List of natural satellites
This list is complete and up to date as of October 2024 .
Of the Solar System 's eight planets and its nine most likely dwarf planets , six planets and seven dwarf planets are known to be orbited by at least 300 natural satellites , or moons. At least 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io .[ 1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).
Moons are classed into two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.
The earliest published discovery of a moon other than Earth's was by Galileo Galilei , who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries, only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes , have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.
Moons by primary
Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale (major planets not to scale)
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and two, Titan and Triton, have substantial atmospheres
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019
Mercury , the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[ 2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon .
Venus also has no moons,[ 3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.
Earth has one Moon , the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System and the largest body typically described as a moon that orbits anything in hydrostatic equilibrium in relation to the primary object by mass and diameter other than Charon and Pluto, the latter two being dwarf planets revolving around each other. Earth also has more than 20 known co-orbitals , including the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 469219 Kamoʻoalewa , and the occasional temporary satellite , like 2020 CD3 ; however, since they do not permanently orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite .)
Mars has two known moons , Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares , the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[ 4]
Jupiter has 95 moons with known orbits; 72 of them have received permanent designations, and 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group . They were named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Among them is Ganymede , the largest and most massive moon in the Solar System. Its 87 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde . The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme , Ananke and Pasiphae groups.
Saturn has 146 moons with known orbits; 66 of them have received permanent designations, and 63 have been named. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium , including Titan , the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn . The remaining 122 are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit , Norse , and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies the groups are named after. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus, a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets " embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.
Uranus has 28 known moons , five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system , and another ten outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope 's work The Rape of the Lock .
Neptune has 16 known moons ; the largest, Triton , accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and eight outer irregular satellites.
Pluto , a dwarf planet , has five moons . Its largest moon Charon , named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx , is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet . Pluto's four other moons, Nix , Hydra , Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[ 5]
Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[ 6] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia . Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350± 57.5 km .[ 7]
Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka , of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[ 8] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.
A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. Orcus , Quaoar , Gonggong , and Sedna are generally agreed to be dwarf planets among astronomers, and all but Sedna are known to have moons.[ 9] A number of other smaller objects, such as Huya , Salacia , 2002 UX25 , Varda , and 2013 FY27 , also have moons, although their dwarf planethood is more doubtful. This list includes all objects with a best estimated diameter above 400 km that are considered likely or official dwarf planets by other sources and astronomers,[ 10] [ 11] [ 12] including 2003 AZ84 whose satellite has not been seen since its initial discovery.
As of October 2022[update] , 365 asteroid moons and 128 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and the other dwarf planets) had been discovered.[ 13]
Due to Earth's varying distance from these planets (as well as their distance to the Sun), the limits at which we are able to detect new moons are very inconsistent. As the below graph demonstrates, the maximum absolute magnitude (total inherent brightness, abbreviated H) of moons we have detected around planets occurs at H = 18 for Jupiter, H = 17 for Saturn, H = 14 for Uranus, and H = 12 for Neptune. Smaller moons may (and most likely do) exist around each of these planets, but are currently undetectable from Earth. Although spacecraft have visited all of these planets, Earth-based telescopes continue to outperform them in moon-detection ability due to their greater availability for wide-field surveys.[citation needed ]
Planetary moons by absolute magnitude
List
This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations . Moons that do not yet have official Roman numeral designations (because their orbits are not yet known well enough) are listed after those that do.
The 19 moons that are known to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold . The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic . Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.
