PKPD modeling (pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling) (alternatively abbreviated as PK/PD[1] or PK-PD[2] modeling) is a technique that combines the two classical pharmacologic disciplines of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.[3] It integrates a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic model component into one set of mathematical expressions that allows the description of the time course of effect intensity in response to administration of a drug dose. PKPD modeling is related to the field of pharmacometrics.
Central to PKPD models is the concentration-effect or exposure-response relationship.[4] A variety of PKPD modeling approaches exist to describe exposure-response relationships. PKPD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model.[5] However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist:[6][7]
PKPD modeling has its importance at each step of the drug development[9][10] and it has shown its usefulness in many diseases.[11] The Food and Drug Administration also provides guidances for Industry to recommend how exposure-response studies should be performed.[12]
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