Louis Henry Saban (October 13, 1921 – March 29, 2009) was an American football player and coach. He played for Indiana University in college and as a professional for the Cleveland Browns of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) between 1946 and 1949. Saban then began a long coaching career. After numerous jobs at the college level, he became the first coach of the Boston Patriots in the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. He joined the Buffalo Bills two years later, and led the team to consecutive AFL championships in 1964 and 1965. Saban was the first head coach to win multiple AFL championships, with only Hank Stram passing him. After serving briefly as head coach at the University of Maryland, he was hired as head coach of the Denver Broncos in 1967, where he remained for five years. Saban returned to the Bills—by then in the National Football League (NFL) following the AFL–NFL merger—from 1972 to 1976, reaching the playoffs once but failing to bring Buffalo another championship.
Following his departure from Buffalo, Saban returned to college coaching. He coached teams including the University of Miami, Army, University of Central Florida and Peru State College. He also coached at the high school level and for two Arena Football League teams. Saban switched jobs frequently and developed a reputation as an itinerant. At Central Florida, he was nicknamed Lou "two point two" Saban because he typically stayed in a coaching job for about 2.2 years. Saban initially dismissed this characterization, but came to accept it later in life. He held 21 coaching jobs during his 50-year career (lasting an average of 2.38 years for each job), which ended with a job at Chowan University in North Carolina between 2001 and 2002. Saban's combined record as a coach in the AFL and NFL was 95–99–7. His college football record was 94–99–4. Saban suffered from heart problems and had a fall in his home that required hospitalization in 2009. He died in March of that year.
Playing career
High school and college
Saban was the son of immigrants from Croatia and grew up near La Grange, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.[1] His first job, at age nine, was as a caddy for Al Capone's brother Ralph at a Chicago golf course.[2] He was the brother of John Saban.[3][4] He attended Lyons Township High School and joined the school's football team. A runner and passer, he led his high school's athletic conference in scoring as a senior and was named an all-state and all-conference halfback.[5]
Saban's high school coach was an Indiana University alumnus and convinced him to enroll there.[5] Saban played for the Indiana Hoosiers football team starting in 1940.[6][7] He was used as a quarterback in 1941, his sophomore year.[8] He also played as a linebacker and a placekicker.[8][9][10] Saban was named to the Associated PressAll-Big Ten second team as a quarterback in 1942.[11] He was the captain of Indiana's 1942 team and was selected as its most valuable player.[5] Saban was also a standout shot putter, winning a Big Ten Conference competition at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1943 with a throw of 48 feet and 11 1/2 inches.[12]
Saban was selected in the 10th round of the 1944 NFL draft by Card-Pitt, a temporary merger between the Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers made necessary after the teams were gutted by players' military service.[17] Saban, however, did not sign with Card-Pitt, and instead joined the Cleveland Browns, a team under formation in the new All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and coached by Paul Brown.[18] Brown said Saban would be used exclusively on defense as a linebacker and as a kicker of extra points.[19] Saban was one of the first arrivals at the Browns' training camp in Bowling Green, Ohio, having left China just three weeks before.[16]
Despite Brown's intentions, Saban was used occasionally on the Browns' offense in 1946.[5] He caught a 44-yard pass from quarterback Otto Graham in a September game against the Buffalo Bisons.[5] He was mainly used as a linebacker, however, and had four interceptions as the Browns won the first AAFC championship.[20] In the offseason, he worked for Browns owner Mickey McBride's Yellow Cab Company; many of his teammates spent the offseason either at college making up for time lost to the war or taking jobs to supplement their football incomes.[21]
