List of shipwrecks of North Carolina

This is a list of shipwrecks located off the coast of North Carolina.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Ship Flag Sunk date Notes Coordinates
USS Aeolus  United States Navy August 1988 Sunk as an artificial reef. 34°16.685′N 76°38.659′W / 34.278083°N 76.644317°W / 34.278083; -76.644317 (USS Aeolus (ARC-3))
Adventure Pirate 10 June 1718 Sloop under the command of Blackbeard. Ran aground attempting to kedge Queen Anne's Revenge off the bar near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina.[1]
Allan Jackson  United States 18 January 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Hatteras by U-66.[2] 35°37′N 74°20′W / 35.617°N 74.333°W / 35.617; -74.333 (SS Alan Jackson)
USS Alligator  United States Navy 2 April 1863 Submarine; Sank off of Cape Hatteras.
Altoona 22 October 1878 Ran aground at Cape Hatteras.
Amerikaland  Sweden 3 February 1942 Swedish freighter; torpedoed off Cape Hatteras by U-106.[3] 36°36′N 74°10′W / 36.600°N 74.167°W / 36.600; -74.167 (MV Amerikaland)
CSS Appomattox  Confederate States Navy 10 February 1862 Steamboat that was scuttled to prevent capture near Elizabeth City.
Ario 15 March 1942 Torpedoed off Cape Lookout by U-158.[4] 34°20′N 76°39′W / 34.33°N 76.65°W / 34.33; -76.65 (SS Ario)
Ashkhabad  Soviet Union 29 April 1942 Soviet tanker; torpedoed by U-402 off Cape Lookout.[5] 34°21.908′N 76°21.081′W / 34.365133°N 76.351350°W / 34.365133; -76.351350 (SS Ashkhabad (1917))
Arabutan  Brazil 7 March 1942 Brazilian freighter; torpedoed off Hatteras by U-155.[4]
USS Aster  United States Navy 7 October 1864 Ran aground at Kure Beach.[6]
USS Atik  United States Navy 26 March 1942 Q-ship; torpedoed by U-123.[7] 34°52′N 69°58′W / 34.867°N 69.967°W / 34.867; -69.967 (USS Atik)
USS Atlanta  United States Navy December 1869 Ironclad warship that sank off Cape Hatteras. 35°15′16″N 75°31′12″W / 35.25458°N 75.51995°W / 35.25458; -75.51995 (USS Atlanta (1861))
Atlas  United States 9 April 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Cape Lookout by U-552.[8] 34°27′N 76°16′W / 34.45°N 76.27°W / 34.45; -76.27 (Atlas (ship))
Australia  United States 16 March 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Cape Hatteras by U-332.[9] 35°07′N 75°22′W / 35.12°N 75.37°W / 35.12; -75.37 (Australia (ship))
USS Bainbridge  United States Navy 21 August 1863 Capsized off Cape Hatteras.
USS Bazely  United States Navy 9 December 1864 Sank in Roanoke River near Jamseville after striking a mine while attempting to aid USS Otsego.
HMT Bedfordshire  Royal Navy 11 May 1942 Anti-submarine trawler torpedoed by German submarine U-588 off the coast of Ocracoke Island.[10] 34°10′N 76°41′W / 34.167°N 76.683°W / 34.167; -76.683 (HMT Bedfordshire)
USCGC Bedloe  United States Coast Guard September 1944 Formerly USCGC Antietam; sank off Oregon Inlet in the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane.[11]
CSS Bendigo  Confederate States Navy January 1864 Iron-hulled sidewheel blockade runner; ran aground in Lockwood's Folly Inlet.[6]
CSS Black Warrior  Confederate States Navy 20 February 1859 Burned at Elizabeth City.