Name
Image
Parent
Numeral
Mean radius (km)
Orbital semi-major axis (km)
Sidereal period (d ) (r = retrograde)
Discovery year
Year Announced
Discovered by
Notes
Ref(s)
Moon
Earth
I (1)
1,738
384,399
27.321582
Prehistoric
Prehistory
—
Synchronous rotation (Binary )
[ 14]
Phobos
Mars
I (1)
11.267
9,380
0.319
1877
1877
Hall
Synchronous rotation
[ 15] [ 16] [ 17]
Deimos
Mars
II (2)
6.2± 0.18
23,460
1.262
1877
1877
Hall
Synchronous rotation
[ 15] [ 16] [ 17]
Io
Jupiter
I (1)
1,821.6± 0.5
421,800
1.769
1610
1610
Galileo
Main-group moon (Galilean )
[ 17] [ 18]
Europa
Jupiter
II (2)
1,560.8± 0.5
671,100
3.551
1610
1610
Galileo
Main-group moon (Galilean )
[ 17] [ 18]
Ganymede
Jupiter
III (3)
2,634.1± 0.3
1,070,400
7.155
1610
1610
Galileo
Main-group moon (Galilean )
[ 17] [ 18]
Callisto
Jupiter
IV (4)
2,410.3± 1.5
1,882,700
16.69
1610
1610
Galileo
Main-group moon (Galilean )
[ 17] [ 18]
Amalthea
Jupiter
V (5)
83.5± 2
181,400
0.498
1892
1892
Barnard
Inner moon (Amalthea )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 19]
Himalia
Jupiter
VI (6)
69.8
11,461,000
250.56
1904
1905
Perrine
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 20] [ 21]
Elara
Jupiter
VII (7)
39.95
11,741,000
259.64
1905
1905
Perrine
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 22]
Pasiphae
Jupiter
VIII (8)
28.9
23,624,000
743.63 (r)
1908
1908
Melotte
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 23]
Sinope
Jupiter
IX (9)
17.5
23,939,000
758.90 (r)
1914
1914
Nicholson
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 24]
Lysithea
Jupiter
X (10)
21.1
11,717,000
259.20
1938
1938
Nicholson
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 25]
Carme
Jupiter
XI (11)
23.3
23,404,000
734.17 (r)
1938
1938
Nicholson
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 25]
Ananke
Jupiter
XII (12)
14.55
21,276,000
629.77 (r)
1951
1951
Nicholson
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 26]
Leda
Jupiter
XIII (13)
10.75
11,165,000
240.92
1974
1974
Kowal
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 27]
Thebe
Jupiter
XIV (14)
49.3± 2.0
221,900
0.675
1979
1980
Synnott (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (Amalthea )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 28]
Adrastea
Jupiter
XV (15)
8.2± 2.0
129,000
0.298
1979
1979
Jewitt , Danielson (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (Amalthea )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 29]
Metis
Jupiter
XVI (16)
21.5± 2.0
128,000
0.295
1979
1980
Synnott (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (Amalthea )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 30]
Callirrhoe
Jupiter
XVII (17)
4.8
24,103,000
758.77 (r)
1999
2000
Scotti , Spahr , McMillan , Larsen , Montani , Gleason, Gehrels
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 31]
Themisto
Jupiter
XVIII (18)
4.5
7,284,000
130.02
1975/2000
1975/2000
Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier (rediscovery)
Prograde irregular (Themisto)
[ 16] [ 17] [ 32] [ 33]
Megaclite
Jupiter
XIX (19)
2.7
23,493,000
752.86 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Taygete
Jupiter
XX (20)
2.5
23,280,000
732.41 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Chaldene
Jupiter
XXI (21)
1.9
23,100,000
723.72 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Harpalyke
Jupiter
XXII (22)
2.2
20,858,000
623.32 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Kalyke
Jupiter
XXIII (23)
3.45
23,483,000
742.06 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Iocaste
Jupiter
XXIV (24)
2.6
21,060,000
631.60 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Erinome
Jupiter
XXV (25)
1.6
23,196,000
728.46 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Isonoe
Jupiter
XXVI (26)
1.9
23,155,000
726.23 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Praxidike
Jupiter
XXVII (27)
3.5
20,908,000
625.39 (r)
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Fernández , Magnier , Dahm , Evans
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 34]
Autonoe
Jupiter
XXVIII (28)
2
24,046,000
760.95 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
Thyone
Jupiter
XXIX (29)
2
20,939,000
627.21 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Hermippe
Jupiter
XXX (30)
2
21,131,000
633.9 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Aitne
Jupiter
XXXI (31)
1.5
23,229,000
730.18 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Eurydome
Jupiter
XXXII (32)
1.5
22,865,000
717.33 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Euanthe
Jupiter
XXXIII (33)
1.5
20,797,000
620.49 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Euporie
Jupiter
XXXIV (34)
1
19,304,000
550.74 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Orthosie
Jupiter
XXXV (35)
1
20,720,000
622.56 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Sponde
Jupiter
XXXVI (36)
1
23,487,000
748.34 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Kale
Jupiter
XXXVII (37)
1
23,217,000
729.47 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Pasithee
Jupiter
XXXVIII (38)
1
23,004,000
719.44 (r)
2001
2002