Saban was named the Browns' captain in 1946 after Jim Daniell, the first team captain, was arrested in a scuffle with Cleveland police and was kicked off the team at the end of the season.[22] The following year, he filled in to kick extra points when the team's regular placekicker, Lou Groza, was injured.[23] The Browns amassed a 12–1–1 regular-season record in 1947 and won the AAFC championship for the second time in a row.[24]
Never having finished his degree at Indiana, Saban enrolled that summer at Baldwin Wallace University in Berea, Ohio.[25] After the 1948 season, in which Cleveland won all of its games and a third championship, Saban was named to two news outlets' all-AAFC teams.[26] Saban came into his own as a linebacker in 1948. "Saban has been regarded as the best in football at his position for two years", Brown said in November. "If anything, he's even better this year. He has improved on covering pass receivers."[27] He was a unanimous all-AAFC selection in 1949, when the Browns won their fourth AAFC championship in a row.[28] Saban announced his retirement before the championship game and said in December that he was seeking the head coaching job at the Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland before its merger with the Western Reserve University forming the Case Western Reserve University.[29]
Coaching career
College
Saban beat more than 50 applicants to win the head coaching job at Case in February 1950, thanks to what the university's president called his "unusually sound knowledge of football" and his "leadership qualities".[30] Saban "possesses the sort of personality and character that is of great value in work with young men", the president said.[30] Saban was 28 years old at the time, and the appointment made him one of the youngest college head coaches in the country.[30] Saban borrowed coaching techniques from Brown, alongside his version of the T formation offense.[30]
Saban's team finished the 1950 season with four wins and four losses.[31] By 1951, he was already under consideration for coaching jobs at bigger schools, including Indiana University and Toledo University, where he was mentioned as a "dark horse" candidate to replace former Browns teammate Don Greenwood.[32] His Case teams compiled a 10–14–1 record during his tenure as head coach from 1950 to 1952.[33] Saban resigned in March 1953 to become an assistant at the University of Washington under head coach John Cherberg.[33] He spent just one year at Washington before getting a job as an assistant coach at Northwestern University, saying he wanted to return to the Midwest.[34]
In February 1955, Saban was promoted to head coach at Northwestern, succeeding Bob Voigts and becoming the youngest coach in the Big Ten Conference at 33 years old.[35] Saban hired George Steinbrenner as one of his assistant coaches.[36] Saban's tenure as coach of the Northwestern Wildcats football team, however, was brief and unsuccessful. Hampered by injuries, the team lost all of its games in 1955, and calls intensified for Saban's firing as the season wore on.[37] In December, Saban and his entire staff were fired by new athletic director Stu Holcomb.[38]Ara Parseghian was named as his replacement.[39]
Saban moved on to a job as head coach at Western Illinois University in 1957, where he quickly built up a successful team.[40] The Western Illinois Leathernecks finished with a record of 6–1–1 in 1958, followed by an undefeated 9–0 season in 1959, when Saban also served as an assistant under Otto Graham in the College All-Star Game.[40][41] Having built up a 20–5–1 record over three seasons as coach, Saban drew interest from the professional ranks, and the Boston Patriots of the newly formed American Football League (AFL) hired him as head coach before the circuit's inaugural season in 1960.[40][42]
Professional
Led by quarterback Butch Songin, Saban's Patriots posted a 5–9 record in their first season.[43] The following April, Saban brought in quarterback Babe Parilli, who formerly played for the Browns and Green Bay Packers, as a backup in the AFL's biggest-ever trade at the time.[44] Five games into the 1961 season, however, with the Patriots at 2–3, Saban was fired and replaced by assistant Mike Holovak.[45] Patriots owner Billy Sullivan said the decision was made by a majority vote of the team's board of directors, who "just simply felt all the talent on our team had not been used and felt Mike was the man who would be able to use the talent we had to the extent that it is capable of performing."[46]
