Om Shanti Om (transl. literally to Peace Be With You[a]) is a 2007 Hindi-language romanticfantasy film written and directed by Farah Khan, co-written by Mayur Puri and Mushtaq Shiekh, and produced by Gauri Khan under Red Chillies Entertainment. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone (in her Hindi film debut), Shreyas Talpade, Kirron Kher, and Arjun Rampal. The story follows Om Prakash Makhija (Khan), an obscure 1970s actor, who dies in a suspicious on-set fire involving his crush, well-known yesteryears superstar Shanti Priya (Padukone), and is reincarnated in the present day as superstar Om Kapoor, seeking to exact revenge on the perpretrator, Shanti's husband and powerful producer Mukesh Mehra (Rampal).
Om Shanti Om was produced on a budget of ₹40 crore (US$9.67 million). Farah Khan wrote the film while directing the musical Bombay Dreams (2002), which was based on the Indian film industry. The film eventually began production after its leads were cast, with its title being derived from a song from Subhash Ghai's Karz (1980). The soundtrack was composed by Vishal–Shekhar, with lyrics written by Javed Akhtar. The background score was performed by Sandeep Chowta. The album was a critical and commercial success, becoming the highest-selling album of the year in India. The film is notable for its cameo appearances from Indian film celebrities in several sequences and songs.
Om Shanti Om released on 9 November 2007, co-inciding with Diwali, by Eros International. It received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its story, screenplay, soundtrack, production design, costumes, and performances of the cast. The film grossed ₹152 crore (US$36.76 million) worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing Hindi film of 2007 and the highest-grossing Hindi film ever at the time of its release.
In 1977, Om Prakash "Omi" Makhija, a junior artist in Mumbai, dreams of becoming a renowned actor. He lives with his widowed mother, Bela, and his friend Pappu Master in a small chawl. Omi adores the glamorous actress Shantipriya, often expressing his feelings in front of her film poster. One night, he and Pappu sneak into the premiere of Shanti's film, Dreamy Girl, in disguise, making a memorable impression on her. Later, Omi, inebriated, gives a heartfelt acceptance speech to Pappu and local children, pretending to have won an award.
Omi and Pappu land minor roles at R.C. Studios, owned by the egotistical producer Mukesh Mehra, who also launched Shanti's career. During a shoot, Shanti gets trapped in a fire but is rescued by Omi. The two become friends, and although Omi initially lies about being a Tamil film star to impress her, he eventually confesses the truth. Shanti genuinely likes him, and with Pappu's help, they share a memorable evening together.
Omi overhears a heated argument between Shanti and Mukesh, revealing that they are secretly married. Shanti is furious when she learns that Mukesh plans to marry the daughter of the distributor for his upcoming film, Om Shanti Om. She reveals to Mukesh that she is pregnant with his child, which seems to please him. Heartbroken, Omi avoids Shanti.
Mukesh then takes Shanti to the future set of Om Shanti Om, claiming he will cancel the film and have a grand wedding there to make their marriage public. Omi visits Shanti but is devastated to see her with Mukesh; he leaves without either noticing. However, once Omi leaves, Mukesh reveals his true colours to Shanti, confessing that his actual plan is to kill her and their unborn child to avoid any impedance in his career as a producer. He lights up set on fire and locks Shanti inside. Despite his attempts to rescue her after Mukesh leaves, Omi gets beaten by Mukesh's guards and is thrown out by an explosion by the time he can get to Shanti. The set burns down with Shanti inside. Omi is later struck by the car of actor Rajesh Kapoor, whose wife Lovely is in labor.
Rajesh brings Omi to the hospital, but he dies from his injuries, while Rajesh and Lovely welcome a baby boy named Om Kapoor. Thirty years later, Om Kapoor aka O. K., now a successful yet arrogant actor, suffers from pyrophobia and frequently encounters Bela, who believes him to be her son. He dismisses her as delusional, and Pappu, now old, tries to explain the truth, but Bela remains unconvinced.
While shooting at the abandoned R.C. Studios, O.K. experiences vivid flashbacks and unwittingly delivers Omi's old drunken speech at a Filmfare Awards event. Pappu realizes Omi has been reincarnated. At a party celebrating his victory, O.K. meets Mukesh, now known as Mike, who proposes a film collaboration; an introduction to him causes O.K. to fully remember the events of his previous life. Om finally reunites with Bela and Pappu, and they plan to expose Mukesh's crimes.