Bluefields  Nicaragua 15 July 1942 Nicaraguan freighter; torpedoed off Cape Hatteras by U-576.[12][13]
Bounty  United States 29 October 2012 Replica of the original HMS Bounty. Sank during Hurricane Sandy with 16 people aboard. 33°54′N 73°50′W / 33.900°N 73.833°W / 33.900; -73.833 (HMS Bounty)
British Splendour  United Kingdom 7 April 1942 British tanker; torpedoed by U-552 off the coast of Ocracoke Island.[14][15] 35°04′N 75°11′W / 35.07°N 75.19°W / 35.07; -75.19 (British Splendour)
Buarque  Brazil 15 February 1942 Brazilian passenger and cargo ship; torpedoed by U-432.[16] 36°35′N 75°20′W / 36.58°N 75.33°W / 36.58; -75.33 (SS Buarque)
Byron D. Benson 4 May 1942 Tanker; torpedoed by U-552.[17]
Carroll A. Deering  United States January 1921 Five-masted commercial schooner that ran aground in late January off the coast of Cape Hatteras. When the wreck was discovered and boarded, it was found to have been completely abandoned. Its crew were never heard from again. 35°15′45″N 75°29′30″W / 35.262440°N 75.491695°W / 35.262440; -75.491695 (Carroll A. Deering)
Caribsea 11 March 1942 Torpedoed by U-158 off Cape Lookout.[18] 34°40′N 76°10′W / 34.67°N 76.16°W / 34.67; -76.16 (Caribsea)
Carl Gerhard 23 September 1929 Ran aground off Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
Cassimer 26 February 1942 Sank following collision with Lara off Cape Lookout.
Catherine M. Monahan 24 August 1910 Four-masted schooner; foundered after running aground on Diamond Shoals.
Central America  United States 12 September 1857 Sidewheel steamer carrying 10 tons of gold when it was caught up in a Category 2 hurricane. 31°35′N 77°02′W / 31.583°N 77.033°W / 31.583; -77.033 (SS Central America)
Chilore 15 July 1942 Freighter; torpedoed by U-576 and subsequently ran aground off Cape Hatteras.[19]
USS Chopper  United States Navy 21 July 1976 Sunk off Cape Hatteras, while being rigged as a tethered underwater target.
Ciltvaira  Latvia 19 January 1942 Latvian freighter; torpedoed off Nags Head.[20] 34°58′N 75°10′W / 34.967°N 75.167°W / 34.967; -75.167 (SS Ciltvaira)
City of Atlanta  United States 19 January 1942 American freighter; torpedoed by U-123.[2] 35°42′N 75°21′W / 35.7°N 75.35°W / 35.7; -75.35 (City of Atlanta (ship))
City of Houston  United States 23 October 1878 Foundered off Frying Pan Shoals in a storm.
USS Columbia  United States Navy 14 January 1863 Ran aground off Masonboro Inlet.
USS Comte de Grasse  United States Navy 7 June 2006 Sunk as a target, along with her sister ship, Stump.
CSS Curlew  Confederate States Navy 7 February 1862 Sunk in battle off Roanoke Island. 35°53′08″N 75°45′41″W / 35.88565°N 75.76131°W / 35.88565; -75.76131 (CSS Curlew)
USS Cythera  United States Navy 2 May 1942 Patrol boat that was torpedoed by U-402.[21] 33°30′N 75°40′W / 33.500°N 75.667°W / 33.500; -75.667 (USS Cythera (PY-26))
USS Dionysus  United States Navy 1978 Sunk off Pea Island as an artificial reef.
Dixie Arrow  United States 26 March 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Cape Hatteras by U-71.[22] 34°59′N 75°33′W / 34.98°N 75.55°W / 34.98; -75.55 (Dixie Arrow)
CSS Ellis  Confederate States Navy 24 November 1862 Gunboat that ran aground in New River and was destroyed to prevent capture. 34°43′04″N 77°25′31″W / 34.7179°N 77.4254°W / 34.7179; -77.4254 (CSS Ellis)
E.M. Clark  United States 18 March 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Diamond Shoals by U-124.[23] 34°50′N 75°35′W / 34.84°N 75.58°W / 34.84; -75.58 (E. M. Clark (ship))
Empire Gem  United Kingdom 24 January 1942 British tanker; torpedoed off Diamond Shoals by U-66.[24] 35°06′N 74°58′W / 35.100°N 74.967°W / 35.100; -74.967 (Empire Gem)
Empire Thrush 14 April 1942 Torpedoed by U-203.
