North Shore (New Zealand electorate)

This article is about the New Zealand electorate. For the New South Wales state electorate, see Electoral district of North Shore.
North Shore
Single-member constituency
for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Outline map
Location of North Shore within Auckland
RegionAuckland
Current constituency
Current MPSimon Watts
PartyNational

North Shore is a parliamentary electorate that returns one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for North Shore is Simon Watts of the National Party,[1] who at the 2020 election was elected to succeed the retiring Maggie Barry, also of National.[2]

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including North Shore.[3]

The boundaries of the North Shore electorate were last adjusted for the first election held using the mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system in 1996, when the number of general electorates decreased from 95 (1993) to 60 (1996), and the electorate expanded to the north into an area previously belonging to East Coast Bays. No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent redistributions in 2002,[4] 2007,[5] and 2013/14.[6]

North Shore stretches up the eastern coast of North Shore City in Auckland, starting in the south at Devonport and moving northwards to take in Lake Pupuke and the suburbs of Takapuna and Campbells Bay. North Shore is predominantly New Zealand European, and has an average income high above the national average, boasting some of the most expensive real estate in the country.

History

The seat has been contested at every election in New Zealand since 1946, and except for a single victory by future Labour Attorney-General Martyn Finlay in its first contest, has been safely held by the National Party ever since.

Wayne Mapp held the electorate from 1996 until his retirement in 2011.[7] He was succeeded by Maggie Barry, who won the 2011 and 2014 elections.[8][9]

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and started at general elections.

Key

  Labour   National   United NZ   NZ First   Mauri Pacific   ACT

Election Winner
1946 election Martyn Finlay
1949 election Dean Eyre
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election George Gair
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election Bruce Cliffe
1993 election
1996 election Wayne Mapp
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election Maggie Barry
2014 election
2017 election
2020 election Simon Watts
2023 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the North Shore electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1996 election Ann Batten
Derek Quigley
1999 election Helen Duncan
2002 election
Deborah Coddington
Barbara Stewart
2008 election John Boscawen
Phil Twyford
2011 election Andrew Williams

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: North Shore[10]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Simon Watts 24,892 60.76 +14.57 21,050 50.79 +16.74
Labour George Hampton 8,562 20.90 7,318 17.65 -23.70
Green Pat Baskett 3,663 8.94 4,851 11.70 +3.36
ACT Anna Yallop 2,061 5.03 4,540 10.95 +1.09
Opportunities Abe Gray 1,229 3.00 1,604 3.87 +1.97
NZ First   1,055 2.54 +0.64
Te Pāti Māori   209 0.50 +0.25
NZ Loyal   207 0.49
NewZeal   133 0.32 +0.24
Legalise Cannabis   111 0.26 +0.10
Freedoms NZ   53 0.12
New Conservatives   53 0.12 -1.09
Animal Justice   48 0.11
Women's Rights   42 0.10
DemocracyNZ   35 0.08
New Nation   24 0.05
Leighton Baker Party   7 0.01
Informal votes 559 100
Total valid votes 40,966 41,440
National hold Majority 16,330 39.86

2020 election

2020 general election: North Shore[11]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Simon Watts 19,202 46.19 -13.55 14,411 34.05 -23.65
Labour Romy Udanga 15,468 37.21 +9.71 17,498 41.35 +15.33
Green Liz Rawlings 2,595 6.24 3,530 8.34 +1.73
ACT Nick Kearney 1,596 3.84 +2.27 4,172 9.86 +8.92
Opportunities Shai Navot 1,493 3.59 -0.56 806 1.90 -0.49
New Conservative Mike Brewer 791 1.90 511 1.21 +0.99
Advance NZ Megan Elspeth Osborn 201 0.48 230 0.54 +0.50
Outdoors Sue Dick 138 0.33 26 0.06 +0.02
Sustainable NZ Mari Huusko 87 0.21 38 0.09
NZ First   802 1.90 −3.35
Māori Party   104 0.25 −0.01
TEA   80 0.19
Legalise Cannabis   66 0.16 −0.02
ONE   32 0.08
Vision NZ   7 0.02
Social Credit   5 0.01 −0.02
Heartland   1 0.00
Informal votes 663 178
Total valid votes 41,571 42,319
Turnout 42,617 83.01[12] +2.50
National hold Majority 3,734 8.98 −23.26