O.K. resumes filming Om Shanti Om at the old studio after convincing Mukesh to revive the project, and hires Sandhya "Sandy" Bansal, an aspiring actress who is a doppelganger of Shanti and a huge fangirl of Om. He initially hides his plan but later reveals the truth to Sandy, who promises to help him. At the film's inauguration, Bela, disguised as a witch, tries to scare Mukesh, but the plan fails. However, despite a plan gone wrong, a photograph of Shanti inexplicably catches fire, unsettling Mukesh.
During a masquerade ball for the film's music launch, Om indirectly hints at Mukesh's guilt through Shanti's story. Sandy accidentally reveals her ruse by injuring herself, proving she is not a ghost. Mukesh, suspicious of the film reels, chases Sandy but is knocked out by a chandelier. When he regains consciousness, O.K. confronts him about Shanti's murder. Mukesh mocks O.K., claiming there is no proof. Sandy then appears, disclosing that Mukesh had buried Shanti alive under the chandelier after discovering she had survived the initial fire. Both Om and Mukesh seem perturbed, since neither feels she would have known Shanti's tragic story this deeply; in the confrontation that follows, Om finally overcomes his pyrophobia and defeats Mukesh, who is crushed to death by Sandy looking at the chandelier.
O.K. remains confused about Sandy knowing the truth about Shanti's death until Pappu and Anwar arrive with the real Sandy. He finally realizes that the woman with him is actually Shanti's ghost, who was also responsible for the unexplained aids in his plan. With her death now avenged, Om and Shanti bid each other a tearful goodbye, and he reunites with Sandy while Shanti runs up the stairs and disappears, having attained peace.
31 Bollywood film actors appeared in cameo appearances for the song "Deewangi Deewangi". Other actors were also supposed to play cameos, including Fardeen Khan, who was arrested in Dubai over a drug case. Dev Anand refused as he always played lead roles in his career. Madhuri Dixit declined due to the promotional activities of Aaja Nachle (2007). Ajay Devgn declined due to his shooting schedule of Sunday (2008) in New Delhi . Dilip Kumar and Saira Banu didn't appear in the song, despite plans to include them. Amitabh Bachchan declined due to his son Abhishek Bachchan's wedding to Aishwarya Rai, while Aamir Khan declined due to Taare Zameen Par (2007) on his pending editing. Farah had wanted the three Khans to appear together in a film. Rekha, who appears in the song, carried out 2 days of rehearsal for it. All those who appeared for the song received gifts, including a Blackberry phone and a Tag Heuer watch.[7] The participants are listed below:
In 2002, Farah Khan worked as a choreographer for the musical Bombay Dreams in London, which she felt presented a "clichéd and outdated version" of the Indian film industry.[8] She thought that the musical would not be successful if released in India.[8] She instead thought of a new story, writing her initial thoughts about the subject on Andrew Lloyd Webber's letterhead while staying in his house.[9] Later in 2006, Farah began to work on her next project, which was tentatively titled Happy New Year. Amid speculations that Shah Rukh Khan would star in Happy New Year, the actor rejected the first draft of the film, upon which Farah's husband and editor Shirish Kunder reminded her of the story she had conceived while in London.[7]Happy New Year, which was to mark Deepika Padukone's Hindi debut, was put on hiatus and revived more than 8 years later under the same title.[10]
Farah completed writing the first script of Om Shanti Om within two weeks.[7][b] She set the first half in the 1970s as she felt the Hindi films made during that period were much more influential than those made in other periods, particularly the 1980s, which she felt was a period when "the worst movies were made". She also included many references to the 1970s, which were also prevalent in films of that time. She said, "Everything in the first half is about the 70s—such as the mother who overacts, mouthing clichéd dialogues. Then there are cabarets, badminton and other stuff popular during that era."[8] Shah Rukh's costumes were designed by Karan Johar, while Manish Malhotra designed Padukone's costumes. The rest of the cast had their costumes designed by Sanjeev Mulchandani.[11]
In addition to directing the film, Farah co-wrote the story with Mayur Puri and Mushtaq Shiekh. She was also the film's choreographer. Puri wrote the screenplay and dialogues.[12] He completed the writing process in two months and rewrote the film's second half.[13] Puri created the screenplay by writing his natural reaction to the characters as scenarios. He knew that despite being part of a crowd, junior artists do not want to be recognised as such, ruins their chances of landing a leading role in future. This was used in a sequence involving Shah Rukh and Talpade, who play junior artists. Puri blended different genres together in Om Shanti Om, which he felt was challenging. He used his personal memories from childhood for creating the 1970s.[14] Shirish Kunder was the editor, while V. Manikandan was the cinematographer.[12]