In January 1962, Saban was named the coach of the Buffalo Bills, another AFL team, signing a one-year contract worth $20,000 ($201,000 in 2023 dollars).[47] The Bills had a 7–6–1 record in Saban's first season and came in third in the AFL's eastern division behind the Houston Oilers and the Patriots.[48]Cookie Gilchrist, a running back who signed with the Bills after nine years in the Canadian Football League, won most valuable player honors that year and recorded the AFL's first 1,000-yard rushing season.[49] Saban also acquired Jack Kemp, a quarterback, from the San Diego Chargers, who had put him out on waivers while he recovered from a finger injury.[50] Sportswriter Randy Schultz called it one of the biggest bargains in professional football history.[51]
The Bills posted a 7–6–1 record again in 1963, but this time it was enough to tie with the Patriots for the best record in the eastern division.[52] This set up the AFL's first-ever playoff game to decide which of the teams would win the division and compete in the championship.[53] The Bills lost the game, 26–8.[52]
Helped by Gilchrist's running and quarterback Kemp's passing, the Bills finished the 1964 season with a 12–2 record and won the AFL championship.[54] The team won despite drama involving Gilchrist, who came into conflict with Saban frequently and asked to be traded on numerous occasions. The Bills released him on waivers in November 1964, but canceled the move when Gilchrist apologized.[55] After the 1964 AFL championship win over the Chargers, Saban was named the league's coach of the year.[56]
Gilchrist was traded to the Denver Broncos in February 1965, but the Bills continued to win, ending with a 10–3–1 record and winning the AFL championship for the second year in a row.[57][58] In the 1965 AFL championship game against the Chargers, when offensive linemen Billy Shaw and Dave Behrman were injured, Saban inserted veteran Ernie Warlick opposite rookie Paul Costa in a double tight end formation, which helped the Bills win the game, 23–0.[59] Saban was named coach of the year for the second time in a row, silencing critics who had said he was indecisive, did not use his players properly and was not a good play-caller.[60]
Saban unexpectedly departed in early 1966 for the University of Maryland.[61] He said he was leaving because "there can be little left to conquer in professional football".[62] His record at Buffalo was 36–17–3.[43] Saban, however, only stayed at Maryland for one season in which the team posted a 4–6 record.[63] He returned to professional football as coach of the AFL's Denver Broncos in December 1966, signing a 10-year contract with an annual salary of $50,000 ($470,000 in 2023 dollars).[63] When he joined, the Broncos had yet to have a winning season in seven years of existence.[63] He replaced Ray Malavasi, an assistant who took over after Saban's former Browns teammate, Mac Speedie, resigned from the post after the first two games of the season.[63]
Saban engineered a number of trades before the 1967 season. He brought Gilchrist to the team from Miami in a seven-player deal; Denver had sent Gilchrist to Miami the previous season.[64] He also acquired quarterback Steve Tensi from the Chargers in August for first-round draft picks in 1968 and 1969.[65] Denver won its first game, but proceeded to lose nine in a row and finish with a 3–11 record.[66] The team improved only marginally in the ensuing years, posting losing records in 1968 and 1969.[67][68] The AFL and National Football League completed their merger in 1970, but the Broncos continued to lose, posting a 5–8–1 record.[43] Saban resigned after the Broncos got off to a 2–6–1 start in 1971.[69] He said resigning was "my responsibility to the team" and what while the club made progress, "my only regret is that we have not been able to give Denver a championship".[69] Saban's record as Denver's coach was 20–42–3.[69] Although he was not successful in Denver, he was cited by team owner Gerald Phipps as bringing in the "basic organization that we have now--administrative, scouting, coaching, the whole thing."[70] Saban became well known for his intensity and occasional temper tantrums. A much-watched clip of him bemoaning to Denver line coach Whitey Dovell that "They're killin' me out there, Whitey, they're killin' me!" introduced Saban to a wider audience when it was aired by NFL Films.[71]
Saban was named head coach of the Bills for a second time in late 1971.[72] When he arrived, Buffalo was coming off a 1–13 season, although the team had players including running backO. J. Simpson, who had run for 742 yards and five touchdowns that year.[73] While the Bills had a 4–9–1 record, Simpson led the NFL in rushing yards in 1972.[74] Under Saban, Simpson continued to improve in 1973, setting a single-game rushing record with 250 yards in the season opener against the New England Patriots.[75] He surpassed the single-season rushing record later in the year with more than 2,000 yards.[76][77] Before Saban's arrival, Simpson had never rushed for more than 742 yards in a season. Simpson credited Saban with helping him reach his potential. "He saved my career", Simpson said in 1973, when he was named the NFL's most valuable player. "He promised me he'd give me the football and give me an offensive line, and he sure kept his word."[78] The Bills had a 9–5 record that year but came in second in the AFC East and missed the playoffs.[43]
