-68417-399-0. Sekai isan baka : Jitsuroku...

Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-33879-7. Wyatt, Don J. (2012-02-28). The Blacks of Premodern China. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8122-0358-5...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Ritual Authenticity: The Ordination Traditions of Aristocratic Women in Premodern Japan". (2006) Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. Volume 33, Number...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

Moukheiber, Karen and Tolino, Serena. Slavery and the Shaping of the Premodern Muslim Family, De Gruyter, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112231227...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

pages 102–114 Haruko, W., & Gay, S. (1984). Marriage and property in premodern Japan from the perspective of women's history. Journal of Japanese Studies...

Metamodernity, Andersen explores the possible integration of indigenous, premodern, modern, and postmodern cultural code into one future cultural code that...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

out by women. According to the Iranian scholar Mehrdad Alipour, "in the premodern period, Muslim societies were aware of five manifestations of gender ambiguity:...

the Teochew coming-of-age ceremony Secular coming-of-age ceremony In premodern Japan, ages 15, 16, 17, etc. corresponded roughly with modern Japanese...

court of James IV', Janay Nugent & Elizabeth Ewan, Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland (Boydell, 2015), pp. 21–2. Robert Kerr Hannay, Letters of James...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

bin Tyeer, Sarah R (10 September 2016). The Qur'an and the Aesthetics of Premodern Arabic Prose. Springer. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-137-59875-2. v t e v t e...

academia advance pro-astrology views that were unrivaled in premodern times. In premodern periods, astrology was known as ḥakhemat ham-mazzalot (Hebrew:...

Kimberley Reynolds, Ciara Rawnsley, Death, Emotion and Childhood in Premodern Europe, Springer, 2017, pp. 142-143 Boström, K. “Jan Vermeer and Cornelis...

Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192595355. Dunstan, Helen (2004). "Premodern Chinese Political Thought". In Gaus, Gerald F. (ed.). Handbook of Political...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

History of technology By technological eras Premodern / Pre-industrial Prehistoric Stone Age (lithic) First Agricultural Revolution Copper Age Urban revolution...

2003: 21–43. Morris, Marilyn (2006). "Transgendered Perspectives on Premodern Sexualities". SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900. 46 (3): 585–600...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. ISBN 0-5202-4500-8. Archived from...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

violent defensive game, with resource systematic to the old law of British premodern football, "hacking" or trip, known in the Río de la Plata as "ax". The...

JSTOR 26860254. Conrau-Lewis, Kyle (23 February 2021). "The Index in the Premodern and Modern World". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature. Oxford...

Granada". In North, Janice; Alvestad, Karl C.; Woodacre, Elena (eds.). Premodern Rulers and Postmodern Viewers. p. 312. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68771-1_15...

1017/s0022463401000066. JSTOR 20072321. Don J. Wyatt (2011). The Blacks of Premodern China. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780812203585. Anshan...

Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. University of California Press. •⁠ ⁠Settar, S. (1992). Inviting...

Marathas and Bengal. Tapan Raychaudhuri uses its example to argue that the premodern literary culture in Bengal did not register any memory of the Islamic...

to guide the people to salvation, during the era of shinbutsu-shūgō in premodern Japan. The words gonge (権化) and kegen (化現) are synonyms for gongen. Gongen...

between the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries." in Flaying in the Premodern World: Practice and Representation, ed. by L. Tracy (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer...

ISBN 978-0521450119. Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Cambridge University Press...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

William Theodore De Bary (2008). Sources of East Asian Tradition: Premodern Asia, Volume 1. Columbia University Press. pp. 301–305. ISBN 978-0-231-14305-9...

Retrieved 9 November 2020. Friday, Karl (2017). Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History. Taylor & Francis. p. 233. ISBN 9781351692021. "儒家思想对越南的影响"...

The history of ballooning, both with hot air and gas, spans many centuries. It includes many firsts, including the first human flight, first flight across...

spaces. 'In premodern societies, space and place largely coincided ... Modernity increasingly tears space away from place'. Whereas in the premodern "everything...

(2024). "Annotated Translation". Āsanas of the Yogacintāmaṇi: The Largest Premodern Compilation on Postural Practice. Paris and Pondicherry: École française...

ISBN 0664241859[page needed] Boswell, John (1994). Same-sex unions in premodern Europe (1st ed.). New York: Villard Books. pp. 135–137. ISBN 978-0679432289...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

1992, ISBN 0-9518399-1-8 Richard Foltz. Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization, 2nd edn. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-62125-1...

Jonathan (eds.). Significant Others: Aspects of Deviance and Difference in Premodern Court Cultures. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003023906. ISBN 9781003023906...

Retrieved 17 March 2024. Hanley, Susan B. (28 April 2023). Everyday Things in Premodern Japan: The Hidden Legacy of Material Culture. University of California...

This section needs expansion with: premodern history. You can help by adding missing information. (October 2024)...

v t e Economy of China Companies of China History History Republican Premodern Monetary policy Reform and opening up Five-year plans Industrial Revolution...

v t e Premodern, Modern and Contemporary art movements List of art movements/periods Premodern (Western) Ancient Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic...

"Japanese personal names as social markers of rank and individuality in premodern and contemporary times". Beiträge zur Namenforschung. 52 (3). Heidelberg:...

University, 1995. UMI, 9528935. Tong, James W. Collective Violence in a Premodern Society: Rebellions and Banditry in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Dissertation...

Machine Kaplan: pg. 5 Hammond, Kenneth James (2002). The Human Tradition in Premodern China, Human tradition around the world, No. 4. Scholarly Resources Inc...

The following lists are of prominent jurists, including judges, listed in alphabetical order by jurisdiction. Ur-Nammu Hammurabi Bakenranef Solomon Manu...