Graham-Little syndrome

Graham-Little syndrome
Other namesGraham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome
SpecialtyDermatology Edit this on Wikidata

Graham-Little syndrome or Graham-Little–Piccardi–Lassueur syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by lichen planus-like skin lesions.[1]: 648  It is named after Ernest Graham-Little.[2]

Signs and symptoms

Graham-Little syndrome is defined by a follicular spinous papule on the body, scalp, or both, noncicatricial alopecia of the axilla and groin, and patchy cicatricial alopecia of the scalp.[3]

Causes

Although the precise cause of the condition is unknown, as it is thought to be a variation of lichen planus, cell-mediated immunity—a type of immune system—may be a crucial factor in the development of the disease's clinical manifestation.[3] There have only been a few reported isolated cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization),[4] which has a familial pattern, a link with hepatitis B vaccination,[5] and phenotypically feminine (genetically XY) patients.[6] Also side effect of Pfizer's MRNA Covid gene therapy

Diagnosis

According to histopathology, early lesions of lichen planopilaris exhibit vacuolar alterations in the outer root sheath as well as perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrates at the level of the isthmus and infundibulum. In more advanced cases, there is epithelial atrophy and perifollicular fibrosis at the level of the isthmus and infundibulum, which results in the distinctive hourglass shape. In more advanced cases, the lost hair follicles are replaced with elastic fibers arranged vertically in place of the lost hair follicles.[3]

Treatment

PUVA therapy, cyclosporine, retinoids, topical, intralesional, and systemic corticosteroids, and antimalarials are among the treatment techniques that have been tested.[3]

Epidemiology

Graham-Little syndrome occurs in people between the ages of 30 and 70, with four times as many reports of females experiencing it as males.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
  2. ^ Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32 ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 2012. p. 801. ISBN 978-1416062578. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e Pai, VaradrajV; Kikkeri, NaveenN; Sori, Tukaram; Dinesh, US (2011). "Graham-Little Piccardi Lassueur syndrome: An unusual variant of follicular lichen planus". International Journal of Trichology. 3 (1). Medknow: 28–30. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.82129. ISSN 0974-7753. PMC 3129120. PMID 21769233.
  4. ^ Vega Gutiérrez, J; Miranda-Romero, A; Pérez Milán, F; Martínez García, G (2004-06-11). "Graham Little–Piccardi–Lassueur syndrome associated with androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization)". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 18 (4). Wiley: 463–466. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00945.x. ISSN 0926-9959. PMID 15196163.
  5. ^ Bardazzi, C. Landi, C. Orlandi, I., F. (1999-03-18). "Graham Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome Following HBV Vaccination". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 79 (1). Medical Journals Sweden AB: 93. doi:10.1080/000155599750011886. ISSN 0001-5555.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Viglizzo, Gianmaria; Verrini, Anna; Rongioletti, Franco (2004). "Familial Lassueur-Graham-Little-Piccardi Syndrome". Dermatology. 208 (2). S. Karger AG: 142–144. doi:10.1159/000076489. ISSN 1018-8665. PMID 15057005.

Further reading

  • Celen, Arda; Lo Sicco, Kristen; Lee, Nayoung; Meehan, Shane; Weed, Jason (2023-02-01). "Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome: A Case Report". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 22 (2): 210–216. doi:10.36849/JDD.6926. PMID 36745365.
  • László, Fekete Gyula (2013-03-14). "Graham-Little–Piccardi–Lasseur syndrome: case report and review of the syndrome in men". International Journal of Dermatology. 53 (8). Wiley: 1019–1022. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05672.x. ISSN 0011-9059. PMID 23489018.

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!