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Hegemone
Jupiter
XXXIX (39)
1.5
23,577,000
739.88 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
Mneme
Jupiter
XL (40)
1
21,035,000
620.04 (r)
2003
2003
Gladman , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17]
Aoede
Jupiter
XLI (41)
2
23,980,000
761.50 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
Thelxinoe
Jupiter
XLII (42)
1
21,164,000
628.09 (r)
2003
2004
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Gladman , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17]
Arche
Jupiter
XLIII (43)
1.5
23,355,000
731.95 (r)
2002
2002
Sheppard , Meech , Hsieh , Tholen , Tonry
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17] [ 35]
Kallichore
Jupiter
XLIV (44)
1
23,288,000
728.73 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17]
Helike
Jupiter
XLV (45)
2
21,069,000
626.32 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17]
Carpo
Jupiter
XLVI (46)
1.5
17,058,000
456.30
2003
2003
Sheppard , Gladman , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen , Jewitt , Kleyna
Prograde irregular (Carpo)
[ 16] [ 17]
Eukelade
Jupiter
XLVII (47)
2
23,328,000
730.47 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17]
Cyllene
Jupiter
XLVIII (48)
1
23,809,000
752 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
Kore
Jupiter
XLIX (49)
1
24,543,000
779.17 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
Herse
Jupiter
L (50)
1
22,983,000
714.51 (r)
2003
2003
Gladman , Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2010 J 1
Jupiter
LI (51)
1
23,314,300
723.2 (r)
2010
2011
Jacobson , Brozović , Gladman , Alexandersen
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
S/2010 J 2
Jupiter
LII (52)
0.5
20,307,200
588.1 (r)
2010
2011
Veillet
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
Dia
Jupiter
LIII (53)
2
12,118,000
287.0
2000
2001
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 36]
S/2016 J 1
Jupiter
LIV (54)
1
20,595,500
602.7 (r)
2016
2017
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
S/2003 J 18
Jupiter
LV (55)
1
20,274,000
588.0 (r)
2003
2003
Gladman , Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
S/2011 J 2
Jupiter
LVI (56)
0.5
23,329,700
726.8 (r)
2011
2012
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 36]
Eirene
Jupiter
LVII (57)
2
23,731,800
759.7 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
Philophrosyne
Jupiter
LVIII (58)
1
22,820,000
701.3 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 1
Jupiter
LIX (59)
2
23,484,000
734.2 (r)
2017
2017
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 36]
Eupheme
Jupiter
LX (60)
1
21,199,710
627.8 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
S/2003 J 19
Jupiter
LXI (61)
1
22,757,000
697.6 (r)
2003
2003
Gladman , Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
Valetudo
Jupiter
LXII (62)
0.5
18,928,100
532.0
2016
2018
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Valetudo)
[ 36]
S/2017 J 2
Jupiter
LXIII (63)
1
23,241,000
723.8 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 3
Jupiter
LXIV (64)
1
20,639,300
605.8 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
Pandia
Jupiter
LXV (65)
1.5
11,494,800
251.8
2017
2018
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 5
Jupiter
LXVI (66)
1
23,169,400
720.5 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 6
Jupiter
LXVII (67)
1
22,394,700
684.7 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 7
Jupiter
LXVIII (68)
1
20,571,500
602.8 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 8
Jupiter
LXIX (69)
0.5
23,174,400
720.7 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
S/2017 J 9
Jupiter
LXX (70)
1
21,430,000
640.9 (r)
2017
2018
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 36]
Ersa
Jupiter
LXXI (71)
1.5
11,453,000
250.4
2018
2018
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 36]
S/2011 J 1
Jupiter
LXXII (72)
0.5
20,155,300
580.7 (r)
2011
2012
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 36]
S/2003 J 2
Jupiter
—
1
20,554,400
602.02 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2003 J 4
Jupiter
—
1
22,048,600
668.85 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández , Hsieh
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2003 J 9
Jupiter
—
0.5
24,168,700
767.6 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 16] [ 37]
S/2003 J 10
Jupiter
—
1
22,896,000
707.78 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Carme ?)
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2003 J 12
Jupiter
—
0.5
21,557,700
646.64 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2003 J 16
Jupiter
—
1
20,512,500
600.18 (r)
2003
2003
Gladman , Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Kavelaars , Petit , Allen
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 16] [ 38]
S/2003 J 23
Jupiter
—
1
24,678,100
792.00 (r)
2003
2004
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Fernández
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2003 J 24
Jupiter
—
1.5
23,088,000
715.4 (r)
2003
2021
Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Veillet
