Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed computing or networking architecture in which participants share part of their own resources...

Peer or peer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer or peeress may refer to: Peer, an equal in age, education or social class; see Peer group Peer,...

Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of...

Peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) is the practice of lending money to individuals or businesses through online services that match lenders with borrowers...

banking model (simplified) LendingClub Peer-to-peer Social peer-to-peer processes Peer-to-peer lending "Peer-to-peer lending is surging in the US, and it...

In computing, Chord is a protocol and algorithm for a peer-to-peer distributed hash table. A distributed hash table stores key-value pairs by assigning...

In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between...

Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by...

Peer-to-peer transactions (also referred to as person-to-person transactions, P2P transactions, or P2P payments) are electronic money transfers made from...

Peer Gynt (/pɪər ˈɡɪnt/ peer GHINT, Norwegian: [peːr ˈjʏnt, - ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse written in 1867 by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen...

Peer-to-peer carsharing (also known as peer-to-peer car rental or person-to-person carsharing) is the process whereby vehicle owners make their personal...

workloads between peers. Peer-to-peer may also refer to: Peer-to-peer banking Peer-to-peer carsharing Peer-to-peer lending Peer-to-peer economy, another...

Peer-to-peer file sharing is the distribution and sharing of digital media using peer-to-peer (P2P) networking technology. P2P file sharing allows users...

Peer-to-peer investing (P2PI) is the practice of investing money in notes issued by borrowers who are requesting a loan without going through a traditional...

Peer mentoring is a form of mentorship that usually takes place between a person who has lived through a specific experience (peer mentor) and a person...

Peer-to-peer insurance is a reciprocity insurance contract through the Collaborative consumption concept. The aims of peer-to-peer insurance are to save...

Peer assessment, or self-assessment, is a process whereby students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher's benchmarks. The practice...

Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each other. It commonly refers to an initiative consisting...

Peer Gynt, Op. 23, is the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt, written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg in 1875. It premiered...

Peer-to-peer SIP (P2P-SIP) is an implementation of a distributed voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or instant messaging communications application using...

Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests and experiences, or social statuses. Members...

Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP) in the telecommunications industry is an open, industry standard protocol designed to provide a flexible data communication...

Peer education is an approach to health promotion, in which community members are supported to promote health-enhancing change among their peers. Peer...

Look up Peers or peers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peers may refer to: Peers (name), a list of people with the surname and name Peers, Alberta...

Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually...

Peer Koopmeiners (born 4 May 2000) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eredivisie club AZ. On 17 October 2020, Koopmeiners...

standards in medicine and health sciences articles, in which users typically use peer-reviewed journals or university textbooks as sources, have led to the idea...

The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of October 2025[update], there were 799 hereditary peers: 29 dukes (including...

In sociology, a peer group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests (homophily), age, background, or social status...

Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in a single Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages...

Pir-e-Kamil or Peer-e-Kamil (Urdu: پیر کامل; meaning "The Perfect Mentor") is a novel written by Pakistani writer Umera Ahmad. It was first published in...

Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of professional peers, especially writers, reviewing and providing constructive...

Peer Mohammad is a village in the Firozpur district of Punjab, India. It is located in the Zira tehsil. According to the 2011 census of India, Peer Mohammad...

than staff writers employed by the journal. They nearly universally require peer review for research articles or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent...

Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt (11 March 1926; Erfurt, Weimar Germany – 8 May 2010; Berlin) was a German actor who specialized in films, television and dubbing...

The Peer To Patent project is an initiative that seeks to assist patent offices in improving patent quality by gathering public input in a structured,...

Basharat Peer (born 1977) is an Indian journalist, script writer, and author. Peer spent his early youth in the Kashmir Valley before shifting to Aligarh...

Napster was an American proprietary peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing application primarily associated with digital audio file distribution. Founded by Shawn...

latter case but not the former). British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm. Lord is used as a generic term to denote members of the peerage;...

visible approaches to peer learning comes out of cognitive psychology, and is applied within a "mainstream" educational framework: "Peer learning is an educational...

Stephen Peer (1840-1887) was a tightrope walker who, though he completed the feat successfully many times, fell to his death while walking a tightrope...

that provides a directory of torrent files and magnet links used for peer-to-peer file sharing through the BitTorrent protocol. It is primarily used to...

PeerTube is a free and open-source, decentralized, ActivityPub federated video platform. It can use peer-to-peer technology to reduce load on individual...

Peer contagion refers to the "mutual influence that occurs between an individual and a peer", and "includes behaviors and emotions that potentially undermine...

Peer instruction is a teaching method popularized by Harvard Professor Eric Mazur in the early 1990s. Originally used in introductory undergraduate physics...

Peer Günt are a Finnish hard rock band from Kouvola, formed in 1976, and named after the 1867 play Peer Gynt, by Henrik Ibsen. They primarily sing in...

Peer production (also known as mass collaboration[citation needed]) is a way of producing goods and services that relies on self-organizing communities...

Judge Peer Lorenzen is a section president of the European Court of Human Rights. He was born in Denmark in 1944, and studied at Aarhus University. From...

Peer feedback is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another. Peer feedback provides students opportunities to learn from each other...

Look up Peer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Peer Åström (born 1972), Swedish...

BitTorrent is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet...

The Peer Gynt Prize or the Peer Gynt Award (Årets Peer Gynt or Per Gynt-prisen) is a private Norwegian prize presented annually by the private commercial...

Clinical peer review, also known as medical peer review is the process by which health care professionals, including those in nursing and pharmacy, evaluate...

Peer-to-peer video sharing is a basic service on top of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Early proprietary implementations might also run a simple SIP...

Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay facilitates the connection among users of the peer-to-peer torrent protocol, which are able to contribute to the site through the...

Peer Gynt is a play by Henrik Ibsen named for its main character, based on the fairy tale Peer Gynt. Peer Gynt may also refer to: Peer Gynt (Grieg), incidental...

Peer Hafslo Qvam (24 December 1911 – 27 July 1977) was a Norwegian architect. He was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was a son of chemical...

A peer support specialist is a person with "lived experience" who has been trained to support those who struggle with mental health, psychological trauma...

September 7 and 8, 2023, Cash App experienced a service outage, affecting peer-to-peer payments and cash card purchases for thousands of users. Block stated...

hereditary peers consisted of: 2 peers elected by the Labour hereditary peers 42 peers elected by the Conservative hereditary peers 3 peers elected by...

The Chamber of Peers or House of Peers refers to the legislative upper house in several countries with a peerage: Chamber of Peers (France) from 1814...

Panj peer (or panj pīr), meaning the five saints in Persian, were Islamic saints who overlapped in late 12th and early 13th centuries in northwestern India...

one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scotland before 1707. Following that year's Treaty...

Leta Peer (17 April 1964 – 13 February 2012) was a Swiss painter and fine art photographer. From 1984 to 1987, Peer studied painting at the School of Design...

Peer Nielsen (sometimes shown as Peer Norrbohm, born 25 June 1942) is a Danish sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1960s. He won the bronze medal...

material with the help of magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing. It also operates multiple Telegram channels and groups...

Peer Raben (born Wilhelm Rabenbauer; 3 July 1940 – 21 January 2007) was a German composer who worked with German filmmaker Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Raben...

Peer (Dutch pronunciation: [peːr] ) is a municipality and city located in the province of Limburg, Flemish Region, Belgium. On January 1, 2006, Peer had...

Peer Lisdorf (born 31 March 1967) is a Danish football coach and former footballer who played as a left midfielder, right midfielder, and a centre-forward...

Peer-to-peer web hosting involves using peer-to-peer networking to distribute access to webpages. This is differentiated from the client–server model,...

