Pili bifurcati

Pili bifurcati
Specialty	Dermatology

Pili bifurcati is characterized by bifurcation found in short segments along the shafts of several hairs, with each branch of the bifurcation being covered with its own cuticle.^{[1]: 768 [2]}

Signs and symptoms

Pili bifurcati is defined by uneven bifurcation of the hair shaft.^[3] Every bifurcation forms two distinct parallel branches that eventually unite to form a single shaft. Each branch of the subsequent bifurcations is entirely encased in its own cuticle.^[4]

Causes

The etiology of pili bifurcati is a temporary duplication of the papilla tip that occurs during the anagen phase. This temporary production results in two full shafts that emerge from a single pilary canal within the same follicular matrix.^[5]

Diagnosis

Hair shaft analysis and trichogram are used to make the diagnosis. Reduced hair shaft caliber and a high percentage of dystrophic anagen hairs may be seen in the first. Patients with protein deficits can have hypopigmentation and telogen effluvium. Hair shafts studied under light microscopy reveals the distinctive bifurcations.^[3]

See also

• List of cutaneous conditions
• Pili multigemini – multiple hairs growing from the same source.
• Ringed hair

References

1. James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
2. Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
3. Echeverría, Ximena P.; Romero, William A.; Carreño, Néstor R.; Zegpi, María S.; González, Sergio J. (2009). "Hair Shaft Abnormalities. Pili Bifurcati: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis". Pediatric Dermatology. 26 (2): 169–170. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2009.00877.x. ISSN 0736-8046. PMID 19419464.
4. Camacho, F M; Happle, R; Tosti, A; Whiting, D (2000). "The different faces of pili bifurcati. A review". European Journal of Dermatology. 10 (5): 337–340. PMID 10882940.
5. "Orphanet: Pili bifurcati". Orphanet. 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-03-23.

Further reading

• Ruiz-Villaverde, R; Villanova-Mateu, A; Ortega del Olmo, R; Sanchez-Cano, D (2006-07-19). "Pseudomonilethrix type II and pili bifurcati". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 20 (7). Wiley: 889–890. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01564.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
• Weary, Peyton E. (1973-09-01). "Pili Bifurcati: A New Anomaly of Hair Growth". Archives of Dermatology. 108 (3): 403. doi:10.1001/archderm.1973.01620240053016. ISSN 0003-987X.

External links

• Defects of the hair shaft - DermNet