Buffalo finished the 1974 season with another 9–5 record and made the playoffs as the AFC's wildcard team. The Bills, however, lost their first playoff game against the Pittsburgh Steelers and were eliminated.[79] Saban said after the game that the Steelers' offensive domination was the deciding factor. "I'm not sure how they did what they did against us, but they blew us out", he said.[79] Buffalo went on to an 8–6 season in 1975, failing to make the playoffs.[43] After the Bills got out to a 2–3 start in 1976, Saban resigned. He was reportedly angry about how Bills owner Ralph Wilson handled the re-signing of Simpson, who had demanded a trade at the beginning of the season.[80] Saban was replaced by Jim Ringo, who he had hired as an assistant in 1972.[80] Wilson held a grudge against Saban for the rest of his life after his second resignation, refusing to put Saban on the Bills' Wall of Fame because, in Wilson's words, "he quit on me twice!"[81]Walt Patulski, the Bills' first overall draft pick in 1972, also held ill will toward Saban after Buffalo, believing that Saban tried to force his personality onto Patulski and that the effort effectively ruined his career; Patulski would never speak to Saban again after their respective times in Buffalo, despite multiple opportunities to do so.[82]
Return to college ranks
Following his resignation from the Bills, Saban took a post as athletic director at the University of Cincinnati in November 1976.[83] He resigned 19 days later, however, and took a job as the head coach at the University of Miami, reportedly for a $375,000 salary ($2,010,000 today).[84][85] He had double-bypass heart surgery at the Cleveland Clinic in the summer of 1977, but recovered by the time Miami's season began later that year.[86][87] When Saban came to Miami, the football team had won just five games in the previous two seasons.[87]
Miami posted a 3–8 record in Saban's first year, but improved to 6–5 in 1978.[88] Saban instituted an extensive recruiting network to rebuild Miami's program, and was named the school's athletic director in early 1978.[89] One of his recruits was quarterback Jim Kelly, who starred at Miami and went on to a Pro Football Hall of Fame career with the Bills.[90]
Despite Miami's improvement in 1978, Saban departed the school amid controversy. That April, three freshman Miami players attacked a 22-year-old Jewish man wearing a yarmulke who was walking to religious services on campus.[91] They threw the man, who worked at a campus gathering place for UM's Jewish community, into Lake Osceola at the center of campus.[91] When Saban returned to campus a few days later, he was unaware the man was Jewish and reportedly said "Getting thrown in the lake? Sounds like fun to me."[91] Miami's Jewish community complained, and despite numerous apologies, Saban offered to resign mid-season. Saban was convinced to remain through the end of the season, however, before leaving to coach at Army.[92]
By the time Saban joined Army, he had developed a reputation as an itinerant coach, a "notorious job-hopper" who was nevertheless respected for rebuilding teams in poor condition.[93] Saban said he wanted to stay at Army "until they put me out to pasture".[93] Saban stayed at Army for only one season. He said he was unhappy with the academy's unwillingness to invest more in its football program. "This is a desperate situation", he said near the end of the 1979 season. "To fight alone as a football staff is impossible."[94] He resigned in July 1980 after leading Army to a 2–8–1 record the previous season.[95]
At the end of 1982, Saban left the Yankees to take a job as head football coach at the University of Central Florida (UCF), a Division II school that aspired to move its program to the top of the college ranks.[99] He took over a team that had gone 0–10 in 1982 and led the Knights to a 5–6 record in 1983.[99][100] He resigned midway through the 1984 season with UCF's record at 1–6. Saban, by then 63 years old, said he had a meeting with school officials and felt he "had no part in their plans for the future".[101] At UCF, Saban was playfully referred to as Lou "two point two" Saban because his average tenure as a coach was 2.2 years.[102] He was replaced by his assistant, Jerry Anderson.[103]