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 39]
S/2011 J 3
Jupiter
—
1.5
11,797,200
261.77
2011
2022
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 40]
S/2016 J 3
Jupiter
—
1
22,213,500
676.37 (r)
2016
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 41]
S/2016 J 4
Jupiter
—
1
23,664,100
743.69 (r)
2016
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae )
[ 42]
S/2018 J 2
Jupiter
—
1.5
11,467,500
250.88
2018
2022
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Himalia )
[ 43]
S/2018 J 3
Jupiter
—
0.5
22,826,600
704.56 (r)
2018
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 44]
S/2018 J 4
Jupiter
—
1
16,504,300
433.16
2018
2023
Sheppard
Prograde irregular (Carpo)
[ 45]
S/2021 J 1
Jupiter
—
0.5
20,667,200
606.99 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 46]
S/2021 J 2
Jupiter
—
0.5
21,140,600
627.96 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 47]
S/2021 J 3
Jupiter
—
1
21,495,700
643.85 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 48]
S/2021 J 4
Jupiter
—
0.5
22,946,700
710.13 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 49]
S/2021 J 5
Jupiter
—
1
22,831,800
704.80 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 50]
S/2021 J 6
Jupiter
—
0.5
23,427,200
732.55 (r)
2021
2023
Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 51]
S/2022 J 1
Jupiter
—
0.5
22,015,500
667.34 (r)
2022
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 52]
S/2022 J 2
Jupiter
—
0.5
22,413,200
685.51 (r)
2022
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Carme )
[ 53]
S/2022 J 3
Jupiter
—
0.5
20,912,400
617.82 (r)
2022
2023
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Ananke )
[ 54]
Mimas
Saturn
I (1)
198.2± 0.4
185,540
0.942
1789
1789
Herschel
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Enceladus
Saturn
II (2)
252.1± 0.2
238,040
1.370
1789
1789
Herschel
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Tethys
Saturn
III (3)
533.1± 0.7
294,670
1.888
1684
1686
Cassini
Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea )
[ 16] [ 17]
Dione
Saturn
IV (4)
561.4± 0.4
377,420
2.737
1684
1686
Cassini
Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea )
[ 16] [ 17]
Rhea
Saturn
V (5)
763.8± 1.0
527,070
4.518
1672
1673
Cassini
Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea )
[ 16] [ 17]
Titan
Saturn
VI (6)
2,574.73± 0.09
1,221,870
15.95
1655
1656
Huygens
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Hyperion
Saturn
VII (7)
135
1,500,880
21.28
1848
1848
W.Bond , G. Bond , and Lassell
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Iapetus
Saturn
VIII (8)
735.6± 1.5
3,560,840
79.33
1671
1673
Cassini
Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea )
[ 16] [ 17]
Phoebe
Saturn
IX (9)
106.5± 0.7
12,947,780
550.31 (r)
1898
1899
Pickering
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Janus
Saturn
X (10)
89.5± 1.4
151,460
0.695
1966/1980
1967/1980
Dollfus ; Voyager 1 (confirmed)
Inner moon (co-orbital)
[ 16] [ 17]
Epimetheus
Saturn
XI (11)
58.1± 1.8
151,410
0.694
1966/1980
1967/1980
Walker ; Voyager 1 (confirmed)
Inner moon (co-orbital)
[ 16] [ 17]
Helene
Saturn
XII (12)
17.6± 0.4
377,420
2.737
1980
1980
Laques , Lecacheux
Main-group trojan
[ 16] [ 17]
Telesto
Saturn
XIII (13)
12.4± 0.4
294,710
1.888
1980/1981
1980
Smith , Reitsema , Larson , Fountain (Voyager 1 )
Main-group trojan
[ 16] [ 17]
Calypso
Saturn
XIV (14)
10.7± 0.7
294,710
1.888
1980/1981
1980
Pascu , Seidelmann , Baum , Currie
Main-group trojan
[ 16] [ 17]
Atlas
Saturn
XV (15)
15.1± 0.9
137,670
0.602
1980
1980
Terrile (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Prometheus
Saturn
XVI (16)
43.1± 2.7
139,380
0.613
1980
1980
Collins (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Pandora
Saturn
XVII (17)
40.7± 1.5
141,720
0.629
1980
1980
Collins (Voyager 1 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Pan
Saturn
XVIII (18)
14.1
133,580
0.575
1981
1990
Showalter (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Ymir
Saturn
XIX (19)
11
23,140,400
1,315.58 (r)
2000
2000
Gladman
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Paaliaq
Saturn
XX (20)
14.5
15,200,000
686.95
2000
2000
Gladman
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Paaliaq)
[ 16] [ 17]
Tarvos
Saturn
XXI (21)
7.5
17,983,000
926.23
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 16] [ 17]
Ijiraq
Saturn
XXII (22)
6
11,124,000
451.42
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Kiviuq)
[ 16] [ 17]
Suttungr
Saturn
XXIII (23)
3.5
19,459,000
1,016.67 (r)
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Kiviuq
Saturn
XXIV (24)
8
11,110,000
449.22
2000
2000
Gladman
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Kiviuq)
[ 16] [ 17]
Mundilfari
Saturn
XXV (25)
3.5
18,628,000
952.77 (r)
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Albiorix
Saturn
XXVI (26)
14.3
16,182,000
783.45
2000
2000
Holman , Spahr
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 16] [ 17]
Skathi
Saturn
XXVII (27)
4
15,540,000
728.20 (r)
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Erriapus
Saturn
XXVIII (28)
5
17,343,000
871.19