Elizabeth Clow Peer Jansson (February 3, 1936 – May 26, 1984) was an American journalist who worked for Newsweek from 1958 until her death in 1984. She...

Peers) Act 2026, they consisted of both life peers and hereditary peers, but now is solely composed of the former after the right of hereditary peers...

Ralph Sylvester Peer (May 22, 1892 – January 19, 1960) was an American talent scout, recording engineer, record producer and music publisher in the 1920s...

Peer Bork (4 May 1963 – 16 January 2026) was a German bioinformatician. He was Interim Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)...

Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which...

Peer Community in (PCI) is a non-profit scientific organization that offers an editorial process of open science by creating specific communities of researchers...

collaborative economy, community-based economy, gig economy, peer economy, peer-to-peer (P2P) economy, platform economy, renting economy and on-demand...

Peer-mediated instruction (PMI) is an approach in special education where peers of the target students are trained to provide necessary tutoring in educational...

Lords is not acquired by election. Most members are appointed for life as peers, on either a political or non-political basis. The House of Lords also includes...

Peer exchange, or PEX, is a communications protocol that augments the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. It allows a group of users (or peers) that are...

Peer Ali Khan (1812 – 7 July 1857) was an Indian revolutionary and rebel, who participated in the Indian independence movement. He was given capital punishment...

Asif Peer is the CEO and managing director of Pakistani software company Systems Ltd since 1 January 2013. Peer completed his bachelor's degree majored...

darknet types are social networks (usually used for file hosting with a peer-to-peer connection), and anonymity proxy networks such as Tor via an anonymized...

Peer to Peer Remote Copy or PPRC is a protocol to replicate a storage volume to another control unit at a remote site. Synchronous PPRC causes each write...

technical peer review is a well defined review process for finding and correcting defects conducted by a team of peers with assigned roles. Technical peer reviews...

Sham peer review or malicious peer review is a name given to the abuse of a medical peer review process to attack a doctor for personal or other non-medical...

A peer of the realm is a member of the highest aristocratic social order outside the ruling dynasty of the kingdom. Notable examples are: a member of the...

Naugaja Peer (Punjabi: ਨੌਂਗਜਾ ਪੀਰ) was a sufi saint revered in the Punjab region. His actually name is Syed Ibrahim Badshah or Syed Mohammad Ebrahim. He...

Senior peer counseling, a.k.a. Peer counseling for seniors, provides senior citizens with a trained volunteer counselor to provide assistance with emotional...

peer-to-peer foreign exchange (bureau de change) services to individual and corporate customers. Midpoint is the world’s first dedicated peer-to-peer...

IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) is an extension to the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) "that allows large and small computers to communicate...

the collaboration of computers, each of which acts as a node in the peer-to-peer bitcoin network. Each node maintains an independent copy of a public...

Television: The David Rubenstein Show: Peer to Peer Conversations and Bloomberg Wealth with David Rubenstein. Peer to Peer, which began airing in October 2016...

Aadil Manzoor Peer (born 2 March 1997), popularly known as Syed Aadi, is an Indian international ice stock sport athlete. Known for his right-hand playing...

Dean Peer (born 8 August 1969) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder for a variety of clubs in the Midlands. He made more than 350...

Peer Zumbansen is the inaugural professor of business law at the faculty of law of McGill University. Before joining McGill in January 2021, Zumbansen...

service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity." Peer-to-peer – A distributed architecture without the need for central coordination...

Pir (Persian: پیر, romanized: pīr, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة...

and Ireland. Originally an element in the constitution of Ireland, with peers holding seats in the Irish House of Lords, it is now seen as one of the...

server that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. In peer-to-peer file sharing, a software client on an end-user PC...

Dan Peer (Hebrew: דן פאר) is a Professor and the Director of the Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine at Tel Aviv University (TAU). He is also the Vice...

PeerGuardian is a discontinued free and open source program developed by Phoenix Labs. It is capable of blocking incoming and outgoing connections based...

Peer Muchalla is a town in Municipal Council Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. It adjoins Sectors 20 and 21 of Panchkula. Proximity...

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was posted to a cryptography mailing list. This paper detailed methods of using a peer-to-peer network to...

Peer Augustinski (25 June 1940 – 3 October 2014) was a German actor who specialized in television and dubbing. He's also the father of Bernd Augustinski...

In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the...

"Who's Afraid of Peer Review?" is an article written by Science correspondent John Bohannon that describes his investigation of peer review among fee-charging...

Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords are peers who do not belong to any parliamentary group in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. They...

hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from a peer-to-peer...

PubPeer is a website that allows users to discuss and review scientific research after publication, i.e. post-publication peer review, established in...

Fawzia Peer (née Asmal) is a South African politician and businesswoman. A member of the African National Congress, she was the Deputy Mayor of eThekwini...

Peer M. Schatz (born August 3, 1965) is a Swiss and Austrian entrepreneur and executive in the life sciences. He was the chief executive officer of QIAGEN...

Peer English is an academic journal established in 2006 and published annually by the Department of English at the University of Leicester and the English...

Research Integrity and Peer Review is an international, open access, peer reviewed journal that was launched in 2016. It is published by BioMed Central...

YIFY Torrents or YTS (an acronym of Yiftach Swery) was a peer-to-peer release group known for distributing large numbers of movies as free downloads through...

Look up peer review in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers...

Cogeco Peer 1, is a provider of services for data centers and cloud computing. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Peer 1 Network...

the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to...

Peer Åström (born in Ljusdal, Sweden) is a Swedish composer, lyricist, musician, and record producer and partner. He has collaborated with artists such...

consensus to accept these changes. Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where...

Berry van Peer (born 23 August 1996) is a Dutch darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) events and previously competed in Professional...

Herbert John Peer (November 12, 1910 – July 19, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in one National Hockey League game...

Petrus Johannes Maria "Peer" Mascini (23 March 1941 – 16 May 2019) was a Dutch actor and writer. He is well known for his work in Blind Date (1996) and...

The Reluctant Peer is a 1964 comedy play by the British writer William Douglas Home. It was the latest in his series of political farces and appeared at...

Peer Impact was the name of a pay-for-download file-sharing service created by Wurld Media, Inc. As the name suggests, it utilized a peer-to-peer distribution...

Peer Fischer is a German robotics researcher, specializing in biological nanorobotics. He received a B.Sc. in Physics from Imperial College London. He...

In software development, peer review is a type of software review in which a work product (document, code, or other) is examined by the author's colleagues...

Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production...

Peer-polity interaction is a concept in archaeological theory, developed by Colin Renfrew and John Cherry, to explain changes in society and material culture...

Peer Baierlein (born 16 May 1972 in Stuttgart, West Germany) is a German musician and composer. Peer Baierlein started playing the accordion at the age...

Peer Kluge (born 22 November 1980) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Kluge played for Chemnitzer FC, Borussia Mönchengladbach...

Hashim Peer Dastagir (Arabic: هاشم پیر دستگیر,) was an Indian Sufi saint belonging to the Qadri Shattari order. His shrine is in Bijapur, Karnataka, India...

Peercoin, also known as Peer-to-Peer Coin, PP Coin, or PPC, is a cryptocurrency utilizing both proof-of-stake and proof-of-work systems. It is notable...

(1342–1404), count-peer of Flanders (1384–1404), duke-peer of Burgundy John the Fearless (1371–1419), count-peer of Flanders (1404–1419), duke-peer of Burgundy...

Peer Media Technologies, Inc. is an Artistdirect subsidiary created in 2009 as a merger of MediaDefender and MediaSentry, after the reputations of the...

nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer, as well as certain officials such as some judges and members of the Scottish...

Peer Lilienthal (born 4 April 1979 in Hannover) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony since 2017. He has served as...

Look up peer pressure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peer pressure refers to a process of social influence on an individual. Peer pressure may also...