2017 election

2017 general election: North Shore[13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Maggie Barry 23,564 59.74 -2.73 23,009 57.70 -3.88
Labour Romy Udanga 10,848 27.50 +8.38 10,375 26.02 +11.84
NZ First Josh Hubbard 2,108 5.34 — 2,097 5.25 −0.57
Opportunities Matt Isbister 1,639 4.15 — 953 2.39 —
ACT Nick Kearney 621 1.57 +0.06 372 0.94 −0.47
Logic Party Miriam Clements 166 0.43 —
Green   2,638 6.61 −4.06
Māori Party   103 0.26 −0.19
Conservative   86 0.22 −4.12
Legalise Cannabis   69 0.18 −0.09
United Future   22 0.06 −0.19
Outdoors   14 0.04 —
People's Party   13 0.04 —
Ban 1080   11 0.03 ±0.00
Democrats   10 0.03 −0.06
Internet   9 0.03 −0.62
Mana   7 0.02 −0.63
Informal votes 493 83
Total valid votes 39,439 39,871
Turnout 40,136 80.51[14] +1.46
National hold Majority 12,716 32.24 −11.10

2014 election

2014 general election: North Shore[9]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Maggie Barry 23,783 62.47 +0.03 23,762 61.58 -0.58
Labour Claire Szabó 7,280 19.12 -1.45 5,473 14.18 -2.05
Green Brett Stansfield 3,728 9.79 +2.09 4,118 10.67 -0.18
Conservative Melissa Perkin 2,199 5.78 +3.29 1,673 4.34 +2.11
ACT Nick Kearney 575 1.51 -2.05 545 1.41 -0.51
Democrats Tim Leitch 97 0.25 +0.25 34 0.09 +0.06
NZ First   2,246 5.82 +0.96
Internet Mana   250 0.65 +0.48[a]
Maori Party   174 0.45 -0.15
Legalise Cannabis   103 0.27 -0.06
United Future   98 0.25 -0.23
Ban 1080   13 0.03 +0.03
Civilian   12 0.03 +0.03
Independent Coalition   4 0.01 +0.01
Focus   2 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 412 78
Total valid votes 38,074 38,585
Turnout 38,585 78.49 +3.00
National hold Majority 16,503 43.34 +1.47

2011 election

2011 general election: North Shore[8]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Maggie Barry 22,709 62.44 +0.59 23,113 62.16 +4.10
Labour Ben Clark 7,481 20.57 -3.44 6,036 16.23 -5.17
Green Pieter Watson 2,802 7.70 +1.50 4,035 10.85 +4.24
ACT Don Brash 1,293 3.56 -0.41 714 1.92 -5.55
Conservative Craig Jensen 904 2.49 +2.49 829 2.23 +2.23
NZ First Andrew Williams 900 2.47 +0.89 1,806 4.86 +1.92
United Future Damian Light 173 0.48 -0.20 179 0.48 -0.46
Libertarianz Michael Murphy 108 0.30 +0.05 41 0.11 +0.03
Maori Party   223 0.60 +0.002
Legalise Cannabis   123 0.33 +0.07
Mana   62 0.17 +0.17
Democrats   12 0.03 +0.01
Alliance   8 0.02 -0.04
Informal votes 592 174
Total valid votes 36,370 36,962
National hold Majority 15,228 41.87 +4.03

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 48,963[15]

2008 election

2008 general election: North Shore[16]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Wayne Mapp 23,824 61.85 22,738 58.06
Labour Phil Twyford 9,250 24.01 8,381 21.40
Green Pieter Watson 2,389 6.20 2,590 6.61
ACT John Boscawen 1,528 3.97 2,927 7.47
NZ First Joe Gregory 612 1.59 1,149 2.93
Family Party Louise Cleary 514 1.33 176 0.45
United Future Damian Light 261 0.68 370 0.94
Libertarianz Michael Murphy 94 0.24 33 0.08
RAM Stephen Cooper 47 0.12 13 0.03
Maori Party   234 0.60
Progressive   165 0.42
Bill and Ben   139 0.35
Legalise Cannabis   104 0.27
Kiwi   83 0.21
Alliance   24 0.06
Pacific   13 0.03
Workers Party   10 0.03
Democrats   9 0.02
RONZ   4 0.01
Informal votes 268 102
Total valid votes 38,519 39,162
National hold Majority 14,574 37.84


2005 election

2005 general election: North Shore[17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Wayne Mapp 21,975 59.56 +15.58 20,125 53.49 +26.06
Labour Phil Twyford 12,274 33.26 +4.16 11,252 29.91 -1.36
United Future Ross Tizard 865 2.34 -1.54 807 2.14 -4.81
ACT Nick Kearney 835 2.26 -6.55 1,144 3.04 -11.09
Progressive Paula Gillon 544 1.47 +0.61 261 0.69 -0.36
Maori Party Raewyn Harrison 265 0.72 106 0.28
Libertarianz Michael Murphy 140 0.38 21 0.06
Green   1,940 5.16 -1.28
NZ First   1,683 4.47 -5.70
Destiny   120 0.32
Legalise Cannabis   55 0.15 -0.17
Christian Heritage   53 0.14 -0.70
One NZ   13 0.03 -0.02
99 MP   11 0.03
Alliance   10 0.03 -0.78
Direct Democracy   10 0.03
Family Rights   6 0.02
Democrats   5 0.01
RONZ   1 0.003
Informal votes 430 90
Total valid votes 36,898 37,623
National hold Majority 9,701 26.30 +11.42