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 16] [ 17]
Siarnaq
Saturn
XXIX (29)
19.65
18,015,400
896.44
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 16] [ 17]
Thrymr
Saturn
XXX (30)
3.5
20,314,000
1,094.11 (r)
2000
2000
Gladman , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Narvi
Saturn
XXXI (31)
3.5
19,007,000
1,003.86 (r)
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Methone
Saturn
XXXII (32)
1.45
194,440
1.010
2004
2004
Porco , Charnoz , Brahic , Dones (Cassini–Huygens )
Alkyonide moon
[ 17]
Pallene
Saturn
XXXIII (33)
2.22
212,280
1.154
1981/2004
2004
Gordon , Murray , Beurle , et al. (Cassini–Huygens )
Alkyonide moon
[ 17]
Polydeuces
Saturn
XXXIV (34)
1.3
377,200
2.737
2004
2004
Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens )
Main-group trojan
[ 17]
Daphnis
Saturn
XXXV (35)
3.8± 0.8
136,500
0.594
2005
2005
Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 17]
Aegir
Saturn
XXXVI (36)
3
20,751,000
1,117.52 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Bebhionn
Saturn
XXXVII (37)
3
17,119,000
834.84
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 16] [ 17]
Bergelmir
Saturn
XXXVIII (38)
3
19,336,000
1,005.74 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Bestla
Saturn
XXXIX (39)
3.5
20,192,000
1,088.72 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Farbauti
Saturn
XL (40)
2.5
20,377,000
1,085.55 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Fenrir
Saturn
XLI (41)
2
22,454,000
1,260.35 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Fornjot
Saturn
XLII (42)
3
25,146,000
1,494.2 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Hati
Saturn
XLIII (43)
3
19,846,000
1,038.61 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
Hyrrokkin
Saturn
XLIV (44)
4
18,437,000
931.86 (r)
2004
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Kari
Saturn
XLV (45)
3.5
22,089,000
1,230.97 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Loge
Saturn
XLVI (46)
3
23,058,000
1,311.36 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Skoll
Saturn
XLVII (47)
3
17,665,000
878.29 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Surtur
Saturn
XLVIII (48)
3
22,704,000
1,297.36 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Anthe
Saturn
XLIX (49)
0.9
197,700
1.0365
2007
2007
Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens )
Alkyonide moon
[ 55]
Jarnsaxa
Saturn
L (50)
3
18,811,000
964.74 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Greip
Saturn
LI (51)
3
18,206,000
921.19 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
Tarqeq
Saturn
LII (52)
3.5
18,009,000
887.48
2007
2007
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 17]
Aegaeon
Saturn
LIII (53)
0.33
167,500
0.808
2008
2009
Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens
G-ring moonlet
[ 56] [ 57]
Gridr
Saturn
LIV (54)
3
19,418,000
1,010.55 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 58]
Angrboda
Saturn
LV (55)
3
20,636,000
1,107.13 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 59]
Skrymir
Saturn
LVI (56)
4
21,163,000
1,149.82 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 60]
Gerd
Saturn
LVII (57)
4
21,174,000
1,150.69 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 61]
S/2004 S 26
Saturn
LVIII (58)
4
26,676,000
1,627.18 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 62]
Eggther
Saturn
LIX (59)
6
19,976,000
1,054.45 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden , Jacobson
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 63]
S/2004 S 29
Saturn
LX (60)
4
16,981,000
826.44
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 64]
Beli
Saturn
LXI (61)
3
20,396,000
1,087.84 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 65]
Gunnlod
Saturn
LXII (62)
4
21,214,000
1,153.96 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 66]
Thiazzi
Saturn
LXIII (63)
4
24,168,000
1,403.18 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 67]
S/2004 S 34
Saturn
LXIV (64)
3
24,299,000
1,414.59 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 68]
Alvaldi
Saturn
LXV (65)
6
22,412,000
1,253.08 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 69]
Geirrod
Saturn
LXVI (66)
4
21,908,000
1,211.02 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 70]
S/2004 S 7
Saturn
—
3
20,999,000
1,140.24 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse ?)
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2004 S 12
Saturn
—
2.5
19,878,000
1,046.19 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2004 S 13
Saturn
—
3
18,404,000
933.48 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse ?)
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2004 S 17
Saturn
—
2
19,447,000
1,014.70 (r)
2004
2005
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse ?)
[ 16] [ 17]
S/2004 S 21
Saturn
—
3
22,645,000
1,272.61 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 71]
S/2004 S 24
Saturn
—
3
22,901,000
1,294.25
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic )
[ 72]
S/2004 S 28
Saturn
—
4
22,020,000
1,220.31 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Retrograde irregular (Norse ?)