The Paladins, also called the Twelve Peers (French: Douze Pairs), are twelve legendary knights, the foremost members of Charlemagne's court in the 8th...

Peer Kot (Urdu:پیرکوٹ) is a small village. in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. Peer Kot has a population of over 7,000 and is...

The Josef Peer cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 15 September 1920 to 23 March 1921. It was appointed by Johann II and was chaired by...

Willie van Peer is professor emeritus in the Faculty of Languages and Literature at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Munich, Germany. He is a...

Peer 2 Peer University (P2PU) is a nonprofit online open learning community which allows users to organize and participate in courses and study groups...

Peer Mohamed Oliyullah Dargha is the Dargah of Sufi philosopher, and Tamil poet Peer Mohamed Appa located 35 km from Thuckalay. It is one of the most renowned...

Unity is peer education project started in 1996 by Jaap Jamin at the large Amsterdam-based addiction prevention and treatment organisation Jellinek. It...

Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is a peer-to-peer protocol designed by Microsoft. PNRP enables dynamic name publication and resolution, and requires...

Josef Peer (13 June 1864 – 28 June 1925) was an Austrian lawyer and politician who served as the Governor of Liechtenstein from 1920 to 1921. Peer was born...

Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland until 1898 (the last creation...

Jogi Pir, also spelt Joga Peer, is the jathera (ancestor-figure) for the Chahal Jats. The recorded version of the hagiographical tale claims Jogi Pir came...

A by-election for a Scottish representative peer took place on 1 October 1958 at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The election was caused by the...

The Local Peer Discovery protocol, specified as BEP-14, is an extension to the BitTorrent file-distribution system. It is designed to support the discovery...

accessible over the Internet; primarily via websites, FTP connections, peer-to-peer file sharing, or Usenet newsgroups. The greater accessibility of the...

Rafi Peerzada Shah, also known as Rafi Peer (21 March 1898 – 11 April 1974) was a Pakistani actor, playwright, and director. Rafi was a leading intellectual...

Peer Pedersen is an American film producer known for producing the films Lucky Them and Live at the Foxes Den, as well the documentary Finders Keepers...

Oscar Peer (23 April 1928 – 22 December 2013) was a Swiss novelist, playwright and philologist. His works were written in Romansch and German, and comprised...

Lisa Peers (born 1956) is an Australian actor who has been active since the 1970s. Her best-known films include Sunday Too Far Away. She works in the...

considered equivalent to the United Kingdom's practice of appointing life peers. Ramsay Robertson Dalgety (July 2008) Tevita Poasi Tupou (July 2008) Taniela...

Peer-led team learning (PLTL) is a model of teaching undergraduate science, math, and engineering courses that introduces peer-led workshops as an integral...

Pedophile peer-support forums (or pedophile support forums) are internet message boards and virtual communities that offer peer-support to people who...

The Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol for distributing files from a central server across a peer-to-peer network...

Henry Smith, 5th Viscount Hambleden (born 18 November 1955) is a British peer, and descendant of the founders of the stationery group WH Smith. Smith is...

Peer Gynt Sculpture Park (Peer Gynt-parken) is a sculpture park located in Oslo, Norway. The sculpture park was created in honour of the Norwegian writer...

Malan Island, also known as Peer Ghaib, is a mud volcano located in the Arabian Sea, 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) off the coast of Balochistan province of...

Peer Bahora, is a village in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India. "Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village...

Peer victimization is harassment or bullying that occurs among members of the same peer group. It is often used to describe the experience among children...

Peer Posipal (born 3 July 1962, in Hamburg) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent three seasons in the Bundesliga...

realism but also wrote lyrical epic works. His major works include Brand, Peer Gynt, Emperor and Galilean, A Doll's House, Ghosts, An Enemy of the People...

Peer Review Week is an annual scholarly communication event celebrating the value of peer review. It has taken place globally every September since 2015...

Peermusic is a United States–based independent music publisher. Ralph Peer, a field recording engineer and A&R representative for Victor Records, went...

Peer Smed (1878 – November 17, 1943) was a Danish-American silversmith and metalworker, active in New York City. Smed was born as Peer Schmidt in Copenhagen...

Peer Steinbrück (born 10 January 1947) is a German politician who was the Chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal...

Peer Mohammed Hussain Soharvardi (born 12 April 1948) is an Indian politician and former minister of state in the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir...

appeared in 1180 during the Middle Ages. The prestigious title and position of Peer of France (French: Pair de France) was held by the greatest, highest-ranking...

The Chen Zhenyuan fake peer review scandal was an academic misconduct case that came to light in July 2014. The UK-based publisher SAGE Publications discovered...

This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral...

Peer Hultberg (8 November 1935 – 20 December 2007) was a Danish author and psychoanalyst. Peer Hultberg was born in Vangede northwest of Copenhagen and...

Interdisciplinary Peer Review (IPR) is a peer review process with an additional focus outside of the area of the author's subject of expertise. Disciplines...

Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) is a variation of peer-mediated instruction that has been used in elementary, middle school, and high school classrooms...

Intersex Peer Support Australia (IPSA), also known as the Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia, is possibly the oldest known intersex...

Morgenstemning), commonly referred to simply as "Morning", is part of Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt, Op. 23, written in 1875 as incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play...

A dial peer, also termed addressable call endpoint, initiates or obtains calls within a telephone network. VoIP Session Initiation Protocol Foreign exchange...

after 2000. Apart from retired Lords Spiritual and the surviving hereditary peers excluded under the House of Lords Act 1999, including the Marquess of Cholmondeley...

Peer Health Exchange is an American non-profit health education organization based in Oakland, California. The organization trains college student volunteers...

Peer Moberg (born 14 February 1971) is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he received a...

Beverly Peer (October 7, 1912 – January 16, 1997) was an American jazz double-bassist. Peer played piano professionally early in his career before switching...

specific peer review requirements before the agencies publicly disseminate certain scientific information. These requirements were published in a Peer Review...

January 1908 Irish representative peer election was held to fill a vacancy among the 28 Irish representative peers at that time elected to the British...

uses of the work. The main focus of the open access movement has been on peer reviewed research literature, and more specifically on academic journals...

William Peer (died June 1713) was a British actor. Peer owes the survival of his name to a humorous mention of his career by Steele in the ‘Guardian,’...

similar status in a business. Purportedly, peers can better relate to the disputants than an outsider. Peer mediation promotes social cohesion and aids...

and business innovation. A leading thinker in the emerging field of peer-to-peer (P2P) theory, Bauwens founded the P2P Foundation, a global organization...

The Peer Sessions is the fifty-fourth studio album by American recording artist Merle Haggard released on the Audium label in 2002. The old pop and country...

A Youth with a Jug also called Boy peering into an earthenware tankard is a c. 1631–1633 oil painting by Judith Leyster currently in a private collection...

PeerBlock is a free and open-source personal firewall that blocks packets coming from, or going to, a maintained list of blacklisted hosts. PeerBlock is...

academic journals published by MDPI. As of September 2022, MDPI publishes 399 peer-reviewed academic journals and nine conference journals. Contents A B C D...

the copyright owner making a profit, the practice has been compared to peer-to-peer (P2P) systems such as BitTorrent—except that hard-copy original analog...

kay Adbi Israr o-Ramooz Tasawwuf wa Sulook Hayaat-E-Habib (A biography of Peer Ghulam Habib Nashbandi R.A) Ishq-E-Ilahi (Urdu)/ Love for Allah (English)...

Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later...

Turtle was a free anonymous peer-to-peer network project being developed at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, involving professor Andrew Tanenbaum....

data mining, indexing, and query processing is distributed among several peers in a decentralized manner where there is no single point of control. Started...

