Or (heraldry)

Or
Class	Metal
Non-heraldic equivalent	Gold or yellow
Monochromatic designations
Hatching pattern
Tricking abbr.	o., or.
Poetic designations
Heavenly body	Sun
Jewel	Topaz
Virtue	Faith; obedience, and gentility

In heraldry, or (/ɔːʁ/; French for "gold") is the tincture of gold and, together with argent (silver), belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". In engravings and line drawings, it is hatched using a field of evenly spaced dots. It is very frequently depicted as yellow, though gold leaf was used in many illuminated manuscripts and more extravagant rolls of arms.

The word "gold" is occasionally used in place of "or" in blazon, sometimes to prevent repetition of the word "or" in a blazon, or because this substitution was in fashion when the blazon was first written down, or when it is preferred by the officer of arms.^[1] The use of "gold" for "or" (and "silver" for "argent") was a short-lived fashion amongst certain heraldic writers in the mid-20th century who attempted to "demystify" and popularise the subject of heraldry.

"Or" is sometimes spelled with a capital letter (e.g. "Gules, a fess Or") so as not to confuse it with the conjunction "or".^[2] However, this incorrect heraldic usage is not met with in standard reference works such as Bernard Burke's General Armory, 1884 and Debrett's Peerage. Fox-Davies advocated leaving all tinctures uncapitalized. A correctly stated blazon should eliminate any possible confusion between the tincture or and the conjunction "or" (which is rare in blazons in any case), certainly for the reader with a basic competence in heraldry.

Or plain are the arms of Spanish family de Menezes.^[3]

Poetic meanings

The different tinctures are sometimes said to be associated with special meanings and virtues, and with certain elements and precious stones, although these associations have been mostly disregarded by serious heraldists.^[4] Sources vary, but or is usually said to represent the following:

• Of jewels, the topaz^[5]
• Of heavenly bodies, the Sun^[6]
• Of metals, gold
• Of virtues, faith^[7] or obedience and gentility^[8]

Gallery

• 
  Arms of Gervais family, France
• 
  Arms of Chemillé, France
• 
  Coat of arms for the municipality of Aurskog-Høland (kommune), Norway, "Or, a lobster haurient sable"
• 
  Arms of Chantemerle-les-Blés, France
• 
  Arms of Puy-de-Dôme, France

See also

• Gold (color)
• Old Gold

References

1. Woodcock, Thomas; Robinson, John Martin (1988). The Oxford Guide to Heraldry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0-19-211658-4.
2. See Blazon: Capitalization
3. "Meneses family heraldry genealogy Coat of arms Meneses".
4. Woodcock, Thomas; Robinson, John Martin (1988). The Oxford Guide to Heraldry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-19-211658-4.
5. Elvin, Charles Norton (1889). A Dictionary of Heraldry. London: Kent. p. 124.
6. Elvin (1889), p. 117.
7. See the table in Woodcock & Robinson (1988), p. 54, compiled from G. Leigh's Accedence of Armory (1562) and Sir John Ferne's The Glory of Generositie (1586).
8. Woodcock & Robinson (1988), p. 54, attributed to Johannes de Bado Aureo.

Further reading

• Woodcock, Thomas and John Martin Robinson (1988). The Oxford Guide to Heraldry. Oxford: University Press. ISBN 0-19-211658-4