Olga Gzovskaya (Russian: О́льга Влади́мировна Гзо́вская; 10 October 1883 – 2 July 1962) was a Russian Empire and Soviet theater and film actress.
Life
Gzovskaya was born to a family of a Moscow customs official[1] of Polish origin.[citation needed] In 1905, she graduated from the Imperial Drama School at the Maly Theatre,[2] having studied under Aleksandr Pavlovich Lensky.[3] On 1 September 1905 she joined the Maly Theatre troupe, with the first role of Ariel in "The Tempest" by William Shakespeare, that October.[1] From 1905 to 1908, she appeared at the Maly Theatre.[3] In 1907, she met Konstantin Stanislavski at a summer resort and began taking private acting lessons from him.[2] During their classes Stanislavski commented to Gzovskaya that she should perform at the Moscow Art Theatre, which she took as an offer of employment and quit the Maly. As the board had not been consulted, the engagement by the Moscow Art Theatre became contentious and she was forced to tour throughout Russia during the 2008-2009 season.[4] Her employment was also complicated because her fiancé Vladimir Nelidov [ru], who was working at the Maly, was trying to become the manager of the Moscow Art Theatre, but the theater did not trust his reputation.[5] In July 1908, she and Nelidov married.[1]
Gzovskaya returned to the Maly for the 1909-1910 season, but in 1910, she moved to the Moscow Art Theatre.[3] In 1912, she performed a series of engagements in Prague,[6] but was primarily engaged until 1917 at the Moscow Art Theater. Between 1917 and 1919 Gzovskaya returned to the Maly.[3] When Gzovskaya left the Moscow Art Theatre, she severed her studies with Stanislavski, though she tried to promote use of his method in other companies.[7] In 1919, she taught at the studio and toured with the Chialiapin Studio and Opera Studio of the Bolshoi Theatre.[3]
German postcard by Ross-Verlag, no. 937/2, 1925-1926. Vladimir Gajdarov and Gzovskaya in Schuld und Sühne, an adaptation of Dostojevsky's Crime and Punishment (Raskolnikov).
In November 1920, together with her husband, actor Vladimir Gajdarov[clarification needed] and a few other artists she went abroad. It happened so unexpectedly that none of the actors were ready to leave. They toured in Ukraine, but the Russian Civil War in 1919, cut them off from Moscow. People were trying to survive, gradually they were joined by other Moscow artists who also found themselves cut off as in other parts of the country, including several actors of the Sinelnikov troupe.[citation needed] As a result, there was quite a large group of well-known theater figures, which included, in addition to Gzovskaya and Gaydarov, Alla Tarasova, Vasily Kachalov, his wife Nina Litovtseva, Olga Knipper, M.N. Nablotskaya, her husband actor Putyata, Nikolai Massalitinov, Yury Rakitin, Vladimir Zhedrinsky, M.A. Kryzhanovskaya, Maria Germanova, E.N. Roshchin-Insarov, Peter F. Sharov and many others. They decided to stay together. Katchalov and LItovtseva's son, Vadim Shverubovich, wrote about this episode in the history of the Moscow Art Theater and in the lives of his parents.[citation needed]
Gzovskaya worked in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, where, together with her husband she organized a studio.[citation needed] But they failed to maintain it. At the Berlin City Opera in 1926 Gzovskaya performed "Queen of Spades" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. On her return in 1932 to the USSR, she worked in concert organizations in Moscow. In November 1934 she moved to Leningrad, where she continued in concert and presented a few literary compositions. In 1939, she arrived in Leningrad's Leninsky Komsomol Theatre. At the outbreak of World War II she was evacuated to Novosibirsk, where she continued her theatrical work, staged "Tyrant" by Goldoni and "Little House in Cherkizovo" by Aleksei Arbuzov. From March 1943 to 1956 she worked for the Alexandrinsky Theatre. In addition, she led the amateur clubs House of Scientists, Club of Seamen, and others.[citation needed]
Тимофеева, Ирина, ed. (5 June 2012). "Гзовская Ольга Владимировна". Kino Teatr (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Кино Театр. Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