Sabu Cyril was the film's production designer. Sabu was first offered the Mani Ratnam-directed Guru (2007) at a time when Om Shanti Om was being planned, but ultimately chosen the latter due to his earlier commitment to Farah for her future project.[15] Farah used two particular dialogues in the film: "When you want something badly, the whole universe conspires to give to you" and "In the end everything will be ok and if its not ok its not the end". These were used as Khan felt that it reflected her philosophy in her life.[16] Farah stated that the film's opening scene was her most favourite in it.[17] In 2008, Puri felt his most favourite dialogue from the ones he wrote would be the Filmfare Awards speech.[14] The film's title derives from the eponymous song from the film Karz (1980).[18]Om is a Hindu mantra; Om Shanti Om roughly translates to "Peace Be With You".[19][20]
The film opens with the grandeur shot of the most famous songs of Karz that is Om Shanti Om featuring Rishi Kapoor and SRK as a junior film artist standing in the crowd.[21]
Casting
Shah Rukh was cast as the lead; he gained six packs for a song sequence.[22] He felt Om Shanti Om was a "happy film".[23]
Farah was advised by Malaika Arora to cast Padukone as the female lead, who was suggested by Wendell Rodricks, under whom Padukone was working.[24] She was cast without a screen test.[25] Khan felt that she was "a beautiful, classic Indian beauty" who fit the role of an actor of the 1970s.[8] She was excited at the prospect of working with Shah Rukh and said, "I've grown up watching [Shah Rukh] and always admired him so much. To get to work with him ... is quite wonderful. It was also fantastic that Farah showed faith in my talent and cast me opposite him."[26]
In preparation for her role, Padukone watched several films of actresses Helen and Hema Malini to study their body language.[27] Her character was modelled after Malini and nicknamed Dreamy Girl after her the latter's nickname as Dream Girl.[28] Rampal was approached by both Khan and Shah Rukh at the latter's New Year's Eve party. Rampal was initially reluctant to do the role as he felt it was "too evil" for someone like him. With persuasion from Shah Rukh, he agreed. Rampal wore a mustache in the film which was suggested by Shah Rukh.[7] Shreyas Talpade played a supporting role as the best friend of Khan's character. After the release of Iqbal (2005) and completing the filming of Dor, Talpade, who attended the same gym as Khan, was called for a narration of what would be Om Shanti Om. He agreed to do the role.[29]
Om Shanti Om was made on a budget of ₹40 crore.[2] The first scene to be filmed was one where Talpade's character tells Shah Rukh's character that he will be a hero; Shah Rukh was an hour late for filming.[29] Farah was pregnant with triplets while filming and experienced difficulties while shooting, she would constantly vomit while directing the film.[32] The film was shot entirely in sync sound; Farah dismissed rumours of Padukone's voice being dubbed.[33] In 2015, however, Mona Ghosh Shetty admitted to have dubbed for Padukone in the film.[34] The fake fight scene involving a stuffed tiger was inspired by a similar scene in the film Tarzan 303.[7] Old cars owned by actors Rajesh Khanna and Hema Malini were used for filming for authenticity.[35]
A number of references to real life was also filmed, including a scene in which Om rescues Shanti from a fire, which was a spoof of Sunil Dutt rescuing Nargis from a fire on the sets of Mother India (1957). For a shot involving a Filmfare Awards ceremony, Khan stood on the red carpet of an actual Filmfare Award ceremony and requested actors to dictate dialogues as she stated. The song "Deewangi Deewangi" was shot over a period of six days.[7] The song "Dhoom Taana" has digitally altered guest appearances, which included Sunil Dutt from Amrapali (1966), Rajesh Khanna from Sachaa Jhutha (1970) and Jeetendra from Jay Vejay (1977).[36] Farah wanted to film Shakira for filming a special appearance had made her commit a few days for the role. Due to the uncertainty of her dates, the idea was scrapped.[35]
In February 2007, a filming schedule was completed in Film City. It was then reported that filming would move outdoors after Shah Rukh completed filming for Kaun Banega Crorepati.[37] In October 2007, Abhishek Bachchan finished filming for his cameo appearance; he shot between 10 and 2 in the night for his screen time of about one and a half minutes.[38] Filming of the last sequence and the end-credit song was done in Film City.[39] Farah continued the tradition of featuring an end-credits song beginning with Main Hoon Na (2004).[40]