Peer Michael Portner (January 8, 1940 – February 9, 2009) was a heart researcher whose work led to the development of the ventricular assist device, an...

Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri (/aɪ.oʊˈlænθi/) is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, first performed in 1882...

download and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing among users of the BitTorrent protocol. ExtraTorrent was...

Peer Borsky (born 5 November 1990) is a Swiss épée fencer, team bronze medallist in the 2014 World Fencing Championships and team European champion in...

Osiris) is a freeware program used to create web portals distributed via peer-to-peer networking (P2P) and autonomous from centralized servers. It is available...

LimeWire is a free peer-to-peer file sharing client for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Solaris. Created by Mark Gorton in 2000, it was most prominently...

San Francisco's SoMa district and is headed by its former editor-in-chief, Peer Schneider. The IGN website was created by the media entrepreneur Chris Anderson...

The peer jury process is often used in the arts to assess applications for grants, proposals for exhibitions made in response to an open call for submissions...

expense depending upon the size and type of the site. Peer-to-peer web hosting involves using peer-to-peer networking to distribute access to webpages. This...

valuation", is a process that consists of: identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets. converting these market...

to exploit a number of bugs in peer-to-peer servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits the DC++...

failure to be tried as temporal peers in the House of Lords, it remained unclear whether the Lords Spiritual were indeed peers. In 1688, the issue arose during...

Heinrich Peer (25 November 1867 – 13 May 1927) was an Austrian stage and film actor. He appeared in around a hundred films during the silent era. Where...

Peer Khizer Hayat Shah Khagga is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from October 2011 to May 2018 and from...

(PDUs) between two parties, through what is known as peer-to-peer networking (also known as peer-to-peer communication). As a result, the OSI reference model...

source resources can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized and peer-to-peer model of production. Open source resources are a shared component across...

based on the principle that high levels of one attribute amongst one's peers can have spillover effects on an individual. "This social multiplier can...

parent. Peer groups are essential to social and general development. Communication with peers increases significantly during adolescence and peer relationships...

The concept of Extended peer community belongs to the field of Sociology of science, and in particular the use of science in the solution of social, political...

refereed papers. Since its inception in 2013, ICLR has employed an open peer review process to referee paper submissions (based on models proposed by...

school and sixth form located in Littlemore, Oxford, England. Formerly Peers School, it was re-opened as an Academy in September 2008 and is the state...

Peer Pressure is an American television game show. Youth contestants perform stunts and answer questions about moral dilemmas. The show aired in syndication...

Soulseek is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing network and application. It is known mostly for the exchange of music, though it can be used for other file...

grouping, or list their vehicles with a separate car sharing facilitator (peer-to-peer). Car sharing is part of a larger trend of shared mobility. Car sharing...

Jami is a telecommunications platform for peer-to-peer and distributed videotelephony, videoconferencing, and voice calls. Jami is free and open-source...

applications whose sole function is sharing images, generally using peer-to-peer networking. Basic image sharing functionality can be found in applications...

Douglas and Clydesdale until 2010, is a Scottish nobleman and the premier peer of Scotland. Douglas-Hamilton was born in Edinburgh, the son of Angus Douglas-Hamilton...

process of computer peer-to-peer communication that is based on the way epidemics spread. Some distributed systems use peer-to-peer gossip to ensure that...

1st Viscount Allen, PC (13 February 1660 – 8 November 1726), was an Irish peer and politician. He was born in Dublin, the son of Sir Joshua Allen who was...

Peer Gynt is a 1938 opera by Werner Egk to a libretto after the play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen. The premiere took place on 24 November 1938 at the Berlin...

postprints (known as e-prints) approved for posting after moderation, but not peer reviewed. It consists of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics,...

meetings and institutes for campus teams and publishes reports and monographs. Peer Review was a quarterly magazine published by the association from 2000 to...

MPEG-4 DMIF-application interface irrespective of whether the peer is a remote interactive peer, broadcast or local storage media. Control of the establishment...

John Anthony Peers (7 December 1946 – 23 July 2025) was a British actor and comedian. Peers was born on 7 December 1946 in Wigan, Greater Manchester. Tony...

Peer de Silva (June 26, 1917 – August 13, 1978) was a station chief in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). A 1941 West Point graduate, during World...

GameOver ZeuS (GOZ), also known as peer-to-peer (P2P) ZeuS, ZeuS3, and GoZeus, is a Trojan horse developed by Russian cybercriminal Evgeniy Bogachev. Created...

before 1973 and as Marquess of Lorne between 1973 and 2001, is a Scottish peer. The family's main seat is Inveraray Castle, although the Duke and Duchess...

This is a list of peer-reviewed, English language academic journals in public relations. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, Deakin University, Australia...

NAT; it supports the connection of a user behind a NAT to only a single peer, as in telephony, for example. TURN is specified by RFC 8656. The TURN URI...

Ian Henry Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (born 30 March 1962), is a British peer and landowner. His main estate is based at Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire....

Previously he worked for Scour, a peer-to-peer file sharing application company, and was the co-founder of Red Swoosh, a peer-to-peer content delivery network...

Peer-to-Patent Australia was an initiative designed to improve the patent examination process and the quality of issued patents by connecting the review...

P2PTV refers to peer-to-peer (P2P) software applications designed to redistribute video streams in real time on a P2P network; the distributed video streams...

Peers School may refer to: Gakushūin, historically known as the Peers' School, a Japanese educational institution in Tokyo Oxford Academy, Oxfordshire...

Night, Beggar's Opera and Peer Gynt among others. On stage roles included Alex DeLarge in A Clockwork Orange, Peer Gynt in Peer Gynt, Orestes in Electra...

systems, domain name services, instant messaging, multicast, and also peer-to-peer file sharing and content distribution systems. Notable distributed networks...

Payments Interface (UPI) in India and PayNow in Singapore. The app supports peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers, in-store payments via NFC, online purchases, and bill...

by building a peer-to-peer overlay network that would employ peer-to-peer caching to accelerate content distribution and peer-to-peer routing to make...

Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) is a peer-reviewed journal of hospital formulary management. Established in 1990 by CORE Medical Journals, it has been...

PeeringDB is a freely available, user-maintained, database of networks, and the go-to location for interconnection data. The database facilitates the...

laughing. Bullying in school and in the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism...

relationship or social interaction. The topic includes interpersonal rejection (or peer rejection), romantic rejection, and familial estrangement. A person can be...

4 January 2011. "Shahar Peer". Fedcup.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2014. "Shahar PEER," ITF Tennis. "Tennis, anyone...

Peer Gynt Road (Norwegian: Peer Gyntvegen) is a 57-kilometre (35 mi) long tourist mountain road, named for the folkloric character Per Gynt. It is a privately...

PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since...

Budhan Shah (died 1643; پیر بدھن علی شاہ), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, Peer Baba, and Sayyed Shamsuddin, was a venerated Sufi pir who held a religious...

networking, a peer group is a group of functional units in the same layer (see e.g. OSI model) of a network, by analogy with peer group. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking...

water Locke (disambiguation) LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe), a peer-to-peer network Lox, cured salmon filet Lock and Key (disambiguation) This disambiguation...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. The editor-in-chief...

Network, is an IRC computer network which was previously used to discuss peer-directed projects. Their servers are accessible from the hostname chat.freenode...

other capability which is often implemented using a client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols. Each service...

Peer Jöchel (born 6 March 1967 in Kiel) is a German bobsledder who competed in the early 1990s. He won a gold medal in the two-man event at the 1993 FIBT...

Wentworth, styled Viscount Ockham (12 May 1836 – 1 September 1862) was a British peer and the eldest of the three legitimate grandchildren of poet Lord Byron....

centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing...

Peer Kusmagk (born 14 June 1975 in West Berlin) is a German actor and television host. After his graduation, he lived for three years in different countries...