Saban retired in 1985 to Hendersonville, North Carolina.[2] He came out of retirement in 1986, however, to coach high school football in Stuart, Florida, serving as the defensive coordinator for the Martin County High School Fighting Tigers.[104] He left after two seasons and was appointed head football coach at South Fork High School, a rival of Martin County that had a record of 1–9 the previous year.[105] After just one season at South Fork, Saban resigned in March 1989 to take a job as head coach at Georgetown High School in Georgetown, South Carolina.[106] Saban said he was there to have fun and enjoy life, and that his reputation as a coaching "nomad" bothered him. "I've had no chance but to continue on", he said.[107]
Saban was hired in 1990 to coach the Middle Georgia Heat Wave, a semipro team in Macon, Georgia, but he left after just four games. Team officials said it was "not a firing", while Saban said there were differences in philosophy and it was "not a resignation."[108] Saban next took a job in 1991 as head coach at Peru State College in Nebraska, compiling a 7–4 record.[109] He resigned in January 1992 because of a new rule that required him to teach at the school, a responsibility he did not want to take on.[110]
Saban next signed on as an assistant with the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League.[102] Two years later, he was named as the coach of the arena league's expansion Milwaukee Mustangs but was fired after the team started 0–4.[102][111] The team's general manager said he wanted to be competitive and thought the club "needed a change".[111] Shortly after his firing, Saban signed on to help start a football program at Alfred State College, a two-year technology school southeast of Buffalo.[112] In 1995, Saban was named the first head football coach at SUNY Canton, a two-year college where he stayed for six seasons.[113] His Canton team was an immediate success, posting a 7–0 record in 1995 and a 34–16 overall record during Saban's time as coach.[113] The school named its football field after Saban in the late 1990s.[113]
In his later years, Saban had heart problems and a fall in his home that required hospitalization. He died at his home in North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, on March 29, 2009.[1] He was married to his first wife, Lorraine, and had a son, Thomas, and 3 daughters, Patricia, Barbara, and Christine. Lorraine committed suicide at their home in Orchard Park, New York, in the summer of 1977 while readying to join Lou at his new job in Miami. He shared seven children with his second wife, Joyce[116] but they did not have any children together.
Lou Saban shares his last name with another famous football coach, Nick Saban. They were called "distant cousins" in a 2005 article where Lou comments on the younger Saban's success.[117] Upon the death of Lou Saban, his widow, Joyce Saban, said the two men might have been second cousins.[118] Lou Saban stated he is a cousin of Nick Saban. Like Lou Saban, Nick Saban is of Croatian descent.
Legacy
Including his stops at both two- and four-year schools, Saban's overall collegiate coaching record was 94–99–4. Including playoffs, his professional football record stands at 97–101–7.[119] Saban had periods of success as a player and as a coach at the college and professional levels, but his constant moves from job to job eventually came to define him.[112] "I have been known as a peripatetic coach", he said in 1994. "The first time I was called that, I thought it was a dirty word. I looked it up in the dictionary and found it meant I moved around a lot."[112] Saban was inducted into the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame in 1994[120] and, in a surprise move, was added to the Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame in 2015,[121] which occurred after Ralph Wilson's death in 2014 and his estate selling the team to current owner Terry Pegula. In 2011, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Saban to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2011.[122]
Coaching tree
Assistants under Saban who became college or professional head coaches:
Additionally, Marty Schottenheimer, who played for Saban from 1965 to 1968 with the AFL's Bills, was influenced by Saban's coaching philosophy. Schottenheimer and the coaches he influenced are considered to be in Saban's coaching tree.[123]
^ abcdeSauerbrei, Harold (September 25, 1946). "Versatile Saban Excels As Defensive Back For Browns". Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 16.