Equipoise  Panama 27 March 1942 Panamanian freighter; torpedoed by U-160.[25] 36°36′N 74°45′W / 36.6°N 74.75°W / 36.6; -74.75 (SS Equipoise)
Esso Nashville  United States 21 March 1942 American tanker; torpedoed by U-124; stern section was salvaged.[26] 33°35′N 77°22′W / 33.58°N 77.37°W / 33.58; -77.37 (Esso Nashville)
Explorer 12 December 1919 A tugboat that sunk off Nags Head.
CSS Fanny  Confederate States Navy 10 February 1862 Steamboat and balloon carrier that ran aground near Elizabeth City.
CSS Forrest  Confederate States Navy 10 February 1862 Gunboat that was burned to prevent capture at Elizabeth City.
F.W. Abrams  United States 15 June 1942 American tanker; struck a naval mine at Diamond Shoals.[27]
Fenwick Island 7 December 1968 Foundered in a storm.
Francis E. Waters 23 October 1889 Blown ashore by a storm, and now on display at Nags Head town hall.[28] 35°56.067′N 075°36.721′W / 35.934450°N 75.612017°W / 35.934450; -75.612017 (Francis E. Waters (ship))
G.A. Kohler 23 August 1933 Victim of the 1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane. Wrecked two miles (3.2 km) south of Gull Shoal Coast Guard Station. Nine men and one woman from the ship were saved by breeches buoy.[29] 35°28′08″N 75°28′52″W / 35.469°N 75.481°W / 35.469; -75.481 (G.A. Kohler)
General E. L. F. Hardcastle 17 August 1899 Merchant sailing vessel; sank during the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane in Pamlico Sound.
George E. Klinck  United States 7 March 1941 American lumber schooner; foundered in a storm near Diamond Shoals Lightship.
George Weems 20 May 1909 Burned and sank off Frying Pan Shoals.
Glanayron  United Kingdom 22 May 1896 British cargo ship; ran aground on outer Diamond Shoals.
Governor Ames  United States 13 December 1909 Schooner that was wrecked in a gale off Cape Hatteras. 35°43′37″N 75°20′24″W / 35.727°N 75.340°W / 35.727; -75.340 (Governor Ames)
Gray Ghost Sunk and later recovered near Belhaven.
Helen H. Benedict 1914 Wooden schooner; ran aground two miles south of Nag's Head.
Hereford  Norway April 1907 Norwegian barque; wrecked off Hatteras Island.
Hesperides  United Kingdom 9 October 1897 British cargo ship; stranded on Diamond Shoals.
Home  United States 10 October 1837 Steam packet ship wrecked off the beach of Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, in the 1837 Racer's Storm hurricane. 35°14′42″N 75°30′53″W / 35.2451°N 75.5146°W / 35.2451; -75.5146 (SS Home)
USS Home  United States 12 October 1870 Steamship that sank off Cape Hatteras.
USS Huron  United States 24 November 1877 Ran aground off Nags Head.
Idaho 18 February 1895 The paddle steamer foundered in a storm while under tow
USS Indra  United States Navy 4 August 1992 Sunk as artificial reef.
USS Iron Age  United States Navy 11 January 1864 Ran aground at Lockwood's Folly Inlet while attempting to refloat CSS Bendigo.[6]
Isle of Iona  United Kingdom 14 December 1914 British cargo ship; wrecked near Hatteras Inlet.
USCGC Jackson  United States Coast Guard September 1944 Sank off Oregon Inlet in the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane.
John D. Gill 12 March 1942 Torpedoed by U-158.[4]
John Hunter 10 October 1910 Disappeared off Cape Hatteras.