Zhou confederation, but with different titles such as Tonghou (通侯, marquis-peer), Zhigui (執珪, jade scepter bearer), Zhibo (執帛, silk bearer). Their political...

The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering nutrition science and published by the Springer Nature....

Reginald Grey, 5th Earl of Kent (before 1541 – 17 March 1573) was an English peer. He was a son of Henry Grey (1520–1545) and Margaret St John. His paternal...

a website that provided torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. From 2014 to 2023, RARBG...

Peers Lee Carter (5 December 1916 – 8 February 2001) was a British diplomat. He was Ambassador to Afghanistan from 1968 to 1972. His role helping to organise...

courtesy title, as noted above. If a daughter of a peer or courtesy peer marries another peer or courtesy peer, she takes her husband's rank. If she marries...

Viscount Knutsford (19 March 1855 – 27 July 1931) was a British barrister and peer. Knutsford was the eldest twin son of the Conservative politician Henry Holland...

13th Earl of Montgomery CVO (9 January 1906 – 16 March 1969) was a British peer. Herbert was the son of Reginald Herbert, 15th Earl of Pembroke and Beatrice...

by CAB International alongside an international consortium. It comprises peer-reviewed datasheets, images, and maps, a bibliographic database, and full...

(/ˈtʃɑːrtərɪs/; born 22 June 1948), also known as Jamie Neidpath, is a British peer and landowner. Wemyss is the second son of Francis David Charteris, 12th...

possible in peer-to-peer networking. This is most commonly used for interactive media such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), peer-to-peer communications...

Brabourne (born 8 October 1947), known until 2005 as Lord Romsey, is a British peer. He is a second cousin of King Charles III. Mountbatten was born at King's...

An anonymous P2P communication system is a peer-to-peer distributed application in which the nodes, which are used to share resources, or participants...

PeerTracker is a free (licensed as GPL) BitTorrent peer tracker software written in PHP that is designed to be fast and to have a low consumption of system...

the company was officially launched in 2013. inDrive operates using a peer-to-peer pricing model. In its app, all conditions of the trip are determined...

production from DJ Premier & Large Professor. The album produced the two singles "Peer Pressure" and "Hit It from the Back". Upon its release the album failed to...

Caryll Molyneux, 3rd Viscount Molyneux (1623/24 – 1700) was an English peer. He was the younger son of Richard Molyneux, 1st Viscount Molyneux and Mary...

British Peer was a 1428-ton three-masted iron sailing ship built for the British Shipowners Company at the Harland & Wolff yards in Belfast, Ireland, in...

provided a directory for torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. It was founded in 2008 and...

DC++ is a free and open-source, peer-to-peer file-sharing client that can be used for connecting to the Direct Connect network or to the ADC protocol....

This is a glossary of jargon related to peer-to-peer file sharing via the BitTorrent protocol. BitTorrent at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from...

from an eBGP peer are re-advertised to all iBGP and eBGP peers. New routes learned from an iBGP peer are re-advertised to all eBGP peers only. These route-propagation...

AllPeers was a free software browser extension for Mozilla Firefox. On March 2, 2008, AllPeers announced the end of the service. The extension allowed...

traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP. Network address translation typically...

Huang, Sui (2013). "When peers are not peers and don't know it: The Dunning-Kruger effect and self-fulfilling prophecy in peer-review". BioEssays. 35 (5):...

Murray, 7th Lord Elibank (24 April 1747 – 24 September 1820) was a Scottish peer. Elibank was the son of Reverend Gideon Murray, younger son of Alexander...

using a distributed revision control system as a backend of the wiki, in peer-to-peer style. With this approach, there is no central store of the wiki's content;...

2017, followed by a son in 2018 and another son in 2020. Studio albums Peer Tasi (Album Habchora) (2013) Kocha Shel Ahava (2015) Ma Nashim Rozot (2016)...

States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and...

Pickle is an American peer-to-peer fashion rental and resale marketplace founded in 2022 by Julia O'Mara and Brian McMahon. It is headquartered in New...

ਸਿੰਘ) when the tenth master came to this village. The shrine of the Pir/Peer is located at 30°18′59″N 74°40′32″E / 30.3165°N 74.6755°E / 30.3165; 74...

American company that operates a community banking platform, which includes peer-to-peer lending. The company was founded in 2018, and is based in Los Angeles...

20 May 1964), styled Viscount Althorp between 1975 and 1992, is a British peer, author, journalist, and broadcaster. He is the younger brother of Diana...

September 1967), styled Lord Bingham until 2016, is a British hereditary peer. George Charles Bingham, 8th Earl of Lucan, was born on 21 September 1967...

designed for peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. The BitTorrent protocol coordinates segmented file transfer among peers connected in...

The Adventure of the Peerless Peer is a 1974 adventure pastiche novel written by Philip Jose Farmer, writing as Dr. John H. Watson, about the meeting of...

Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad (Punjabi: ਕਰਨੈਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਪੀਰ ਮੁਹੰਮਦ) is an Indian Sikh politician and former President of All India Sikh Students Federation. As...

The organizing principle behind open collaboration is that of peer production. Peer production communities are structured in an entirely decentralized...

Peer Gynt is a 1998 theatrical adaptation of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's classic play Peer Gynt by American playwright David Henry Hwang and Swiss...

Visual Peer Review was first described in a 2017 classroom study by Friedman and Rosen, which examined how students evaluate peer-produced data visualizations...

client-queue-client network, peers communicate with each other directly. In peer-to-peer networking, an algorithm in the peer-to-peer communications protocol...

Wynn, 2nd Baron Newborough (3 April 1802 – 15 November 1832) was a British peer. Newborough was the elder son of Thomas Wynn, 1st Baron Newborough of Glynllifon...

website is used as a way to reinforce habits among members by facilitating peer-to-peer support within these groups. Some individuals that take part in other...

Gerardus Johannes "Peer" Krom (10 March 1898 – 15 December 1965) was a Dutch footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics...

general medical journal that uses pre-publication peer-review and an optional post-publication peer review. Its founding editors-in-chief are John R....

Look up Peers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Peers is a surname and a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: Alfie peers (2009-2026)...

Hyphanet (until mid-2023: Freenet) is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant, anonymous communication. It uses a decentralized distributed data...

Wi-Fi devices needs to be compliant with Wi-Fi Direct to establish a peer-to-peer connection. Wi-Fi Direct negotiates the link with a Wi-Fi Protected Setup...

The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a mutually agreed instrument voluntarily acceded to by the member states of the African Union (AU) as a self-monitoring...

implement peer-tutoring programs in schools. Students placed in ESL program learn together along with other non-English speakers; however, by using peer tutoring...

Australia and New Zealand. The company was established in 2014 to introduce peer-to-peer lending to New Zealand. Harmoney provides personal loans and has issued...

The Sternberg peer review controversy concerns the conflict arising from the publication of an article supporting pseudoscientific intelligent design creationism...

Peer Gynt is a surviving 1915 American fantasy silent film directed by Oscar Apfel and Raoul Walsh and adapted from the Henrik Ibsen play by Oscar Apfel...

virtual net metering (also called peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, wheeling and sometimes local energy trading). Peer-to-peer energy trading is a novel paradigm...

PeerJ is both a for profit, open access, and peer-reviewed scientific mega journal covering research in the biological and medical sciences and the publisher...

Francis Napier, 6th Lord Napier (né Scott) (c. 1702 – 1773) was a Scottish peer. Born Francis Scott c. 1702, he was the son of Sir William Scott, 2nd Baronet...

authentication-related data between the EAP peer and the EAP server. In addition to peer authentication, TEAP allows the peer to ask the server for a certificate...

