List of spiral DRAGNs

Spiral DRAGNs are a type of galaxy; spiral galaxies which contain DRAGNs (Double Radio-source Associated with Galactic Nucleus), and are therefore also radio galaxies.

Most DRAGNs are associated with elliptical galaxies, as are most double-lobed radio-galaxies.^[1] Spiral DRAGNs are inconsistent with currently known galaxy formation processes.^[2] As of 2023, there are 17 known spiral DRAGNs that are widely accepted.^[3]

Lenticlular galaxies containing DRAGNs are as rare as spiral DRAGNs, with only 5 known examples as of 2020,^[4] including: Centaurus A,^[5][6] NGC 612^[7] and NGC 1534.^[4]

List

Galaxy	Identified Date	Notes
galaxy 0313-192	2003	First known spiral DRAGN, located in Abell 428. It is the first spiral DRAGN with VLBI detection.[8]	[9][10]
Speca	2011	Second known spiral DRAGN. It was the second galaxy shown to have three episodes of periodic activity, the first was an elliptical.	[NB 1][11][10]
J2345-0449	2014	Third known spiral DRAGN with two episodic activities, observed at radio wavelengths and measuring about 1.6 megaparsecs in total size.	[12]
SDSS J1649+2635	2014	Fourth known spiral DRAGN; first located in a grand design spiral galaxy. It was discovered by cross-matching spiral galaxies identified by galaxy zoo volunteers with the Unified Radio Catalog. It was the first systematic search for spiral DRAGNs.	[1][13][10][14]
J0836+0532	2015	Two clear spiral arms	[15]
J1159+5820	2012/2015	Candidate: Disturbed galaxy with signs of a merger.	[16][15]
J1352+3126	2015	Candidate: Galaxy was well studied at the time of the discovery by Singh et al. The galaxy was classified as spiral or irregular galaxy.	[15]
MCG+07-47-10	2016	radio source has a low luminosity	[17]
J0354-1340	2022	spiral host that is a narrow-line Seyfert 1, size of the de-projected jets is 250 kpc	[18]
J0209+0750	2022	loose spiral arms, has star-forming clumps	[19]
J0806+0624	2022	several spiral arms and a luminous bar-like feature	[19]
J1328+5710	2022	low-mass, low-redshift galaxy with many star-forming regions, at least two prominent arms and a strong bar. One of the few intermediate massive black holes (≤ 10^5 M☉) with a strong radio emission and the first with a double-lobed radio emission.	[19]
J1656+6407	2022	extremely massive star-forming spiral galaxy	[19]
J1128+2417	2022	star-forming clumps in the arms	[19]
J1646+383	2022	dust-lane with peculiar arc-like shape	[19]
J0326-0623	2023	two major spiral arms, scale of the radio lobes is 430 kpc	[3]
J1110+0321	2023	scale of the radio lobes is 100 kpc	[3]
J1134+3046	2023	scale of the radio lobes is 380 kpc	[3]