[ 73]
S/2004 S 31
Saturn
—
4
17,568,000
869.65
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna , Marsden
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 74]
S/2004 S 36
Saturn
—
3
23,192,000
1,319.07 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 75]
S/2004 S 37
Saturn
—
4
15,892,000
748.18 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 76]
S/2004 S 39
Saturn
—
3
23,575,000
1,351.83 (r)
2004
2019
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 77]
S/2004 S 40
Saturn
—
2
16,075,600
765.92 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 78]
S/2004 S 41
Saturn
—
2
18,095,000
895.76 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 79]
S/2004 S 42
Saturn
—
2
18,240,800
910.61 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 80]
S/2004 S 43
Saturn
—
2
18,935,000
971.48 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 81]
S/2004 S 44
Saturn
—
2.5
19,515,400
1,014.98 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 82]
S/2004 S 45
Saturn
—
2
19,693,600
1,058.95 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 83]
S/2004 S 46
Saturn
—
1.5
20,513,000
1,107.57 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 84]
S/2004 S 47
Saturn
—
2
16,050,600
755.69 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 85]
S/2004 S 48
Saturn
—
2
22,136,700
1,248.52 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 86]
S/2004 S 49
Saturn
—
2
22,399,700
1,290.34 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 87]
S/2004 S 50
Saturn
—
1.5
22,346,000
1,219.11 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 88]
S/2004 S 51
Saturn
—
2
25,208,200
1,544.65 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 89]
S/2004 S 52
Saturn
—
1.5
26,448,100
1,573.49 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 90]
S/2004 S 53
Saturn
—
2
23,279,800
1,367.72 (r)
2004
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 91]
S/2005 S 4
Saturn
—
2.5
11,324,500
448.63
2005
2023
Sheppard et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Kiviuq)
[ 92]
S/2005 S 5
Saturn
—
1.5
21,366,200
1,138.62 (r)
2005
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 93]
S/2006 S 1
Saturn
—
3
18,790,000
963.37 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
S/2006 S 3
Saturn
—
3
22,096,000
1,227.21 (r)
2006
2006
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
S/2006 S 9
Saturn
—
1.5
14,406,600
648.71 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 94]
S/2006 S 10
Saturn
—
1.5
18,979,900
965.26 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 95]
S/2006 S 11
Saturn
—
1.5
19,711,900
1,018.45 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 96]
S/2006 S 12
Saturn
—
2
19,569,800
1,043.16
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic )
[ 97]
S/2006 S 13
Saturn
—
2
19,953,800
1,061.74 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 98]
S/2006 S 14
Saturn
—
1.5
21,062,100
1,150.64 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 99]
S/2006 S 15
Saturn
—
2
21,799,400
1,183.57 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 100]
S/2006 S 16
Saturn
—
1.5
21,720,700
1,217.36 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 101]
S/2006 S 17
Saturn
—
2
22,384,900
1,262.48 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 102]
S/2006 S 18
Saturn
—
2
22,760,700
1,324.09 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 103]
S/2006 S 19
Saturn
—
2
23,801,100
1,324.68 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 104]
S/2006 S 20
Saturn
—
2.5
13,193,800
563.89 (r)
2006
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 105]
S/2007 S 2
Saturn
—
3
16,725,000
808.08 (r)
2007
2007
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 17]
S/2007 S 3
Saturn
—
3
18,975,000
977.8 (r)
2007
2007
Sheppard , Jewitt , Kleyna
Retrograde irregular (Norse ?)
[ 17]
S/2007 S 5
Saturn
—
2
15,835,700
748.50 (r)
2007
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 106]
S/2007 S 6
Saturn
—
1.5
18,544,900
944.31 (r)
2007
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 107]
S/2007 S 7
Saturn
—
2
15,931,700
742.79 (r)
2007
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 108]
S/2007 S 8
Saturn
—
2
17,049,000
826.94
2007
2023
Sheppard et al.
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 109]
S/2007 S 9
Saturn
—
2
20,174,600
1,099.69 (r)
2007
2023
Sheppard et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 110]
S/2009 S 1
Saturn
—
0.15
117,000
0.471
2009
2009
Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens
B-ring moonlet
[ 111]
S/2019 S 1
Saturn
—
3
11,221,000
443.8
2019
2021
Ashton, Gladman , Petit, Alexandersen
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Kiviuq)
[ 112]
S/2019 S 2
Saturn
—
1.5
16,559,900
796.22 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 113]
S/2019 S 3
Saturn
—
2
17,077,200
836.68 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 114]
S/2019 S 4
Saturn
—
1.5
17,956,700
898.40 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 115]
S/2019 S 5
Saturn
—
1.5
19,076,900
971.54 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 116]
S/2019 S 6
Saturn
—
2
18,198,700
905.41
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 117]
S/2019 S 7
Saturn
—
2
20,181,300
1,093.86 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 118]
S/2019 S 8
Saturn
—
2
20,284,400
1,080.60 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 119]
S/2019 S 9
Saturn
—
2
20,359,000
