Macrozamia

Burrawang
Macrozamia communis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Cycadophyta
Class:	Cycadopsida
Order:	Cycadales
Family:	Zamiaceae
Subfamily:	Encephalartoideae
Tribe:	Encephalarteae
Subtribe:	Macrozamiinae
Genus:	Macrozamia Miq.
Type species
Macrozamia spiralis (Salisbury) Miquel

Macrozamia is a genus of around forty cycad species endemic to Australia. Many parts of the plant have been utilised for food and material, most of which is toxic if not processed correctly.^{[not in body]}

Description

A genus of cycads with partially submerged bole or tree, small to medium height, bearing a crown of palm-like fronds. The dioecious plants bear large cones, becoming even larger when ripening on the female, containing reproductive parts of great size.

• 
  Macrozamia fraseri cone
• 
  MacDonnell Ranges cycad (M. macdonnellii) in Cycad Gorge, Finke Gorge National Park, NT

Taxonomy

The first description of the genus was published in 1842 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in his Monographia Cycadearum, without designating a type.^[1]

The common name "burrawang",^[2] originally referring to M. communis in the Daruk Australian Aboriginal language,^{[citation needed]} is often used for all the species in the genus. Informal names published in state listing for the genus include 'rickets' (Bailey, 1931) in Queensland, a name also used in Western Australia for the symptoms of ingestion of species by cattle, and terms zamia, zamia palm, burrawang palm (Ross, 1989) and djeeri (Hopper, 2014) continued to be noted by New South Wales, QLD and W.A. authors in specific and generic usages.^[3][4]

Phylogeny of Macrozamia[5][6]

M. lucida Johnson M. moorei von Mueller M. elegans Hill & Jones M. diplomera (von Mueller 1866) Johnson M. dyeri (von Mueller 1885) Gardner M. flexuosa Moore M. mountperriensis Bailey M. glaucophylla Jones M. communis Johnson M. polymorpha Jones

Species

Image	Scientific name	Distribution
	Macrozamia cardiacensis	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia communis	east coast of New South Wales
	Macrozamia concinna	New South Wales
	Macrozamia conferta	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia cranei	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia crassifolia	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia denisonii	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia diplomera	New South Wales
	Macrozamia douglasii	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia dyeri	southern coast of Western Australia
	Macrozamia elegans	New South Wales
	Macrozamia fawcettii	New South Wales
	Macrozamia fearnsidei	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia flexuosa	New South Wales
	Macrozamia fraseri	southwestern Western Australia
	Macrozamia glaucophylla	New South Wales
	Macrozamia heteromera	New South Wales
	Macrozamia humilis	New South Wales
	Macrozamia johnsonii	New South Wales
	Macrozamia lomandroides	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia longispina	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia lucida	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia macdonnellii	Macdonnell Ranges, Northern Territory
	Macrozamia machinii	Queensland
	Macrozamia macleayi	Queensland
	Macrozamia miquelii	southeast and central Queensland
	Macrozamia montana	New South Wales
	Macrozamia moorei	southeast and central Queensland
	Macrozamia mountperriensis	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia occidua	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia parcifolia	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi	southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
	Macrozamia platyrhachis	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia plurinervia	southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
	Macrozamia polymorpha	New South Wales
	Macrozamia reducta	New South Wales
	Macrozamia riedlei	southwestern Western Australia
	Macrozamia secunda	New South Wales
	Macrozamia serpentina	southeast Queensland
	Macrozamia spiralis	New South Wales
	Macrozamia stenomera	New South Wales
	Macrozamia viridis	southeast Queensland

Distribution

The greatest diversity of species occurs in eastern Australia, in southeast Queensland and New South Wales, with one species in the Macdonnell Ranges of Northern Territory and three in the southwest region of Australia.^[7][8]

References

1. "Macrozamia Miq". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
2. APNI, citing Johnson, L.A.S. (1961), Zamiaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 23-41
3. Hopper, S.; Lambers, H. (2014), "9. Human relationships with and use of Kwongan plants and lands", in Lambers, Hans (ed.), Plant life on the sandplains in southwest Australia : a global biodiversity hotspot : kwongan matters, Crawley, Western Australia UWA Publishing, pp. 287–90, ISBN 978-1-74258-564-2
4. APNI cite: Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 513
5. Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.03.13.435279. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.
6. Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021), main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre, Figshare, doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1
7. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
8. Orchard, A.E. & McCarthy, P.M. (eds.) (1998). Flora of Australia 48: 1-766. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

• Johnson, L.A.S. (29 July 1959). "The Families of Cycads and the Zamiaceae of Australia". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 84 (389): 64–117.
• "Macrozamia". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

External links

• Media related to Macrozamia at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Macrozamia at Wikispecies
• Hill, Ken. "Macrozamia". The Cycad Pages. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. Archived from the original on 2005-08-27.
• "About Macrozamia communis". Farrer Centre, Charles Sturt University. Archived from the original on 1999-10-12.
• "Primitive plants have hot, stinky sex". Reuters. 4 October 2007. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013.
• "Macrozamia Miq". Atlas of Living Australia.