^Greenstein, Teddy (March 30, 2009). "Lou Saban dies at 87". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ abArnot, Charles (October 19, 1941). "Hoosiers' 3rd Period Drive Wins, 21–13". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press International. p. 10. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
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^Fullerton, Hugh Jr. (October 11, 1944). "Sports Roundup". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. New York. Associated Press. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ abDietrich, John (July 29, 1946). "Browns, Big and Brawny, Set For Training Kickoff". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Bowling Green, Ohio. p. 16.
^"Saban Bids For Case Grid Post". Cleveland Plain Dealer. December 17, 1949. p. 19.
^ abcdHeaton, Chuck (February 12, 1950). "Saban Signs Contract as Case Football Coach". Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1C.
^"Sports Provided Many '50 Thrills". Cleveland Plain Dealer. December 31, 1950. p. 16A.
^"Saban Rated 'Dark Horse' Candidate". Cleveland Plain Dealer. January 4, 1952. p. 16.
^ abHeaton, Chuck (March 12, 1953). "Saban Resigns as Case Football Coach Today; Joins U. of Washington Staff". Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 25.
^"Huskies Seeking Backfield Coach". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Seattle. Associated Press. January 25, 1954. p. 13. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"NU's Saban, Staff Fired". The Michigan Daily. Associated Press. December 13, 1955. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Wildcats Name Parseghian". The Telegraph-Herald. Evanston, Ill. Associated Press. December 15, 1955. p. 17. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Patriots Fire Lou Saban". St. Petersburg Times. (Florida). Associated Press. October 11, 1961. p. 2C. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Lou Saban Bills' Coach". The News-Dispatch. Buffalo, N.Y. United Press International. January 19, 1962. p. 10. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^Rathet, Mike (December 27, 1963). "Bills' Owner Files Protest On Ron Burton". Gettysburg Times. Buffalo, N.Y. Associated Press. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Lou Saban Resigns". Montreal Gazette. Associated Press. January 3, 1966. p. 25. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
^"Cookie to Denver". Ottawa Citizen. Denver. Associated Press. June 28, 1967. p. 19. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Tensi Traded To Broncos". St. Petersburg Times. Denver. Associated Press. August 16, 1967. p. 1C. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Saban Promises Shakeup In Ranks". The Daily Sentinel. Buffalo, N.Y. United Press International. December 24, 1971. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^"Saban inherits team with dismal record". Ellensburg Daily Record. Buffalo, N.Y. United Press International. August 18, 1972. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
^Pike, Marvin R. (August 14, 1973). "Simpson Has High Grid Goal". Reading Eagle. Buffalo, N.Y. Associated Press. p. 16. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Simpson Gives Linemen Credit". The Sumter Daily Item. New York. Associated Press. December 13, 1973. p. 2B. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"O.J. Has Thanks for Coach Saban". Spokane Daily Chronicle. New York. Associated Press. December 19, 1973. p. 42. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^ abYake, D. Byron (December 23, 1974). "Buffalo Lauds Bradshaw". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Pittsburgh. Associated Press. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^ ab"Saban quits Bills over O.J. affair". Star-News. Buffalo. United Press International. October 17, 1976. p. 16. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Sports Briefs". The Virgin Islands Daily News. Cincinnati. Associated Press. November 3, 1976. p. 24. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Cincy grid coach takes Arizona job". Williamson Daily News. Cincinnati. Associated Press. December 11, 1976. p. 9. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Miami U job to Lou Saban". St. Joseph Gazette. Miami. Associated Press. December 28, 1976. p. 3B. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^ ab"Lou Saban Intends To Stay At Army". Herald-Journal. New York. Associated Press. January 6, 1979. p. A6. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Cavanaugh Replaces Lou Saban At Army". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. West Point, N.Y. Associated Press. July 18, 1980. p. 4E. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^Durso, Joseph (March 3, 1981). "Saban's In The Unlikely Role Of Yank President". Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal. St. Petersburg. New York Times News Service. p. 6B. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^ ab"Central Florida Names Lou Saban Coach". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Orlando. Associated Press. December 24, 1982. p. 1B. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Football: Saban". Record-Journal. October 18, 1984. p. 17. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Saban Coaching Again". Toledo Blade. Stuart, Florida. August 18, 1986. p. 21. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Saban may coach preps". Star-News. Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. March 13, 1989. p. 2B. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"Lou Saban Leaves Macon's Heat Wave". The Albany Herald. Macon, Ga. Associated Press. August 8, 1990. p. 4D. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"People in Sports". Eugene Register-Guard. April 20, 1991. p. 2C. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
^"College Football". Los Angeles Times. January 30, 1992. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
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LaTourette, Larry (2005). Northwestern Wildcat Football. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN978-0-7385-3433-6.