Notes

1. SPECA = Spiral-host Episodic radio galaxy tracing Cluster Accretion

References

1. Minnie Mao; Ryan Duffin; Frazer Owen; William Keel; Jay Blanchard (2013-08-02). "A low-band study of the spiral DRAGN 1649+26". NRAO. VLA/14A-406. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
2. University of Manchester, "Here be Spiral DRAGNs", H2020-EU.1.3.2., CORDIS, 660432
3. Gao, X. Y.; Yuan, Z. S.; Han, J. L.; Wen, Z. L.; Shan, S. S. (2023-03-01). "Three New Spiral Galaxies with Active Nuclei Producing Double Radio Lobes". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 23 (3): 035005. arXiv:2301.01548. Bibcode:2023RAA....23c5005G. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acb251. ISSN 1674-4527.
4. Duchesne, S. W.; Johnston-Hollitt, M. (2019-04-01). "The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 36: e016. arXiv:1806.09255. Bibcode:2019PASA...36...16D. doi:10.1017/pasa.2018.26. ISSN 1323-3580. S2CID 119101002.
5. Burbidge, G. R.; Burbidge, E. Margaret (1957-01-01). "The Sources of Radio Emission in NGC 5128 and NGC 1316". The Astrophysical Journal. 125: 1. Bibcode:1957ApJ...125....1B. doi:10.1086/146279. ISSN 0004-637X.
6. Cooper, B. F. C.; Price, R. M.; Cole, D. J. (1965-12-01). "A study of the decimetric emission and polarization of Centaurus A". Australian Journal of Physics. 18 (6): 589. Bibcode:1965AuJPh..18..589C. doi:10.1071/PH650589. ISSN 0004-9506.
7. Ekers, R. D.; Goss, W. M.; Kotanyi, C. G.; Skellern, D. J. (1978-10-01). "NGC 612-A Radio Galaxy with a Disk". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 69: L21. Bibcode:1978A&A....69L..21E. ISSN 0004-6361.
8. Mao, Minnie Y.; Blanchard, Jay M.; Owen, Frazer; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Singh, Vikram; Scaife, Anna; Paragi, Zsolt; Norris, Ray P.; Momjian, Emmanuel; Johnson, Gia; Browne, Ian (2018-07-01). "The first VLBI detection of a spiral DRAGN core". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478 (1): L99–L104. arXiv:1805.03039. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.478L..99M. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly081. ISSN 0035-8711.
9. "Giant Radio Jet Coming From Wrong Kind of Galaxy". NRAO. 8 January 2003.
10. Jaime Trosper (6 December 2014). "Astronomers Find a Strange, Perplexing Spiral Galaxy". From Quarks to Quasars.
11. "Exotic Galaxy Reveals Tantalizing Tale". 25 August 2011.
12. Bagchi, Joydeep; Vivek, M.; Vikram, Vinu; Hota, Ananda; Biju, K. G.; Sirothia, S. K.; Srianand, Raghunathan; Gopal-Krishna; Jacob, Joe (2014). "Megaparsec relativistic jets launched from an accreting supermassive black hole in an extreme spiral galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2): 174. arXiv:1404.6889. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788..174B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/174. eISSN 1538-4357. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 53706255.
13. "Strange galaxy perplexes astronomers: Prominent 'jets' of subatomic particles". ScienceDaily. 2 December 2014.
14. Minnie Y. Mao; Frazer Owen; Ryan Duffin; Bill Keel; Mark Lacy; Emmanuel Momjian; Glenn Morrison; Tony Mroczkowski; Susan Neff; Ray P. Norris; Henrique Schmitt; Vicki Toy; Sylvain Veilleux (2015). "J1649+26: A Grand-Design Spiral with a Large Double-Lobed Radio Source". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (4): 4176–4185. arXiv:1410.8520. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.446.4176M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2302. S2CID 119234804.
15. Singh, Veeresh; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.; Sievers, Jonathan; Wadadekar, Yogesh; Hilton, Matt; Beelen, Alexandre (2015-12-01). "Discovery of rare double-lobe radio galaxies hosted in spiral galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (2): 1556–1572. arXiv:1509.01559. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.1556S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2071. ISSN 0035-8711.
16. Koziel-Wierzbowska, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Zola, S.; Stachowski, G.; Kuzmicz, A. (2012-05-01). "CGCG 292-057 - a radio galaxy with merger-modulated radio activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 422 (2): 1546–1551. arXiv:1203.0538. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.422.1546K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20727.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 118411322.
17. Mulcahy, D. D.; Mao, M. Y.; Mitsuishi, I.; Scaife, A. M. M.; Clarke, A. O.; Babazaki, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Suganuma, R.; Matsumoto, H.; Tawara, Y. (2016-11-01). "Discovery of a low-luminosity spiral DRAGN". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 595: L8. arXiv:1609.04820. Bibcode:2016A&A...595L...8M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629536. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 54018506.
18. Vietri, A.; Järvelä, E.; Berton, M.; Ciroi, S.; Congiu, E.; Chen, S.; Di Mille, F. (2022-06-01). "Spectacular 240 kpc double-sided relativistic jets in a spiral-hosted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 662: A20. arXiv:2204.00020. Bibcode:2022A&A...662A..20V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243523. ISSN 0004-6361.
19. Wu, Zihao; Ho, Luis C.; Zhuang, Ming-Yang (2022-12-01). "An Elusive Population of Massive Disk Galaxies Hosting Double-lobed Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 941 (1): 95. arXiv:2210.11724. Bibcode:2022ApJ...941...95W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac9cd5. ISSN 0004-637X.