Kassandra Louloudis  Greece 17 March 1942 Greek cargo ship; torpedoed off Diamond Shoals by U-124.[30]
Kentucky  United States 4 February 1910 The 996-gross register ton and 203-foot (62 m) long steamer headed from New York to the Pacific Coast for Tacoma to Alaska service. Leaking, she stopped for repairs at Newport News, Virginia where she was deemed seaworthy. She developed catastrophic leaks and sank 110 nautical miles (200 km; 130 mi) off North Carolina. The use of radio to communicate "S.O.S." messages were among the first recorded, saving 46 lives.[31][32] 32°28′N 76°25′W / 32.46°N 76.42°W / 32.46; -76.42 (Steamship Kentucky)
USS Keshena  United States Navy 19 July 1942 Naval tug; struck a naval mine off Cape Hatteras while attempting to rescue Chilore.[19]
Koll  Norway 6 April 1942 Norwegian tanker; torpedoed by U-571.[33]
Kyzickes Ran aground near Kill Devil Hills.
Lancing  Norway 7 April 1942 Norwegian tanker; torpedoed by U-552 off Cape Hatteras.[34]
Laura A. Barnes Ran ashore on Coquina Beach.
Liberator 19 March 1942 Freighter; torpedoed off Diamond Shoals by U-552.[35] 35°05′N 75°30′W / 35.08°N 75.50°W / 35.08; -75.50 (SS Liberator)
Ljubica Matkovic  Yugoslavia 24 June 1942 Yugoslavian freighter; torpedoed by U-404.[36]
Lois Joyce Sank in surf in Oregon Inlet.
USS Louisiana  United States Navy 24 December 1864 Set afire and exploded at Fort Fisher.[6]
USS Mahackemo  United States Navy 11 September 1948 Sank off Cape Hatteras while under tow.
Malchace  United States 9 April 1942 American freighter; torpedoed by U-160.[37] 34°28′N 75°56′W / 34.47°N 75.93°W / 34.47; -75.93 (Malchace (ship))
Manuela  United States 25 June 1942 American freighter; torpedoed off Cape Lookout by U-404.[38]
USS Margaret  United States Navy 14 April 1942 Cargo ship that was sunk by U-571 off Cape Hatteras. 35°12′N 75°14′W / 35.2°N 75.23°W / 35.2; -75.23 (USS Margaret)
Marlin  Liberia 18 October 1965 Liberian cargo ship; foundered after her cargo shifted.
Marore 27 February 1942 Torpedoed off Kinnakeet station by U-432. 35°33′N 74°58′W / 35.55°N 74.97°W / 35.55; -74.97 (SS Marore)
Merak  United States 6 August 1918 American tanker; ran aground on Diamond Shoals while avoiding torpedoes from U-140.
Metropolis 1878 Sunk off Corolla.
Mirlo 16 August 1918 Torpedoed by U-117 off Wimble Shoal Buoy.
Modern Greece 1862 Sunk at Kure Beach.
USS Monitor  United States Navy 31 December 1862 Lost off Cape Hatteras while under tow by USS Rhode Island.[6] 35°0′6″N 75°24′23″W / 35.00167°N 75.40639°W / 35.00167; -75.40639 (USS Monitor)
Naeco 23 March 1942 Tanker; torpedoed off Cape Lookout by U-124.[39]
CSS Neuse  Confederate States Navy March 1865 Burned to avoid capture in Neuse River; currently installed beside the river at the Governor Caswell Memorial. 35°16′1.33″N 77°37′17.8″W / 35.2670361°N 77.621611°W / 35.2670361; -77.621611 (CSS Neuse)
USS New Jersey  United States Navy 5 September 1923 Bombed as a target off Cape Hatteras.
Nordal  Panama 25 June 1942 Panamanian cargo ship; torpedoed by U-404.[36]
Normannia 17 January 1924 Foundered in a storm at Frying Pan Shoals.
Northeastern  United States 30 December 1904 American tanker; ran aground on Diamond Shoals.