Piascik, Andy (2007). The Best Show in Football: The 1946–1955 Cleveland Browns. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN978-1-58979-571-6.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: United States Air Force Band of Liberty – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) United States Air Force Band of LibertyLogoActive1978–2013TypeMilitary bandGarrison/HQHanscom Air Force ...
Bupati Asmat Republik IndonesiaLambang Bupati Asmat Republik IndonesiaPetahanaElisa Kambu, S.Sossejak 2016Masa jabatan5 tahun (definitif)Dibentuk2003Pejabat pertamaDr. Yohanis Wiro WatkenSitus webSitus Resmi Kabupaten Asmat Kabupaten Asmat dari awal pengesahannya pada tahun 2005 hingga saat ini sudah pernah dipimpin oleh 2 bupati. Saat ini Bupati Asmat dijabat oleh Elisa Kambu. Daftar Bupati Berikut ini adalah Bupati Asmat dari masa ke masa No Bupati Mulai menjabat Akhir menjabat Prd. Ke...
Danish publishing company This article is about the publishing company. For the financial intelligence organisation, see Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Egmont Group – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to r...
Marc AbrahamMarc AbrahamPekerjaanproduser Marc Abraham adalah seorang produser film Amerika, dan presiden direktur Strike Entertainment, sebuah perusahaan film yang ia luncurkan pada tahun 2002 dengan Universal Pictures. Biografi Sebelumnya, ia adalah salah satu pembuat Beacon Communications, sebuah rumah produksi dan bismis yang dibentuk tahun 1990. Abraham pertama kali muncul di layar lebar sebagai sutradara dalam film Flash of Genius yang dibintangi Greg Kinnear dan Lauren Graham.[1 ...
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (May 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedi...
Bahraini politician This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (April 2022) Ahmed Abdullatif al-Bahar (Arabic: أحمد عبد اللطيف البحر) is a Bahraini politician.[1] Biography Al-Bahar was born in the capital of Manama. He holds a Master of Science in Human Resource Development from the University of Sheffield and a diploma in education from the University...
The Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence is an economic forum organized by Le Cercle des économistes since 2001, in the city of Aix-en-Provence, France. Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-ProvenceFormation2001FounderCercle des économistesTypeEconomic ForumLocationAix-en-Provence, FranceOfficial language English, FrenchWebsitewww.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr Organization Free and public, this forum brings together business leaders, academics, international organizations, NGOs, politicians ...
de Samarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij, N.V.Stasiun Semarang PoncolIkhtisarKantor pusat Kota Tegal, Jawa Tengah, Hindia BelandaLokalJawa Tengah, sebagian eks-Karesidenan Cirebon (Jawa Barat)TeknisLebar sepur1.067 mm (3 ft 6 in)600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in)Panjang jalur373 km de Samarang–Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij, N.V. (SCS) adalah salah satu perusahaan pada zaman kolonial Hindia Belanda yang pada tahun 1897-1914 membangun jalur kereta api...