Om Shanti Om was produced by Shah Rukh's wife Gauri Khan under their Red Chillies Entertainment banner. While Marching Ants handled the publicity design, Gauri was the presenter. Shyam Kaushal, Amar Shetty and Shah Rukh were the action directors.[12] The film's final reel length was 4013.94 ft (1223.45 m).[12]
Om Shanti Om created a record of sorts by going in for an unheard of 2000 prints (worldwide) release. This was the highest number of prints (including digital) for any Indian movie at the time of its release.[47]
Pre-sale records
Om Shanti Om set another record for registered pre-advance booking of 18,000 tickets in a chain of theatres in Delhi a few days before the advance booking was to start.[48] A special screening was conducted for Bollywood actors.[49]Red Chillies Entertainment had reportedly sold the world rights for the film to Eros International for an amount between Rs. 720–750 million. Baba Films, a production and distribution company, had offered a record Rs. 110 million for the rights to the Mumbai Circuit, surpassing the highest amount ever paid for the territory. As a marketing strategy, Amul advertised Shah Rukh.[50]
Home media
In the United Kingdom, the film was watched by 750,000 viewers on Channel 4 in 2010. This made it the year's most-watched foreign-language film on UK television, above the Japanese anime film Spirited Away and German animated film The Little Polar Bear.[51]
Controversies
Spoof on Manoj Kumar
Manoj Kumar planned to sue the makers of Om Shanti Om for showing his body double in bad taste.[52] Kumar added, "Are the Mumbai police so stupid that they can't recognise Manoj Kumar and lathicharge him in the '70s when he was a star?".[53] Later, in a press conference, Shahrukh Khan and director Farah Khan accepted their mistake and apologised for the matter.[54] Farah Khan even offered to cut the scene which Manoj Kumar felt was hurtful, but Kumar refused on grounds that, as Farah had stated, "I [Farah Khan] am like his daughter. He said, 'Betiyaan maafi nahi maangti' (Daughters don't ask for forgiveness). I told him that he could've called me and scolded me."[54] Later, Kumar said that though this incident was hurtful to him, he wishes to forgive, ignore, and move on, saying that he prefers to "see Ram in everyone and ignore the Ravana."[55]
Before the film's television premiere on Sony TV, Manoj Kumar filed for a stay on the television release, at civil court in Mumbai. On 8 August 2008, he won permanent injunction on the scenes in Om Shanti Om that lampooned him. The court ordered the producers and Sony Entertainment Television, to edit the Manoj Kumar look-alike scenes before showing the film on the channel on 10 August 2008. It also ordered that the film could not be shown in any media—TV, DVD or Internet—without the scene being deleted.[56][57]
Plagiarism allegations
On 7 August 2008, before its television release, scriptwriter Ajay Monga moved the Bombay High Court alleging that the basic storyline of the film was lifted from a film script he had emailed to Shah Rukh Khan in 2006. According to the petition, "Monga, along with one more writer Hemant Hegde, had registered the script with the Cine Writers Association (CWA) in September 2005. In January 2008, Cine Writers Association (CWA) rejected Monga's appeal at a special Executive Committee meeting. Thereafter, he approached the court to stay the film's screening on television. Though, on 6 August the court rejected Monga's plea for seeking a stay on the television telecast, it directed all the respondents including Shahrukh Khan, Farah Khan, Red Chillies Entertainment, Gauri Khan (director Red Chillies) and film's co-writer Mushtaq Sheikh, to file their say by the next hearing on 29 September 2008.[58][59] In November 2008, the Film Writers' association sent a communication to Red Chillies and Ajay Monga that it had found similarities in Om Shanti Om and Monga's script. The similarities were more than mere coincidences according to Sooni Taraporewala who chaired a special committee that has investigated the case on behalf of the Film Writers' association.[60]
Another allegation of plagiarism came from Rinki Bhattacharya, daughter of late Bimal Roy, who directed Madhumati (1958). She threatened legal action against Red Chillies Entertainment and the producer-director of Om Shanti Om, as she felt that the film's second half was similar to Madhumati, also a rebirth saga.[58][61]
Reception
Box office