1,104.27 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 120]
S/2019 S 10
Saturn
—
1.5
20,713,400
1,129.53 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 121]
S/2019 S 11
Saturn
—
2
20,663,700
1,097.33 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 122]
S/2019 S 12
Saturn
—
2
20,904,500
1,130.40 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 123]
S/2019 S 13
Saturn
—
1.5
20,965,800
1,132.90 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 124]
S/2019 S 14
Saturn
—
2
17,853,000
902.00
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 125]
S/2019 S 15
Saturn
—
1.5
21,189,700
1,156.21 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 126]
S/2019 S 16
Saturn
—
1.5
23,266,700
1,360.26 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 127]
S/2019 S 17
Saturn
—
2
22,724,100
1,322.15 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 128]
S/2019 S 18
Saturn
—
1.5
23,140,700
1,349.74 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 129]
S/2019 S 19
Saturn
—
1.5
23,047,200
1,342.57 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 130]
S/2019 S 20
Saturn
—
1.5
23,678,600
1,343.58 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 131]
S/2019 S 21
Saturn
—
2
26,439,000
1,572.06 (r)
2019
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 132]
S/2020 S 1
Saturn
—
2
11,338,700
450.83
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Kiviuq)
[ 133]
S/2020 S 2
Saturn
—
1.5
17,869,300
907.00 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 134]
S/2020 S 3
Saturn
—
1.5
18,054,700
896.35
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 135]
S/2020 S 4
Saturn
—
1.5
18,235,500
910.34
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Gallic )
[ 136]
S/2020 S 5
Saturn
—
1.5
18,391,300
933.52
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Prograde irregular (Inuit ) (Siarnaq)
[ 137]
S/2020 S 6
Saturn
—
1.5
21,265,300
1,149.11 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 138]
S/2020 S 7
Saturn
—
1.5
17,400,000
844.85 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 139]
S/2020 S 8
Saturn
—
1.5
21,966,700
1,201.72 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 140]
S/2020 S 9
Saturn
—
2
25,434,100
1,565.23 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 141]
S/2020 S 10
Saturn
—
1.5
25,314,800
1,479.87 (r)
2020
2023
Ashton et al.
Retrograde irregular (Norse )
[ 142]
Ariel
Uranus
I (1)
578.9± 0.6
190,900
2.520
1851
1851
Lassell
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Umbriel
Uranus
II (2)
584.7± 2.8
266,000
4.144
1851
1851
Lassell
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Titania
Uranus
III (3)
788.9± 1.8
436,300
8.706
1787
1787
Herschel
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Oberon
Uranus
IV (4)
761.4± 2.6
583,500
13.46
1787
1787
Herschel
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Miranda
Uranus
V (5)
235.8± 0.7
129,900
1.413
1948
1949
Kuiper
Main-group moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Cordelia
Uranus
VI (6)
20.1± 3
49,800
0.335
1986
1986
Terrile (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Ophelia
Uranus
VII (7)
21.4± 4
53,800
0.376
1986
1986
Terrile (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon (shepherd )
[ 16] [ 17]
Bianca
Uranus
VIII (8)
25.7± 2
59,200
0.435
1986
1986
Smith (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Cressida
Uranus
IX (9)
39.8± 2
61,800
0.464
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Desdemona
Uranus
X (10)
32± 4
62,700
0.474
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Juliet
Uranus
XI (11)
46.8± 4
64,400
0.493
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Portia
Uranus
XII (12)
67.6± 4.0
66,100
0.513
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Rosalind
Uranus
XIII (13)
36± 6
69,900
0.558
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Belinda
Uranus
XIV (14)
40.3± 8
75,300
0.624
1986
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Puck
Uranus
XV (15)
81± 2
86,000
0.762
1985
1986
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Caliban
Uranus
XVI (16)
36.4
7,231,100
579.73 (r)
1997
1997
Gladman , Nicholson , Burns , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Caliban)
[ 143] [ 17]
Sycorax
Uranus
XVII (17)
93
12,179,400
1,288.38 (r)
1997
1997
Gladman , Nicholson , Burns , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular
[ 143] [ 17]
Prospero
Uranus
XVIII (18)
25
16,256,000
1,978.29 (r)
1999
1999
Gladman , Holman , Kavelaars , Petit , Scholl
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Setebos
Uranus
XIX (19)
24
17,418,000
2,225.21 (r)
1999
1999
Gladman , Holman , Kavelaars , Petit , Scholl
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Stephano
Uranus
XX (20)
16
8,004,000
677.36 (r)
1999
1999
Gladman , Holman , Kavelaars , Petit , Scholl
Retrograde irregular (Caliban)
[ 16] [ 17]
Trinculo
Uranus
XXI (21)
9.5
8,504,000
749.24 (r)
2001
2002
Holman , Kavelaars , Milisavljevic
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Francisco
Uranus
XXII (22)
11
4,276,000
266.56 (r)
2001
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Milisavljevic , Gladman
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Margaret
Uranus
XXIII (23)
10
14,345,000
1,687.01
2003
2003
Sheppard , Jewitt
Prograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Ferdinand
Uranus
XXIV (24)
10
20,901,000
2,887.21 (r)
2001
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Milisavljevic , et al.