James Blount, 6th Baron Mountjoy (c. 1533 – 1582) was an English peer. Blount was born circa 1533 in Barnstaple, Devon, the eldest son of Charles Blount...

Philip Wharton, 3rd Baron Wharton (1555–1625) was an English peer of the Wharton barony. He was born on 23 June 1555. Wharton was named after his godfather...

The Journal of Marital and Family Therapy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Association...

BearShare was a peer-to-peer-file-sharing-application originally created by Free Peers, Inc. for Microsoft Windows and also a rebranded version of iMesh...

The issue of peer disagreement in epistemology discusses the question of how a person should respond when he learns that somebody else with the same body...

The novel was published as Death of a Peer in the United States. The plot concerns the murder of a British peer, a theme to which Marsh would return....

JXTA (Juxtapose) was an open-source peer-to-peer protocol specification begun by Sun Microsystems in 2001. The JXTA protocols were defined as a set of...

(Afrikaans title: Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir plantkunde) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of botany as related to...

known as casual carpooling Illegal taxi operation Mobility as a service Peer-to-peer carsharing, where customers drive themselves in cars rented from individual...

Conservative life peer. He is the son of the former Next chairman, David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, who was also a Conservative life peer. Wolfson's...

This article is a list of hereditary peers who are or have been members of the House of Lords by virtue of a life peerage under the Appellate Jurisdiction...

February 1795), styled Viscount Parker between 1732 and 1764, was a British peer and politician. Macclesfield was the son of George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield...

thereafter, almost all new peers were life peers only. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of...

NASN School Nurse is an American bimonthly peer-reviewed nursing journal that covers the field of school nursing. The editor-in-chief is Cynthia Galemore...

"operas: Columbus (1933 radio, 1942 stage); Die Zaubergeige (1935, rev. 1954); *Peer Gynt (1938); Circe (1945, rev. 1966 as 17 Tage und 4 Minuten); *Irische Legende...

began as the world's first peer-to-peer lending company in 2005 and gained a full banking licence in 2020. The peer-to-peer side of its business closed...

Kademlia is a distributed hash table for decentralized peer-to-peer computer networks designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières in 2002. It specifies...

January 1950), styled as Viscount Campden between 1950 and 2009, is a British peer. Lord Gainsborough was born on 17 January 1950. He was the eldest son of...

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, abbreviated JCAT, is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering medical imaging, with a particular focus...

The BMJ is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association...

Science Advances is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal established in early 2015 and published by the American Association...

Osborne, 3rd Duke of Leeds (11 November 1691 – 9 May 1731) was a British peer. He was the second son of Peregrine, Earl of Danby and his wife, the former...

Code review (sometimes referred to as peer review) is a software quality assurance activity in which one or more people examine the source code of a computer...

Annals of Telecommunications is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Institut Mines-Télécom...

Anonymous peer review may refer to: An anonymous scholarly peer review (as opposed to an open one) Any form of peer review that has some form of anonymity...

of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may...

Holly Jade Peers (born 30 July 1987) is an English glamour model born in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. She began modelling in 2009 when she was...

A teen court (sometimes called youth court or peer court) is a problem-solving court within the juvenile justice system where teens charged with certain...

of Airlie, KT, GCVO, MC (18 July 1893 – 28 December 1968) was a Scottish peer, soldier and courtier. He was the father-in-law of Princess Alexandra, The...

server or client systems. Network hosts may also function as nodes in peer-to-peer applications, in which all nodes share and consume resources in an equipotent...

Durham (born 19 October 1961), commonly known as Ned Lambton, is a British peer and musician. He has played guitar in a country band named Pearl, TN. He...

between 1984 and 1986, is a British Conservative Party politician, Hereditary Peer and former Member of the European Parliament. Stockton was born in 1943 in...

Red Swoosh was a peer-to-peer file sharing company founded by Travis Kalanick and Michael Todd in 2001. It was acquired by Akamai in 2007 for $19 million...

Open, its open access division, has received criticism for questionable peer-review practices as well as invitation spam; it was listed as a "potential...

Baring, 6th Baron Revelstoke (16 August 1938 – 7 February 2012) was a British peer. He was the second son of Rupert Baring, 4th Baron Revelstoke, and the former...

servers, routers, and embedded devices to securely connect to zero-trust peer-to-peer virtual networks. ZeroTier also helps enterprises and public-sector organizations...

Supplemental instruction (SI) is an academic support model that uses peer learning to improve university student retention and student success in high-attrition...

psychological hypothesis that states that people tend not to be attracted to peers with whom they lived like siblings before the age of six. This hypothesis...

preprints, papers hosted on bioRxiv are not peer-reviewed (though submissions may be undergoing peer review and peer reviews from other sources may be posted...

Geophysical Research Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of geoscience published by the American Geophysical Union that was established...

Peer Gynt which was published in 1867. In the old cemetery at Sødorp Chapel, there stands a monument to Peer Gynt, and each year since 1967 the Peer Gynt...

production costs. Given sufficient interest in a software component, by using peer-to-peer distribution methods, distribution costs may be reduced, easing the burden...

on the Winamp media player application and for inventing the Gnutella peer-to-peer network. Frankel is also the founder of Cockos Incorporated, which creates...

Viscount Astor (born 27 December 1951) is an English businessman, hereditary peer, politician and former member of the House of Lords who sat as Conservative...

January 1858), styled Marquess of Hartington until 1811, was an English peer, courtier and Whig politician. Known as the "Bachelor Duke", he served as...

Detweiler on the Cypherpunks mailing list and used in the literature on peer-to-peer systems for the same class of attacks prior to 2002, but this term did...

Baroness Smith of Gilmorehill, DL (née Bennett; born 4 June 1940), is a British peer and patron of the arts. She is the widow of John Smith, who led the Labour...

English peer William Stourton, 5th Baron Stourton (c. 1457–1523), English peer William Stourton, 7th Baron Stourton (c. 1505–1548), English peer William...

McCaleb is also known for creating the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange, and the peer-to-peer eDonkey and Overnet networks as well as the eDonkey2000 application....

Stansgate of Holland Park (born 21 August 1951), is a British hereditary peer and Labour member of the House of Lords. In May 2026, it was announced that...

February 1732 Aghold – Palmerston 24 June 1788) was a suo jure hereditary peer. She is an ancestress of Katharine, Duchess of Kent. Christiana (Christina)...

decide if Peer would be kept in office. While 62% voted to keep Peer as Governor, he instead chose to resign the position. As such, the Josef Peer cabinet...

2nd-in-command of the organization, after Syed Salahuddin, Bashir Ahmad Peer was shot dead outside a shop in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by two bike-borne assailants...

copyrighted in his name. In 1927, the trio auditioned for record producer Ralph Peer and subsequently began their recording career with Victor. By the end of...

Biodiversity & Conservation and earlier simply Bothalia, is a South African peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering African biodiversity, conservation...

2nd Viscount Long (14 September 1911 – 23 September 1944), was a British peer and soldier. The eldest son of Brigadier-General Walter Long (d. 1917) and...

Wormleighton (1591 – 19 December 1636) was an English nobleman, politician, and peer from the Spencer family. Spencer was the second son of Robert Spencer, 1st...

Huntingtower from 2003 to 2011, also known as Johnnie Grant, is a Scottish peer and landowner. Dysart is the son of Lt Col John Peter Grant MBE, 16th of...

Péťa (diminutive) Danish: Peter, Peder, Per, Peer, Pelle Dutch: Pieter, Peter, Piet, Pier (Note: The form "Peer" also occurs, albeit less commonly.) Emiliano-Romagnolo:...

various contexts such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and home visits. "Peer abuse" is an expression popularised by author Elizabeth Bennett in 2006 to...