Norvana  United States 19 January 1942 American freighter; torpedoed off Cape Hatteras by U-123.[40]
CSS North Carolina  Confederate States Navy 27 September 1864 Gunboat that sank off Southport. 33°54′49″N 78°1′8″W / 33.91361°N 78.01889°W / 33.91361; -78.01889 (CSS North Carolina)
Olympic  Panama 22 January 1942 Panamanian tanker; torpedoed off Hatteras by U-130.[41] 36°01′N 75°30′W / 36.017°N 75.500°W / 36.017; -75.500 (SS Olympic)
Oriental 16 May 1862 Sank near Oregon Inlet.
USS Otsego  United States Navy 9 December 1864 Sank in the Roanoke River after striking two mines near Jamesville.
Papoose  United States 19 March 1942 Tanker; torpedoed and sank off Oregon Inlet.[42][43][44] 34°17′N 76°39′W / 34.283°N 76.650°W / 34.283; -76.650 (Papoose (tanker))
USS Peterhoff  United States Navy 6 March 1864 Mistaken for a blockade runner and rammed by USS Monticello off Kure Beach.[6]
Pevensey  Confederate States Blockade runner, sank off Atlantic Beach.
Phantom  Confederate States 1863 Steel-hulled blockade runner; sunk at Topsail Inlet.
USS Pilgrim  United States 1935 Patrol vessel that was scuttled off Harkers Island as a breakwater. 34°42′44″N 76°35′20″W / 34.71226°N 76.58878°W / 34.71226; -76.58878 (USS Pilgrim (SP-1204))
Porta Allegra Dredge; sank for unknown reasons.[45]
Portland Ran aground at Cape Lookout.
Proteus 19 August 1918 Sank following a collision with the tanker Cushing in heavy fog, southwest of Diamond Shoals. 34°45.918′N 75°47.010′W / 34.765300°N 75.783500°W / 34.765300; -75.783500 (Proteus)
Pulaski  United States 14 June 1838 The American steam packet Pulaski was lost thirty miles off the coast of North Carolina when its starboard boiler exploded.
Queen Anne's Revenge Pirate 10 June 1718 French frigate that was captured by pirates and became Blackbeard's flagship, eventually running aground at Beaufort Inlet. She was discovered in 1996, near Atlantic Beach by Intersal, Inc.[46]
CSS Raleigh  Confederate States Navy 7 May 1864 Ran aground at Cape Fear.[6]
El Salvador  Spain 29 August 1750 Spanish merchantman ran aground during a hurricane near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina [47] 34°41.44′N 76°41.20′W / 34.69067°N 76.68667°W / 34.69067; -76.68667 (El Salvador)
San Delfino  United Kingdom 9 April 1942 British tanker; torpedoed by U-203.[48]
Santiago  United States 12 March 1924 American cargo and passenger ship; foundered off Cape Hatteras in a storm.
USS Schurz  United States Navy 21 June 1918 Sank in a collision with Florida.
CSS Sea Bird  Confederate States Navy 10 February 1862 Rammed and sunk by USS Commodore Perry off Elizabeth City. 36°17′07″N 76°10′30″W / 36.285242°N 76.175079°W / 36.285242; -76.175079 (CSS Sea Bird)
HMT Senateur Duhamel  Royal Navy 5 June 1942 Rammed by USS Semmes which mistook it for a U-boat.[49]
USS South Wind  United States Navy 11 October 1861 Schooner that was scuttled in the Ocracoke Inlet.
Southern Isles  United States 5 October 1951 American bulk carrier; broke apart and sank.
USS Southfield  United States Navy 19 April 1864 Sank following collision with CSS Albemarle on the Roanoke River, near its mouth at Albemarle Sound.
USCGC Spar  United States Coast Guard October 2004 Scuttled in 108 feet (33 m) of water, 30 miles (48 km) off Morehead City, as an artificial reef.
HMCS St. Laurent  Canadian Maritime Forces 12 January 1980 Canadian destroyer; sank off Cape Hatteras while under tow to breakers.