2002 election

2002 general election: North Shore[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Wayne Mapp 15,060 43.35 9,507 27.37
Labour Helen Duncan 9.970 28.70 10,841 31.21
United Future Ross Tizard 1,329 3.83 2,408 6.93
ACT Deborah Coddington 3,018 8.69 4,897 14.04
Jim Anderton's Progressive Coalition Lyndsay Brock 296 0.08 363 0.10
Green Richard A. Green 1,913 5.51 2,234 6.43
NZ First Babara Stewart 2,013 5.80 3,525 10.14
Christian Heritage Mark Munroe 370 0.12 292 0.08
Alliance {{{candidate}}} 287 0.08 282 0.08
Legalise Cannabis   112 0.03
Informal votes 295 75
Total valid votes 34,559 34,739
National hold Majority 5,098

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#North Shore for a list of candidates.

1996 election

1996 general election: North Shore[19][20][21]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Wayne Mapp 15,763 43.48 15,612 42.89
ACT Derek Quigley 5,415 14.94 5,015 13.78
Alliance Joel Cayford 4,897 13.51 -10.86 2,125 5.84
Labour Perry Cameron 4,375 12.07 7,518 20.65
NZ First Ann Batten 4,165 11.49 3,547 9.74
Christian Coalition Julie Belding 780 2.15 1,181 3.24
Progressive Green Cassandra Doherty 313 0.86 103 0.28
McGillicuddy Serious Felix Clark 263 0.73 87 0.24
Green Society Bradley Heising 109 0.30 50 0.14
Superannuitants & Youth Trevor Gilligan 88 0.24 41 0.11
Natural Law Gail Pianta 84 0.23 43 0.12
United NZ   476 1.31
Legalise Cannabis   456 1.25
Ethnic Minority Party 71 0.20
Animals First   50 0.14
Conservatives   11 0.03
Libertarianz   11 0.03
Asia Pacific United 4 0.01
Mana Māori   3 0.01
Advance New Zealand 0 0.00
Te Tawharau 0 0.00
Informal votes 225 73
Total valid votes 36,252 36,404
National gain from United NZ Majority 10,348 28.54

1993 election

1993 general election: North Shore[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Bruce Cliffe 10,168 45.50 −8.74
Alliance Joel Cayford 5,445 24.37
Labour Carl Harding 4,132 18.49
NZ First Richard Stevens 1,851 8.28
Christian Heritage Mary-Anne Gladwell 341 1.52
McGillicuddy Serious Barry Bryant 288 1.28
Natural Law Gail Pianta 118 0.52
Majority 4,723 21.13 −6.95
Turnout 22,343 86.67 +0.06
Registered electors 25,778

1990 election

1990 general election: North Shore[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Bruce Cliffe 11,944 54.24
Labour Graeme Ransom 5,761 26.16 −19.22
Green Tony Dunlop 2,943 13.36
NewLabour Barry Kirker 882 4.00
Democrats Sandra Ann Ewan-Willis 197 0.89
McGillicuddy Serious Simon Holroyd 168 0.76
Independent Blanche Victoria Holloway 124 0.56
Majority 6,183 28.08
Turnout 22,019 86.61 −0.88
Registered electors 25,422

1987 election

1987 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 10,589 48.62 +1.71
Labour Graeme Ransom 9,883 45.38
Democrats F Holmes 861 3.95
NZ Party Stephen Greenfield 445 2.04
Majority 920 4.22 −11.55
Turnout 21,778 87.49 −4.55
Registered electors 24,891

1984 election

1984 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 11,034 46.91 −1.21
Labour Peter Harris 7,324 31.13
NZ Party Reg Davies 3,737 15.88
Social Credit Dick Ryan 1,371 5.82 −16.28
Independent Malcolm Moses 54 0.22
Majority 3,710 15.77 −2.58
Turnout 23,520 92.04 +2.42
Registered electors 25,553

1981 election

1981 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 10,407 48.12 −2.76
Labour Peter Chambers 6,438 29.77
Social Credit Dick Ryan 4,779 22.10
Majority 3,969 18.35 −4.51
Turnout 21,624 89.62 +23.84
Registered electors 24,128