1832 – 1 August 1892), known as Allen Bathurst until 1878, was a British peer and Conservative Member of Parliament. Bathurst was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel...

SHAREit is a peer-to-peer file sharing, content streaming and gaming platform that supports online and offline sharing of files and contents. It allows...

Rhys, 10th Baron Dynevor (born 19 November 1966), is a British hereditary peer. He was educated at Bryanston School and at the University of East Anglia...

among peers and tends to break down social barriers with their classmates. It helps create a collaborative learning environment in which peers feel less...

display it without much thought. In the alternative "peer-to-peer" model there is no server: each "peer" instead receives the raw input streams of each other...

decentralized (peer-to-peer) storage platform that was acquired by Docker Inc. InterPlanetary File System (IPFS): a content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia...

Baron Wood of Anfield (born 25 March 1968) is a British Labour Party life peer who has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Europe since...

offers digital payments services for consumers and businesses, including peer-to-peer transfers, payment links, QR and NFC (Tap to Pay) acceptance, and a payment...

5 July 1732), styled Lord Brudenell between 1698 and 1703, was a British peer. He was the son of Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell, son and heir of Robert...

Mount Royal (née Smith; 17 January 1854 - 18 August 1926) was a British peer and medical doctor. She inherited the title from her father, the first Baron...

Machine Learning is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1986. In 2001, forty editors and members of the editorial board of Machine Learning...

chairperson of the Labour Party of the House of Lords. The Labour Party peers elect the Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords. When the Labour...

Baron Arundell of Wardour (31 March 1740 – 4 December 1808) was an English peer and landowner. Henry Arundell was born on 31 March 1740, to Henry Arundell...

is an OMNeT++-based open-source simulation framework for overlay and peer-to-peer networks, developed at the Institute of Telematics, Karlsruhe Institute...

Sir Charles Peers (1661 – 29 January 1737) was a British businessman who became the Chairman of the East India Company in 1714 and Lord Mayor of London...

primarily on the basis of the lowest price for a particular product. Peer-to-peer (P2P) online marketplaces enable direct transactions between individuals...

different type of wireless network where stations communicate peer-to-peer. In a peer-to-peer network wireless devices within range of each other can discover...

rental company based in San Francisco, California. The company operates a peer-to-peer car rental marketplace that allows private car owners to rent out their...

Voice peering, or VoIP peering, is when two independent Internet phone providers (ITSP) connect their networks directly using VoIP. This allows calls to...

Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (1743 – 8 April 1798) was an English peer. He inherited the earldom in 1759, on the death of his brother, Baptist Noel...

copyrighted in his name. In 1927, the trio auditioned for record producer Ralph Peer and subsequently began their recording career with Victor. The tracks have...

Environmental Research (PEER) is a network of seven European environmental research centres, created in 2001. One of the aims of PEER is to foster innovative...

Templetown (14 March 1721 – 16 April 1785) was an Anglo-Irish courtier and peer. He was the youngest son of Lieutenant Colonel John Upton, of Castle Upton...

Tapestry peer-to-peer system offers efficient, scalable, self-repairing, location-aware routing to nearby resources. The first generation of peer-to-peer applications...

Edward Parker, 12th Baron Morley (c. 1550 – 1618) was an English peer, Lord of Morley, Hingham, Hockering, &c., in Norfolk, the son of Henry Parker, 11th...

Kildare (1661 – 9 November 1707), styled Lord Offaly until 1664, was an Irish peer. Kildare was the son of Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare, and Lady...

Life Than Dancing?, released by Virgin Records in 1979. Her next album, Peer Pressure, was released on March 29, 1982 on the Scotti Brothers label and...

Dawnay, 4th Viscount Downe (9 April 1728 – 21 December 1780), was a British peer and Whig politician. Dawnay was the younger son of John Dawnay, eldest son...

Computers & Graphics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers computer graphics and related subjects such as data visualization, human-computer...

content only to BitChute. Before its deprecation, BitChute claimed to use peer-to-peer WebTorrent technology for video distribution, though this was disputed...

decentralized peer-to-peer networking is implemented in a manner that adds more control and performance features than traditional peer-to-peer networks such...

George Rodney, 3rd Baron Rodney (18 June 1782 – 21 June 1842), was a British peer. Rodney was the eldest son of George Rodney, 2nd Baron Rodney, by Anne Harley...

2023), styled as Viscount Chelsea until 1997, was a British billionaire peer and landowner. Cadogan was the son of William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th...

Master of Lauderdale and Viscount Maitland from 1968 to 2008, is a Scottish peer. Maitland is the son of Patrick Maitland, 17th Earl of Lauderdale, and his...

Vane, 11th Baron Barnard (21 September 1923 – 3 April 2016), was an English peer and landowner in Northumbria and County Durham. Born at Raby Castle in County...

The American Journal of Physics is a monthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American...

September 1935 – 20 October 2022) was a British medical doctor and hereditary peer. Like his father, Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp, he was educated at The Leys...

July 1961), styled Master of Falkland from 1886 to 1922, was a Scottish peer. The eldest son of Byron Cary, 12th Viscount Falkland and his wife Mary,...

Franziska Peer (born 6 May 1987) is an Austrian sport shooter. She participated at the 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships, winning a medal. At the...

Kademlia-based distributed hash table (DHT) used by BitTorrent clients to find peers via the BitTorrent protocol. The idea of using a DHT for distributed tracking...

Code Co-op is the peer-to-peer revision control system made by Reliable Software. Code Co-op is a distributed revision control system of the replicated...

The Journal of Contemporary History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of history in all parts of the world since 1930. It...

Growing Pains (2017). This was followed by the release of two further EPs, Peer Pressure (2018) and Near Life Experience: Part 1 (2021). After parting from...

Wrottesley, 3rd Baron Wrottesley (17 June 1824 – 28 December 1910), was a British peer and Liberal politician. Wrottesley was born in London, the son of John Wrottesley...

Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh (died 1669) was an Irish peer and politician who sat in both the Irish House of Commons and the English House of Commons...

January 1608 – 22 December 1684) was an English politician, soldier and peer. Hawley was the son of Sir Henry Hawley of Wiveliscombe and Elizabeth, the...

excepted hereditary peers were held in October and November 1999, before the House of Lords Act 1999 excluded most hereditary peers from the membership...

of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, created by Michael Christen in 2003. The engine is written in Java and distributed on several hundred "YaCy-peer" computers...

Christopher Pery, 7th Earl of Limerick (born 10 February 1963), is an Anglo-Irish peer and son of Patrick Pery, 6th Earl of Limerick. He was educated at Eton College...

Baron Godolphin (2 November 1706 – 25 May 1785) was a British politician and peer. He was the eldest surviving son of Henry Godolphin, provost of Eton and...

Limerick GBE CH KCB DSO TD (16 October 1888 – 4 August 1967) was a British peer and soldier. Pery was the eldest son of the 3rd Earl of Limerick and his...

Marquess of Drogheda, KP, PC (I) (14 August 1825 – 29 June 1892), was an Irish peer, styled Viscount Moore until 1837. He was the only son of Lord Henry Seymour...

Margaret Brisbane, 5th Lady Napier (died 1706) was a Scottish peer. Margaret Brisbane (née Napier) was a member of the Napier family of Merchiston, Scotland...

Hedmark University College and Lillehammer University College. The rector is Peer Jacob Svenkerud. The university had applied to receive official university...

though not all, are based on some form of peer review or editorial refereeing to qualify texts for publication. Peer review quality and selectivity standards...

1912 – 12 November 2017) was a British-Irish peer and British Army officer. He is the longest-lived peer on record. The only son of two children born...

Archaeology in Oceania is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering prehistoric and historic archaeology, especially concerning Australia, the...

The New Zealand Journal of Ecology is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing ecological research relevant to New Zealand and the South...