Strathairly 24 March 1891 Ran aground near Chicomacomico.
Stormy Petrel 1864 Iron-hulled sidewheel blockade runner; sunk at Kure Beach.[6]
Suloide  Brazil 26 March 1943 Brazilian cargo ship; sank after striking the submerged wreck of W. E. Hutton.
Tamaulipas  United States 10 April 1942 American tanker; torpedoed off Cape Lookout by U-552.[48] 34°25′N 76°00′W / 34.42°N 76.0°W / 34.42; -76.0 (Tamaulipas)
USS Tarpon  United States Navy 8 June 1957 Foundered off Cape Hatteras. 34°45.195′N 75°46.025′W / 34.753250°N 75.767083°W / 34.753250; -75.767083 (USS Tarpon (SS-175))
Theodore Parker 4 June 1974 Sunk as an artificial reef.
Tiger  United States 1 April 1942 American tanker; torpedoed by U-754[33]
USS Tiru  United States Navy 19 July 1979 Balao-class submarine sunk as a target off Cape Hatteras. 36°N 73°W / 36°N 73°W / 36; -73 (USS Tiru (SS-416))
U-352  Kriegsmarine 9 May 1942 Sunk by depth charges from USCGC Icarus.[50][51] 34°21′N 76°35′W / 34.350°N 76.583°W / 34.350; -76.583 (German submarine U-352)
U-576  Kriegsmarine 15 July 1942 Sunk off Hatteras by depth charges from aircraft and gunfire from SS Unicoi.[19] 34°31′N 75°13′W / 34.51°N 75.22°W / 34.51; -75.22 (German submarine U-576)
U-701  Kriegsmarine 7 July 1942 Sunk off Cape Hatteras by depth charges from aircraft.[52] 35°14.330′N 75°06.690′W / 35.238833°N 75.111500°W / 35.238833; -75.111500 (German submarine U-701)
U-85  Kriegsmarine 14 April 1942 Sunk off Bodie Island by gunfire from USS Roper.[53] 35°33′N 75°08′W / 35.55°N 75.13°W / 35.55; -75.13 (German submarine U-85)
Ulysses  United Kingdom 11 April 1942 British passenger and cargo ship; torpedoed by U-160 south of Cape Hatteras.[54]
USS Underwriter  United States Navy 2 February 1864 Captured and burned by Confederate forces off New Bern.
Valour  United States 18 January 2006 Sank in a storm
Venore  United States 23 January 1942 American freighter; torpedoed off Hatteras by U-66.[55] 34°50′N 75°20′W / 34.833°N 75.333°W / 34.833; -75.333 (SS Venore)
Veturia  United Kingdom 20 February 1918 British freighter; ran aground on Diamond Shoals in fog.
USS Virginia  United States Navy 5 September 1923 Bombed as target off Cape Hatteras.
W.E. Hutton  United States 18 March 1942 American fuel tanker; torpedoed by U-124 off Cape Lookout.[42][56] 34°05′N 76°40′W / 34.08°N 76.67°W / 34.08; -76.67 (W. E. Hutton (ship))
West Ivis  United States 25 January 1942 American freighter; torpedoed off Hatteras by U-125.[55] 35°03′N 73°10′W / 35.050°N 73.167°W / 35.050; -73.167 (SS West Ivis)
EM[a] Wilcox 30 September 1943 Foundered off Nags Head in a storm.[57]
William Rockefeller  United States 28 June 1942 American tanker, torpedoed by U-701.[58] 35°14′11″N 75°2′1″W / 35.23639°N 75.03361°W / 35.23639; -75.03361 (SS William A. Rockefeller)
USS Yancey  United States Navy 1990 Sunk as an artificial reef off Morehead City.
York 22 January 1942 Freighter; torpedoed by U-66.
Zane Gray  United States 1974 Liberty ship sunk off Pea Island as an artificial reef.