George V. Kenneally Jr.George V. Kenneally Jr. in 1961Member of the Massachusetts SenateIn office1963–1971Preceded byJohn J. BeadesSucceeded byJoseph B. WalshConstituency7th Suffolk (1963–1971)6th Suffolk (1971)Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives for the 15th Suffolk districtIn office1957–1963Preceded byJohn P. McMorrowSucceeded byPaul Murphy Personal detailsBornGeorge Vincent Kenneally Jr.December 29, 1929Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.DiedJanuary 11, 1999 (aged 69)Florida...
Chinese revolutionary In this Chinese name, the family name is Shen. Shen Dingyi Shen Dingyi (Chinese: 沈定一; pinyin: Shěn Dìngyī; 1883 - August 1928); born in Yaqian (Xiaoshan), a 1920s-era Chinese revolutionary and intellectual who belonged to both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. In 1921, in his home village of Yaqian (Zhejiang province), he organized hundreds of thousands peasants in a reformist association fighting for a 30% cut in land allowance. Some sino...
Mugshot of KGB mole Aldrich Ames, following his 1994 arrest. In 1995 it was revealed that the Central Intelligence Agency had delivered intelligence reports to the U.S. government between 1986 and 1994 which were based on agent reporting from confirmed or suspected Soviet operatives. From 1985 to his arrest in February 1994, CIA officer and KGB mole Aldrich Ames compromised Agency sources and operations in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, leading to the arrest of many CIA agents and the e...
Coffee company based in the U.S. state of Washington Pegasus Coffee CompanyInterior of the coffee shop in downtown Seattle's Dexter Horton Building, 2022 Pegasus Coffee Company (also known as Pegasus Coffee House)[1] is a coffee company operating in Bainbridge Island and Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington.[2][3] The business has operated Pegasus Coffee Bar on 3rd Avenue, in the lobby of the Dexter Horton Building, in downtown Seattle.[4][5] Histor...
English modernist writer (1882–1941) This article is about the British modernist author. For the American children's author, see Virginia Euwer Wolff. For the British rock band, see Virginia Wolf. Woolf redirects here. For other uses, see Woolf (disambiguation). Virginia WoolfWoolf in 1902BornAdeline Virginia Stephen(1882-01-25)25 January 1882London, EnglandDied28 March 1941(1941-03-28) (aged 59)River Ouse in East Sussex, EnglandOccupationNovelistessayistpublishercriticAlma materK...
Association football club in England Football clubMoreton RangersFull nameMoreton Rangers Football ClubNickname(s)The TownsmenFounded1997GroundLondon Road, Moreton-in-MarshChairmanPaul LukerManagerNick TimmsLeagueHellenic League Division One2022–23Hellenic League Division One, 17th of 19 Home colours Moreton Rangers Football Club is a football club based in Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, England. Affiliated in the Gloucestershire County Football Association,[1] The club are curr...
62nd Government of Kingdom of Italy Bonomi II government62nd Cabinet of ItalyDate formed18 June 1944Date dissolved12 December 1944People and organisationsHead of stateVictor Emmanuel IIIHead of governmentIvanoe BonomiTotal no. of members14Member partyDC, PCI, PLI, PSIUP, PdA, PDLHistoryPredecessorBadoglio II CabinetSuccessorBonomi III Cabinet The Bonomi II government of Italy held office from 18 June until 12 December 1944, a total of 177 days, or 5 months and 27 days.[1] Government p...
Il gallo della checcaTitolo originaleGolden Eggs Lingua originaleinglese Paese di produzioneStati Uniti d'America Anno1941 Durata8 min Rapporto1,37:1 Generecommedia, animazione RegiaWilfred Jackson SceneggiaturaCarl Barks, Jack Hannah ProduttoreWalt Disney Casa di produzioneWalt Disney Productions Distribuzione in italianoBuena Vista Distribution MusicheLeigh Harline AnimatoriEd Aardal, Paul Allen, Ted Bonnicksen, Bob Carlson, Walt Clinton, Russ Dyson, Andy Engman, Art Fitzpatrick, John M...