Om Shanti Om opened across 1100 cinemas in 3000 prints worldwide.[62] The film's net gross (after deducting entertainment tax) was ₹794 million (US$19.2 million) in India.[63] The film collected $2.62 million in the United Kingdom, $3.6 million in North America,[64] and $3.93 million collectively from the rest of the world, which resulted in total overseas collections of $10,150,000,[2][65] the fourth largest of all time as of 2010.[65] As a result of these collections, a worldwide gross of ₹150 crore (US$36.28 million) was accumulated.[66]
Om Shanti Om was received positively by Indian film critics.[68][69][70]Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave it four stars out of five and writes, "Om Shanti Om is Bollywood masala in its truest form and also, at its best" but notes, "the second half could've been crisper".[71]Khalid Mohamed of Hindustan Times gave the film four stars out of five and appreciated the performances, observing how Rampal is "consistently first-rate as the suave villain" while Padukone is "fantastic, so surprisingly assured that you marvel at her poised debut". He notes that "the enterprise belongs to Shah Rukh Khan, who tackles comedy, high drama and action with his signature style—spontaneous and intuitively intelligent. Six-pack or no-packs, he's the entertainer of the year in this valentine to the movies."[72]
Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India gave the film three and a half stars out of five and writes, "Farah Khan's re-birth saga literally makes an art of retro and paints the seventies pop culture in Andy Warholish strokes". She called it an "unabashed tribute" to Karz.[73]Raja Sen of Rediff.com gave it three and a half stars out of five and applauded the performances of Shah Rukh, Padukone and Talpade. He writes, "Om Shanti Om is an exultant, heady, joyous film reveling in Bollywood, and as at most parties where the bubbly flows free, there is much silly giggling and tremendous immaturity." He criticised the dialogues and excessive cameos in the film.[74]
Rajeev Masand of News18 gave the film three stars out of five and writes, "Unpretentious and completely transparent in its intentions, Om Shanti Om is an entertainer in the true sense of the word, mixing up genre elements like comedy, drama, action and emotion to create a heady broth of Manmohan Desai-style exaggerated entertainment." He compliments the dialogues "which so cleverly incorporates Bollywood's oldest clichés into these characters' everyday parlance."[75] A commentator for Indo-Asian News Service felt that Shah Rukh's acting was repetitive and writes, "He needs to curtail his unwarranted superstar mannerisms even in a total masala film like Om Shanti Om", while complimenting the performances of Padukone, Rampal and Talpade.[69]
Sudish Kamnath of The Hindu stated that the film is "an unabashed celebration of willing suspension of disbelief, calling it a "light-hearted tribute to Hindi cinema the way we know it and love it". He praised the performances of Shah Rukh, Padukone and Talpade, while criticising Rampal and Kher. He also praised the various spoofs, especially the ones directed at Manoj Kumar, Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Abhishek Bachchan.[76] Writing for SantaBanta.com, Subhash K. Jha gave it one star out of five and criticised the spoofs "which keeps swinging from homage to imitation with infuriating artifice", writing, "The mood is one of patronizing and condescension rather than genuine admiration for an era that's gone with the wind".[77]
International
Tajpal Rathore of BBC gave it 4 out of 5 stars as well and stated, "Both a homage to and parody of Hindi Films, this cinematic feast delivered straight from the heart of the film industry will have you glued to your seats till the end."[78] Mark Medley of National Post gave 3 stars and stated, "The film is a mess for all the right reasons; elements of comedy, drama, romance, action and the supernatural are packed in. But really, the plot is just a vehicle to get from one song-and-dance number to the next."[79]AOL gave the film 3 out of 5 stars stating, "The movie consists of all the elements that are essentially called the 'navratnas' of Indian cinema – from joy to grief to romance to revenge. And she mixes these well to cook up a potboiler, which is sure to be a runaway hit."[80]
In Japan in 2017, Om Shanti Om was remade into a musical, performed by the all-female troupe Takarazuka Revue, titled Oomu Shanti Oumu.[107][108]
A book, titled The Making of Om Shanti Om written by Mushtaq Sheikh, was released after the release of the film. The book gives an insight into the production and happenings behind the camera of the film.[109][110]
^The phrase, an Indian greeting meaning "Peace Be With You", also refers to the film's lead characters.
^This fact in itself, appears to strongly corroborate Monga's allegation of plagiarism, which later was found to be correct by the Film Writers' association
^Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.