Notes

  1. ^ "EM" was a Coast Guard prefix for "Emergency Manning" ships, not technically USCG cutters but chartered for patrols.

References

  1. ^ D. Moore. (1997) "A General History of Blackbeard the Pirate, the Queen Anne's Revenge and the Adventure". In Tributaries, Volume VII, 1997. pp. 31–35. (North Carolina Maritime History Council)
  2. ^ a b Blair, p. 466.
  3. ^ Blair, pp. 32–33.
  4. ^ a b c Blair, p. 516.
  5. ^ Hickam, p. 178.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Abandoned Shipwreck Act Guidelines: Part IV. Shipwrecks in the National Register of Historic Places". National Park Service Archeology Program. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  7. ^ Blair, pp. 534–535.
  8. ^ Hickam, p. 127.
  9. ^ Blair, p. 517.
  10. ^ Hickam, p. 202.
  11. ^ "US Coast Guard Patrol Craft" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. p. 19. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  12. ^ Hickam, p. 286.
  13. ^ Blair, p. 626.
  14. ^ "Wreck of the British Splendour". Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  15. ^ Hickam, p. 124.
  16. ^ Hickam, pp. 43–44.
  17. ^ Hickam, pp. 123–124.
  18. ^ Hickam, pp. 55–56.
  19. ^ a b c Blair, p. 627.
  20. ^ Hickam, pp. 14–17.
  21. ^ Hickam, p. 179.
  22. ^ Hickam, pp. 99–101.
  23. ^ Hickam, pp. 79–81.
  24. ^ Hickam, p. 21.
  25. ^ Hickam, p. 114.
  26. ^ Hickam, pp. 91–93.
  27. ^ Hickam, pp. 253–254.
  28. ^ Schooner Frances E. Waters, Waymarking.
  29. ^ "Scores Rescued by Coast Guards". Evening Star. Washington, D.C. August 24, 1933. p. A-3.
  30. ^ Hickam, pp. 76–79.
  31. ^ "Sinking Ship's Crew is Saved by Wireless". San Francisco Call. 5 February 1910. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  32. ^ "Steamer Sinks in Mid-Sea; Crew Saved by "S.O.S."; International Distress Signal Flashed by Wireless Brings Rescue. Four Ships in Thrilling Race Against Death; Alamo Answers Call of Kentucky and Gets There Just in Time". Sacramento Union. 5 February 1910. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  33. ^ a b Blair, p. 539.
  34. ^ Hickam, p. 125.
  35. ^ Hickam, p. 88.
  36. ^ a b Hickam, p. 270.
  37. ^ Hickam, pp. 127–128.
  38. ^ Hickam, p. 271.
  39. ^ Hickam, pp. 93–98.
  40. ^ Hickam, p. 20.
  41. ^ Blair, p. 764.
  42. ^ a b Barnette, Michael C. (2006). "Scrambled History: A Tale of Four Misidentified Tankers" (PDF). Wreck Diving Magazine. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  43. ^ Barnette, Michael C. (2007). "The Wreck of the Papoose". Association of Underwater Explorers. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
  44. ^ Hickam, p. 85.
  45. ^ Hudy, Paul. "Porta Allegra aka Lobster Wreck". nc-wreckdiving.com. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  46. ^ "QAR Discovered". lat3440.com. Intersal, Inc. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  47. ^ "El Salvador". Intersal, Inc.
  48. ^ a b Hickam, p. 128.
  49. ^ Hickam, p. 201.
  50. ^ Blair, pp. 574–575.
  51. ^ "German sub sank near U.S." chronicle.augusta.com. The Augusta Chronicle. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  52. ^ Blair, p. 609.
  53. ^ Blair, p. 542.
  54. ^ Hickam, pp. 162–163.
  55. ^ a b Blair, p. 469.
  56. ^ Hickam, pp. 85–86.
  57. ^ United States Coast Guard. "EM Wilcox, WYP-333 (Ex-Rowland)" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  58. ^ Blair, p. 607.

Sources

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