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Most Reverend

Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros
Most Reverend; Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros
Archbishop of Lima
Church	Catholic Church
Diocese	Archbishop of Lima
Predecessor	Juan de Almoguera
Successor	Antonio de Zuloaga
Previous post(s)	Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1672–1675); Bishop of Popayán (1667–1672); Bishop of Santa Marta (1664–1668)
Orders
Consecration	1665; by Antonio Sanz Lozano
Personal details
Born	December 19, 1629; Madrid, Spain
Died	June 28, 1708
Nationality	Spanish

Melchor Liñán y Cisneros (sometimes Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros) (December 19, 1629, Madrid – June 28, 1708, Lima, Peru) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1677–1708), Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1672–1675), Bishop of Popayán (1667–1672), and Bishop of Santa Marta (1664–1668).^[1] He also served as Viceroy of Peru from July 7, 1678, to November 20, 1681.^[1]

Biography

Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros was born in Madrid, Spain.^[2] He studied theology in the University of Alcalá de Henares, where he took his doctorate. Thereafter he was chaplain in Buitrago. He was also calificador (censor) of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. On October 6, 1664, Pope Alexander VII, appointed him Bishop of Santa Marta.^[2] In 1665, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Sanz Lozano, Bishop of Cartagena.^[2] On January 26, 1668, Pope Clement IX, appointed him Bishop of Popayán.^[2]

In 1671, he was sent as visitador (inspector) to Nuevo Reino de Granada in what is now Colombia because of the inaction of Diego de Villalba y Toledo, president of the Audiencia. He replaced Villabla in that position on June 2, 1671. At the same time he served as interim governor and captain general of Nuevo Reino de Granada. On February 8, 1672, Pope Clement X, appointed him Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas.^[2] On June 14, 1677, Pope Innocent XI appointed him Archbishop of Lima.^[2] On July 7, 1678, he was appointed viceroy of Peru serving until November 20, 1681. As viceroy, he improved the fortifications of the port of Callao to defend against attacks by Dutch filibusters. He repressed rebellions of the clergy, who were opposed to the nomination of prelates from Spain—the Franciscans in Cuzco and the Dominicans in Quito.^{[citation needed]}

On the death of the Peruvian astronomer Doctor Francisco Ruiz Lozano, Viceroy Liñán y Cisneros (with the approval of the Crown) gave mathematics a permanent position in the University of San Marcos. Mathematics was attached to the chair of cosmography. Doctor Juan Ramón Koening, a Belgian by birth, was named to the chair.^[2]

As a reward for his services, the Spanish Crown granted Liñán y Cisneros the title of conde de la Puebla de los Valles. He wrote Ofensa y defensa de la libertad eclesiástica (Offense and Defence of Ecclesiastical Liberty). He died in Lima in 1708.^{[citation needed]}

Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of:^[2]

References

^ Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA MEDII ET RECENTIORIS AEVI Vol V. Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. pp. 244, 317, and 320. (in Latin)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Cheney, David M. "Archbishop Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. ^{[self-published]}

External links and additional sources

(in Spanish) Short biography
Cheney, David M. "Diocese of Santa Marta". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Chow, Gabriel. "Metropolitan Diocese of Santa Marta (Colombia)". GCatholic.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Cheney, David M. "Diocese of Popayán". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Chow, Gabriel. "Metropolitan Diocese of Popayán (Colombia)". GCatholic.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Cheney, David M. "Archdiocese of Sucre". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Chow, Gabriel. "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sucre (Bolivia)". GCatholic.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Cheney, David M. "Archdiocese of Lima". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}
Chow, Gabriel. "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lima (Peru)". GCatholic.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) ^{[self-published]}

Government offices
Preceded by Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez	Viceroy of Peru 1678–1681	Succeeded by Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Francisco de la Trinidad Arrieta	Bishop of Santa Marta 1664–1668	Succeeded by Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita
Preceded by Vasco Jacinto de Contreras y Valverde	Bishop of Popayán 1667–1672	Succeeded by Cristóbal Bernardo de Quiros
Preceded by Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes	Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas 1672–1675	Succeeded by Cristóbal de Castilla y Zamora
Preceded by Juan de Almoguera	Archbishop of Lima 1677–1708	Succeeded by Antonio de Zuloagas