Route 8N8 as Natalio Bacalso Avenue/Cebu South Road (Osmeña Boulevard) in Cebu with the planned BRT line in the middle.Route informationMaintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)Length174 km (108 mi)Major junctionsNorth end N810 (Cebu North Road) in DanaoMajor intersections Metro Cebu Expressway in Danao N840 (S.A. Lauron Avenue / Cansaga–Tayud Road) in Liloan N841 (United Nations Avenue) in Mandaue N82 (A.C. Cortes Avenue) in Mandaue N815 (Pope Jo...
Dr. Ir. H.Abdullah PutehM.Si.Dr. Ir. H. Abdullah Puteh sebagai Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia periode 2019–2024Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerahdari AcehPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Oktober 2019Perolehan suara133.367 (2019)Gubernur Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam ke-15Masa jabatan25 November 2000 – 19 Juli 2004WakilAzwar AbubakarPendahuluSyamsudin MahmudPenggantiIrwandi YusufAnggota Majelis Permusyawaratan RakyatMasa jabatan1 Oktober 1997 – 30 September ...
ГородСинковильясCincovillas Герб 41°12′19″ с. ш. 2°49′10″ з. д.HGЯO Страна Испания Автономное сообщество Кастилия-Ла-Манча Провинция Гвадалахара Район Ла-Серрания Глава Мария дель Кармен Мартин Мартинес[d] История и география Площадь 16,4 км² Высота 1012 м Часовой п...
Hubert Karl Philipp Beckers (* 4. November 1806 in München; † 10. März 1889 ebenda) war ein deutscher Philosoph. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Wirken 2 Grabstätte 3 Namensgeber für Straße 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise Leben und Wirken Beckers schloss 1825 seine gymnasialen Studien an der Königlichen Sudien-Anstalt München (heute Wilhelmsgymnasium München)[1] ab. Anschließend studierte er an der Universität München zunächst Jura, später Philosophie, unter and...
Một phương pháp sản xuất kháng thể đơn dòng[1][2] Kháng thể đơn dòng (viết tắt là mAb, theo từ tiếng Anh: monoclonal antibody) là phân tử được sản xuất trong ống nghiệm, có tác dụng như các kháng thể thay thế có thể khôi phục, tăng cường hoặc bắt chước cuộc tấn công của hệ thống miễn dịch đối với các tế bào ung thư hay các loại virus gây bệnh truyền nhiễm. Kháng thể đ
Hak asasi manusiaLogo hak asasi manusia Kategorisasi Hak sipil dan politikHak ekonomi, sosial, dan budayaTiga generasi HAM Instrumen utama PUHAMICCPRICESCR Instrumen regional EropaAmerikaAfrika Hari Hak Asasi Manusialbs Hak asasi manusia di Malaysia adalah bersifat kontroversial dengan adanya berbagai tuduhan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di negeri ini. Kelompok hak asasi manusia dan pemerintah asing umumnya kritis terhadap pemerintah Malaysia dan Kepolisian diraja Malaysia. hukum penah...
Gundagai Shire Local Government Area van Australië Locatie van Gundagai Shire Council in Nieuw-Zuid-Wales Situering Staat Nieuw-Zuid-Wales Streek Riverina Hoofdplaats Gundagai (255 Sheridan Street)[1] Coördinaten 35°4'ZB, 148°7'OL Algemene informatie Oppervlakte 2.458 km² Inwoners 3.712 Politiek Burgemeester Len Tozer Overig Website http://gundagai.local-e.nsw.gov.au/ Portaal Australië Gundagai Shire Council is een Local Government Area (LGA) in de Australische deel...
Sam Phillips Información personalNombre de nacimiento Samantha PhillipsNacimiento 25 de febrero de 1966 (57 años)Savage, Maryland, Nacionalidad EstadounidenseLengua materna Inglés Características físicasAltura 1,75 m (5′ 9″)Peso 57 kg (125 lb)Información profesionalOcupación Actriz, modelo, modelo erótica, conductora radiofónica y actriz de cine Sitio web thesingleliferadioshow.com Distinciones Penthouse Pet (1993) [editar datos en Wikidata] Samantha...
