Oxfendazole is an anthelmintic (wormer) compound used in veterinary practice. It comes under the chemical class of the benzimidazoles. This drug is barely used in horses,[3] goats, sheep, and cattle. It is very scarcely applied on dogs and cats. The drug for livestock is majorly available in the form of pills, tablets, drenches, bolus, etc. They are meant for oral consumption. Several drenches are allowed for intraruminal injection in some of the countries. Few countries also prefer injectables and pour-ons. For pet dogs, the drug is available in the form of drenches.
Efficacy
Both oxfendazole and fenbendazole are efficacious against gastrointestinal lungworms and roundworms of livestock, adults, and L4-larvae of the significant species for example, of the genera Bunostomum, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, Teladorsagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Dictyocaulus, Trichuris, etc., including against arrested larvae of some of the species.[4][5][6] They are even highly efficient against majority of the tapeworms commonly found in livestock.[7][8][9] This drug works effectively against the main parasitic roundworms and tapeworms of dogs and cats.[10][11]
The drug offers a small residual effect in ruminants unless and otherwise it is delivered by using a slow-release device. This essentially means that on a single administration it will help in killing the parasites which are present in the host during the time of treatment and also prevent against re-infestations for some more days but not weeks or months. The residual effect is comparatively shorter in non-ruminants. The drug is non-effective against flukes and external parasites at therapeutic dose.
Adverse Effects
Since the toxicity of oxfendazole is quite low, it is generally well tolerated by most species. However, high oral doses can causes intoxication resulting in loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomit and convulsions, hepatic and epicardial hemorrhage, allergic reactions etc. Due to lack of research, it is not suggested to use oxfendazole in pregnant mares and bitches. It is also not recommended to use oxfendazole tablets to treat dogs or cats.[12] A registered veterinarian must authorize the use of oxfendazole.in any species.
Society and culture
Brand names
Oxfendazole is sold under brand names of Synanthic (Suspension),[13] Benzelmin (Paste),[14] Anthelcide EQ(Paste).
^Duncan JL, Reid JF (October 1978). "An evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against the common nematode parasites of the horse". The Veterinary Record. 103 (15): 332–334. doi:10.1136/vr.103.15.332. PMID364817.
^Jabbar A, Iqbal MZ, Ashraf M, Durrani AZ, Sajjad H, Wana MN, et al. (February 2022). "Effects of Ferula asafetida, closantel, albendazole, oxfendazole, and ivermectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats and sheep". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 54 (2): 107. doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03111-z. PMID35187616.
^Williams JC, DeRosa A, Nakamura Y, Loyacano AF (December 1997). "Comparative efficacy of ivermectin pour-on, albendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole against Ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae, other gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle". Veterinary Parasitology. 73 (1–2): 73–82. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00066-6. PMID9477494.
^Downey NE (October 1976). "Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lung-worms in calves". The Veterinary Record. 99 (14): 267–270. doi:10.1136/vr.99.14.267. PMID136085. S2CID29572443.
^Gemmell MA, Johnstone PD, Oudemans G (May 1979). "The effect of oxfendazole on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs". Research in Veterinary Science. 26 (3): 389–390. doi:10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32902-3. PMID515529.