1978 election

1978 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 10,351 50.88 −5.37
Labour Gene Anthony Thomas Leckey 5,701 28.02
Social Credit Ian Fraser 3,485 17.13
Values Virginia Horrocks 803 3.94
Majority 4,650 22.86 −3.48
Turnout 20,340 65.78 −15.27
Registered electors 30,921

1975 election

1975 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 11,202 56.25 +4.69
Labour Wyn Hoadley 5,955 29.90
Values Don Donnelly 1,581 7.93
Social Credit Ron Barnett 1,153 5.79 −1.39
Socialist Unity Morris Mennell 22 0.11
Majority 5,247 26.34 +14.18
Turnout 19,913 81.05 −8.72
Registered electors 24,568

1972 election

1972 general election: North Shore[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 9,665 51.56 −5.69
Labour Colin Chiles 6,844 36.51
Social Credit Ron Barnett 1,346 7.18 +1.25
Values S A W Brydon 816 4.35
New Democratic P B Smith 74 0.39
Majority 2,281 12.16 −9.26
Turnout 18,745 89.77 −0.29
Registered electors 20,880

1969 election

1969 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 10,595 57.25 +8.18
Labour Donald Frederick Dugdale 6,631 35.83
Social Credit Ron Barnett 1,098 5.93
Independent Odette Vivienne Leather 180 0.97
Majority 3,964 21.42 +14.83
Turnout 18,504 90.06 +3.94
Registered electors 20,545

1966 election

1966 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National George Gair 8,240 49.07
Labour Michael Bassett 7,132 42.47
Social Credit Eva Hill 1,418 8.44 +3.96
Majority 1,108 6.59
Turnout 16,790 86.12 −4.89
Registered electors 19,494

1963 election

1963 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 9,301 55.25 +1.27
Labour Reginald Keeling 6,544 38.87
Social Credit Eva Hill 755 4.48
Liberal J E Pasley 234 1.39
Majority 2,757 16.37 +5.13
Turnout 16,834 91.01 +0.09
Registered electors 18,495

1960 election

1960 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 8,727 53.98 +4.66
Labour Peter Lawrence Smith 6,910 42.74 −3.78
Social Credit Arthur Richards 431 2.66 −0.64
Independent Blanche Victoria Holloway 97 0.60 −0.25
Majority 1,817 11.24 +8.44
Turnout 16,165 90.92 −3.52
Registered electors 17,778

1957 election

1957 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 8,122 49.32 −3.09
Labour Peter Lawrence Smith 7,660 46.52
Social Credit Arthur Richards 544 3.30
Independent Blanche Victoria Holloway 140 0.85
Majority 462 2.80 −6.99
Turnout 16,466 94.44 +3.90
Registered electors 17,434

1954 election

1954 general election: North Shore[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 7,463 52.41 −5.02
Labour Arthur Faulkner 6,068 42.61
Social Credit Frank Procter 707 4.96
Majority 1,395 9.79 −5.07
Turnout 14,238 90.54 −0.53
Registered electors 15,725

1951 election

1951 general election: North Shore[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 8,328 57.43 +2.74
Labour Richard Wrathall 6,173 42.56
Majority 2,155 14.86 +5.48
Turnout 14,501 91.07 −4.00
Registered electors 15,922

1949 election

1949 general election: North Shore[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Dean Eyre 7,835 54.69
Labour Martyn Finlay 6,491 45.31 −5.56
Majority 1,344 9.38
Turnout 14,326 95.07 +0.86
Registered electors 15,068

1946 election

1946 general election: North Shore[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Martyn Finlay 7,015 50.87
National Henry Thorne Morton 6,776 49.13
Majority 239 1.73
Turnout 13,791 95.93
Registered electors 14,375

Table footnotes

  1. ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

  1. ^ "Simon Watts". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  2. ^ "National MP Maggie Barry announces retirement at 2020 election". Stuff. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  3. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
  4. ^ "Electorate Profile: North Shore" (PDF). New Zealand Parliament. Parliamentary Library. October 2005. p. 3. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  5. ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  6. ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  7. ^ Willis, Liz (15 December 2010). "National MP Wayne Mapp to retire". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  8. ^ a b "Official Count Results – North Shore (2011)". Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Official Count Results – North Shore (2014)". Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  10. ^ "North Shore - Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  11. ^ "North Shore – Official Results". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Electorate Candidate Votes and Turnout by Electorate". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Official Count Results – North Shore". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  15. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  16. ^ 2008 election results
  17. ^ 2005 election results
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – North Shore, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  20. ^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  21. ^ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  22. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 71.
  23. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 75.
  24. ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, p. 292.
  25. ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, p. 291.
  26. ^ "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  27. ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  28. ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

References

  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.

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