Fujimorisme FujimorismoKetua umumKeiko FujimoriPendiriAlberto FujimoriDibentuk1990; 32 tahun lalu (1990)Kantor pusatLimaKeanggotaanPopular ForceIdeologiKonservatisme nasionalPopulisme sayap kananLiberalisme ekonomiAnti komunismePosisi politikKanan jauhWarna Oranye HitamKursi di Kongres14 / 130 Kegubernuran0 / 25 BenderaSitus webfuerzapopularperu.peAlberto Fujimori, mantan Presiden Peru Fujimorisme (Spanyol: Fujimorismo) adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada ideologi po...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: I, Juan de Pareja – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1965 children's novel by Elizabeth Borton de Treviño I, Juan de Pareja First editionAuthorElizabeth Borton de TreviñoCountryUni...
German entomologist Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde,[1] in Adalbert Seitz (1910–1924), Macrolepidoptera of the World, vol. 5. American Butterflies Max Wilhelm Karl Draudt (11 March 1875, Darmstadt – 4 April 1953 Darmstadt) was a German entomologist, who specialised in Lepidoptera. His collections of the Lepidoptera of Mexico are conserved in various institutions such as Senckenberg Museum, the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and the Museum für Naturkunde. Partial list of p...
American basketball player (born 1980) Matt BonnerBonner with the Spurs in 2010Personal informationBorn (1980-04-05) April 5, 1980 (age 43)Concord, New Hampshire, U.S.NationalityAmericanListed height6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)Listed weight235 lb (107 kg)Career informationHigh schoolConcord (Concord, New Hampshire)CollegeFlorida (1999–2003)NBA draft2003: 2nd round, 45th overall pickSelected by the Chicago BullsPlaying career2003–2017PositionPower forward / centerNumbe...
Woodland in Southern England Swinley redirects here. For the suburb in Wigan, see Swinley, Wigan. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Swinley Forest – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Track through Swinley Forest Swinle...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Cagar Alam Danalaya terletak di kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Objek wisata cagar alam ini merupakan hutan jati. Kayu jati di hutan ini khusus diperuntukkan untuk membangun istana raja Surakarta. Apabila Raja Surakarta membutuhkan kayu jati untuk me...
British adult television channel This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Babestation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removi...
Symbol Hans Simon Holtzbecker: Rosa gallica, gouache, c. 1650 (Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen).The vivid red, semi-double Rosa gallica was the ancestor of all the roses of medieval Europe.[1] Various folk cultures and traditions assign symbolic meaning to the rose, though these are seldom understood in-depth. Examples of deeper meanings lie within the language of flowers, and how a rose may have a different meaning in arrangements. Examples of common meanings of different ...
Награды и номинации группы TWICE Всего наград: 107 Всего номинаций: 267 Музыкальные шоу: 100 Список наград и номинаций южнокорейской гёрл-группы Twice включает в себя более 257 номинаций, свыше 184 побед, а также свыше 119 наград на музыкальных шоу (M!Countdown, Music Bank, Inkigayo и т.д.). Свою первую п...
Not to be confused with J. D. McArthur. American businessman and philanthropist John D. MacArthurBornJohn Donald MacArthur(1897-03-06)March 6, 1897Pittston, Pennsylvania, U.S.DiedJanuary 6, 1978(1978-01-06) (aged 80)West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.Occupation(s)Businessman, philanthropistKnown forMacArthur FoundationSpouses Louise Ingalls (div. 1937) Catherine T. Hyland (m. 1938) Children2, including J. Roderick MacArthurRel...
Invenzioni modernePaperino e il maggiordomo robotTitolo originaleModern Inventions Lingua originaleinglese Paese di produzioneStati Uniti d'America Anno1937 Durata9 min Rapporto1,37:1 Generecommedia, animazione RegiaJack King SceneggiaturaCarl Barks e Jack King ProduttoreWalt Disney Casa di produzioneWalt Disney Productions Distribuzione in italianoBuena Vista Distribution; United Artists MusicheOliver Wallace AnimatoriPaul Allen, Johnny Cannon, Jack Hannah, John McManus, Milt Schaffer, R...
Finnish ice hockey player and coach Ice hockey player Kai Suikkanen Suikkanen in 2023Born (1959-06-29) June 29, 1959 (age 64)Parkano, FINHeight 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)Weight 205 lb (93 kg; 14 st 9 lb)Position Right wingShot LeftPlayed for KärpätBuffalo SabresTPSNational team FinlandNHL Draft UndraftedPlaying career 1977–1991 Medal record Men's ice hockey Representing Finland Olympic Games 1988 Calgary Team Kai Petri Suikkanen (born June 2...