November 1956), styled Lord Ralph Percy until 1995, is a British hereditary peer and rural landowner and head of the House of Percy. Ralph Percy was born...

Little Eaton, 8th Baronet (born 10 October 1982), is a British hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords who sits as a crossbencher. He is an engineer...

does not store copies of the files on its own servers but does provide peer-to-peer links to other servers on which infringing copies were stored. Apparently...

forwarded to any other news servers peered with the local one, while the local server will receive any news its peers have that it currently lacks. This...

Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington (5 April 1846 – 8 June 1900) was a British peer and Conservative Party politician. He was a son of Lord Charles Wellesley...

in Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play Peer Gynt. It was originally part of Opus 23 but was later extracted as the final piece of Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1, Op. 46....

The Pir Panjal Pass, also called Peer Ki Gali (or Peer Gali), is a mountain pass and a tourist destination located in the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and...

company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was the first peer-to-peer lender to register its offerings as securities with the Securities and...

The House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026 (c. 12), sometimes referred to during passage as the Hereditary Peers Bill, is an act of the Parliament...

vs. Napster, Inc. was the first case that involved an artist suing a peer-to-peer file sharing ("P2P") software company.[citation needed] Metallica is...

Sidney, 5th Earl of Leicester (8 July 1676 – 24 July 1705) was an English peer and Member of Parliament for Kent, styled Viscount Lisle from 1698 to 1702...

Peer Maqbool Shah Kralawari (1820–1877) پیر مقبول شاہ کرالہ واری was a poet of the 19th-century Kashmiri literature. Educated in Persian literature and...

Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore (8 August 1927 – 25 April 2025) was an Irish peer, styled Viscount Suirdale from 1948 until 1981. The son of John Hely-Hutchinson...

John Poulett, 3rd Baron Poulett (c. 1641 – June 1679), was an English peer. Poulett was the son of John Poulett, 2nd Baron Poulett, by Catharine Vere,...

the Union in 1800. However, in 1815 he was elected an Irish representative peer, replacing the deceased Earl of Westmeath, and was able to take his seat...

JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association...

known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed...

4th Baron Clonbrock KP PC (Ire) (10 March 1834 – 12 May 1917) was an Irish peer. In 1865, he was appointed High Sheriff of County Galway. He became Baron...

calculators. UpToDate is written by over 7,600 physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers. It is accessible online and offline via personal computers or...

– 20 February 1743), known as Robert FitzGerald until 1707, was an Irish peer. Kildare was the son of the Hon. Robert FitzGerald, younger son of George...

Acta Archaeologica is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering new discoveries of Northern European archaeological analysis. The journal is published...

domestic servant with the job of guarding the main entrance to the estate. Peer review is a practice widely used by specialized journals that publish articles...

the widow of Ian Paisley, Lord Bannside. Baroness Paisley became a life peer in 2006 and retired from the House of Lords on 30 October 2017. She is a...

February 1928 – 6 June 2016), was a British Army officer and hereditary peer. Harding was educated at Marlborough College and Worcester College, Oxford...

Short, Roy Mason and John Stonehouse. On 8 July 1970 he was created a life peer as Baron Slater, of Ferryhill in the County of Durham. "Baron Slater". Debrett's...

The Journal of Machine Learning Research is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering machine learning. It was established in 2000 and the...

titled The Greens Are Gone, is an American drama film written and directed by Peer Pedersen. It stars Catherine Keener, Riley Keough, Maya Rudolph, Molly Shannon...

styled Lord Fyvie until the death of his father in 1622, was a Scottish peer. Seton the son of Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline and Margaret,...

Evolutionary Psychology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published since 2003. It covers empirical, philosophical, historical, and socio-political...

Bitzi's standards and services have been adopted by a number of popular peer-to-peer file sharing systems. Bitzi was sponsored by a metadata publishing company...

Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford (before 1527 – 8 April 1566) was an English peer in the peerage of England and MP. Henry Stafford was the eldest surviving...

Pediatric Orthopaedics B (print: ISSN 1060-152X, online: ISSN 1473-5865) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins that...

peer-review after, rather than before, publishing a research article. Initially, F1000 was named after the 1,000 faculty members who performed peer-reviews...

"Douglas Peers". "Doug Peers". 3 October 2023. "Douglas M. Peers". "Douglas Peers". 3 August 2012. Wainwright, A. (2014). Douglas M. Peers and Nandini...

Peer Guldbrandsen (22 October 1912 – 13 March 1996) was a Danish screenwriter, actor, film director and producer. He wrote for 42 films between 1940 and...

1950), styled as Viscount Lascelles until July 2011, is a British hereditary peer and film and television producer. David Henry George Lascelles was born at...

Viscount Dudley and Ward (21 January 1750 – 25 April 1823) was a British peer and politician. Ward was the son of John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward...

Paget, 5th Baron Paget (13 September 1609 – 19 October 1678) was an English peer. He was born at Beaudesert House, Staffordshire, England on 13 September...

software company based in Nevis, West Indies that created the Grokster peer-to-peer file-sharing client in 2001 that used the FastTrack protocol. Grokster...

The House of Peers (Spanish: Estamento de Próceres) was the upper house in the Spanish Cortes between 1834 and 1836. The House was created by the Royal...

Scientific Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific mega journal published by Nature Portfolio, covering all areas of the natural sciences. The...

1827 – 11 June 1917), was a Scottish landowner and Scottish representative peer. Lord Haddington was the son of George Baillie-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Haddington...

Grey, 9th Earl of Stamford (18 April 1850 – 24 May 1910) was an English peer. Grey was born in Newfoundland, the son of Revd. William Grey and Harriet...

Soribada (Korean: 소리바다) was the first Korean peer-to-peer file-sharing service, launched in 2000 by Sean Yang. The name 'Soribada' means "Ocean of Sound"...

Scottish peers, including lords of parliament, were represented in the House of Lords by a limited number of elected Scottish representative peers. The Peerage...

renowned peer-reviewed journal Irish Geography. The primary publication of the Geographical Society of Ireland is Irish Geography, the premier peer-reviewed...

the United Kingdom. Nawa Pind is famous for the temple of Baba Bhole Peer (Bhole Peer da mela 13 Haad i.e. Gathering of people on 13 Haad which lies somewhere...

Richard Charles Peers (born July 1965) is a British Anglican priest. Between 2022 and 2024, he served as Dean of Llandaff. Peers was born in July 1965...

The Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume) is a peer-reviewed medical journal that addresses the "diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of diseases...

The Economic History Review is a peer-reviewed history journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic History Society. It was...

politician. A member of the Bonham-Carter family, he was created a life peer in 1986. Bonham-Carter was the son of the Liberal activists Sir Maurice Bonham-Carter...

Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American...

Chris Peers (born 3 March 1970 in Deinze) is a Belgian former professional cyclist. 1988 1st Junior National Road Race Championships 1991 1st Stages 2...

Cork and 7th Earl of Orrery (21 November 1742 – 30 May 1798) was an Irish peer and Somerset landowner. A younger son of the 5th Earl of Cork and Margaret...

Higher Education (NECHE) is a voluntary, peer-based, non-profit membership organization that performs peer evaluation and accreditation of public and...

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of biochemistry and biophysics that was established in 1947. The...

Interaction on Peer-to-Peer. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 264. Whelan, Andrew (2008). Breakcore: Identity and Interaction on Peer-to-Peer. Cambridge...

4th Baron Dorchester (1822–1897), British peer Dudley Carleton, 2nd Baron Dorchester (1876–1963), British peer This disambiguation page lists articles about...

television sets and home audio systems. AirPlay works through either a direct peer-to-peer connection between devices or through an infrastructure local network...

eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule connects to both...