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Perdita
Uranus
XXV (25)
15
76,417
0.638
1986
1999/2003
Karkoschka (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 17]
Mab
Uranus
XXVI (26)
12
97,736
0.923
2003
2003
Showalter , Lissauer
Inner moon
[ 17]
Cupid
Uranus
XXVII (27)
9
74,392
0.613
2003
2003
Showalter , Lissauer
Inner moon
[ 17]
S/2023 U 1
Uranus
—
4
7,978,000
680.76 (r)
2023
2024
Sheppard
Retrograde irregular (Caliban)
[ 144]
Triton
Neptune
I (1)
1,353.4± 0.9
354,800
5.877 (r)
1846
1846
Lassell
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Nereid
Neptune
II (2)
178.5± 13
5,513,820
360.14
1949
1949
Kuiper
Prograde irregular
[ 145] [ 17]
Naiad
Neptune
III (3)
30.2
48,224
0.294
1989
1989
Terrile (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Thalassa
Neptune
IV (4)
40.7
50,075
0.311
1989
1989
Terrile (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Despina
Neptune
V (5)
78± 4.7
52,526
0.335
1989
1989
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Galatea
Neptune
VI (6)
87.4
61,953
0.429
1989
1989
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Larissa
Neptune
VII (7)
97± 3
73,548
0.555
1981/1989
1981/1989
Reitsema , Hubbard , Lebofsky , Tholen (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Proteus
Neptune
VIII (8)
210± 7
117,647
1.122
1989
1989
Synnott (Voyager 2 )
Inner moon
[ 16] [ 17]
Halimede
Neptune
IX (9)
31
15,728,000
1,879.71 (r)
2002
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Grav , Fraser , Milisavljevic
Retrograde irregular
[ 16] [ 17]
Psamathe
Neptune
X (10)
20
46,695,000
9,115.91 (r)
2003
2003
Jewitt , Kleyna , Sheppard , Holman , Kavelaars
Retrograde irregular (Neso)
[ 16] [ 17]
Sao
Neptune
XI (11)
22
22,422,000
2,914.07
2002
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Grav , Fraser , Milisavljevic
Prograde irregular (Sao)
[ 16] [ 17]
Laomedeia
Neptune
XII (12)
21
23,571,000
3,167.85
2002
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Grav , Fraser , Milisavljevic
Prograde irregular (Sao)
[ 16] [ 17]
Neso
Neptune
XIII (13)
30
48,387,000
9,740.73 (r)
2002
2003
Holman , Kavelaars , Grav , Fraser , Milisavljevic
Retrograde irregular (Neso)
[ 16] [ 17]
Hippocamp
Neptune
XIV (14)
17.4
105,283
0.9362
2004/2013
2013
Showalter et al.
Inner moon
[ 146]
S/2002 N 5
Neptune
—
19
23,365,200
3,141.26
2002
2024
Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser
Prograde irregular (Sao)
[ 147]
S/2021 N 1
Neptune
—
12.5
50,623,600
10,017.93 (r)
2021
2024
Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo, Lykawka
Retrograde irregular (Neso)
[ 148]
Vanth
Orcus
I (1)
221± 5
9,000± 9
9.539
2005
2007
Brown & Suer
Synchronous rotation (Binary )
[ 149]
Charon
Pluto
I (1)
606± 0.5
19,591
6.387
1978
1978
Christy
Synchronous rotation (Binary )
[ 16] [ 17]
Nix
Pluto
II (2)
22.5
48,671
24.85
2005
2005
Weaver , Stern , Buie , et al.
Chaotic rotation
[ 16] [ 17]
Hydra
Pluto
III (3)
27.5
64,698
38.20
2005
2005
Weaver , Stern , Buie , et al.
Chaotic rotation
[ 16] [ 17]
Kerberos
Pluto
IV (4)
7
57,729
32.17
2011
2011
Showalter (Hubble )
Chaotic rotation
[ 16] [ 17] [ 150] [ 151]
Styx
Pluto
V (5)
5.5
42,393
20.16
2012
2012
Showalter (Hubble )
Chaotic rotation
[ 16] [ 17] [ 152]
Hiʻiaka
Haumea
I (1)
≈160
49,880
49.12
2005
2005
Brown et al.
assuming a chaotic rotation
[ 8] [ 153] [ 154]
Namaka
Haumea
II (2)
≈85
25,657
18.2783
2005
2005
Brown et al.
assuming a chaotic rotation
[ 8] [ 153] [ 154]
Weywot
Quaoar
I (1)
40.5± 5.5[ 155]
14,500± 800
12.438
2006
2007
Brown
Binary system
[ 155] [ 156]
S/2015 (136472) 1
Makemake
—
≈87.5
>21,000
>12.4
2015
2016
Parker et al.
[ 157] [ 158]
Xiangliu
Gonggong
I (1)
<100[ 159]
24,020± 200
25.221
2010
2016
Marton, Kiss & Müller
assuming a prograde orbit
[ 159]
Dysnomia
Eris
I (1)
350± 60[ 7]
37,273± 64
15.786
2005
2005
Brown , Rabinowitz , Trujillo et al.
Synchronous rotation (Binary )
[ 160]
See also
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