List of emballonurids

Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata)

Emballonuridae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this family is called a emballonurid, a sheath-tailed bat, or a sac-winged bat. They are found in all continents besides Europe and Antarctica, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in shrublands, savannas, rocky areas, or deserts. They range in size from the Amazonian sac-winged bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Pel's pouched bat, at 14 cm (6 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, emballonurids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) to 10 cm (4 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders, and occasionally fruit.^[1] Almost no emballonurid have population estimates, though three species—the Pacific sheath-tailed bat, Antioquian sac-winged bat, and Hildegarde's tomb bat—are categorized as endangered species, and one species—the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat—is categorized as critically endangered with a population as low as 50.

The 55 extant species of Emballonuridae are divided between two subfamilies: Emballonurinae and Taphozoinae. Emballonurinae contains 37 species in 12 genera, and Taphozoinae contains 18 species in 2 genera. A few extinct prehistoric emballonurid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.^[2]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (3 species)
VU	Vulnerable (3 species)
NT	Near threatened (2 species)
LC	Least concern (38 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (7 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the emballonurid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

The family Emballonuridae consists of two subfamilies: Emballonurinae, containing 37 species divided into 12 genera, and Taphozoinae, which contains 18 species in 2 genera.

Family Emballonuridae

• Subfamily Emballonurinae
  • Genus Balantiopteryx (sac-winged bats): three species
  • Genus Centronycteris (shaggy bats): two species
  • Genus Coleura (sheath-tailed bats): three species
  • Genus Cormura (chestnut sac-winged bat): one species
  • Genus Cyttarops (short-eared bat): one species
  • Genus Diclidurus (ghost bats): four species
  • Genus Emballonura (sheath-tailed bats): eight species
  • Genus Mosia (dark sheath-tailed bat): one species
  • Genus Paremballonura (false sheath-tailed bats): two species
  • Genus Peropteryx (dog-like bats): five species
  • Genus Rhynchonycteris (proboscis bat): one species
  • Genus Saccopteryx (sac-winged bats): five species
• Subfamily Taphozoinae
  • Genus Saccolaimus (pouched bats): four species
  • Genus Taphozous (tomb bats): fourteen species

Emballonurids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.^[3]

Subfamily Emballonurinae

Main article: Emballonurinae

Genus Balantiopteryx – Peters, 1867 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ecuadorian sac-winged bat	B. infusca (Thomas, 1897)	Colombia and Ecuador	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[5]	VU  Unknown [5]
Gray sac-winged bat	B. plicata Peters, 1867 Two subspecies B. p. pallida B. p. plicata	Mexico and Central America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[6]	LC  Unknown [6]
Thomas's sac-winged bat	B. io Thomas, 1904	Mexico and Central America	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Caves and forest[7]	VU  Unknown [7]

Genus Centronycteris – Gray, 1838 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Shaggy bat	C. maximiliani J. B. Fischer, 1829	Northern and eastern South America	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[9]	LC  Unknown [9]
Thomas's shaggy bat	C. centralis Thomas, 1912	Mexico, Central America, and northern South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[10]	LC  Unknown [10]

Genus Coleura – Peters, 1867 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African sheath-tailed bat	C. afra (Peters, 1852)	Scattered Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Desert, caves, shrubland, savanna, and forest[11]	LC  Unknown [11]
Madagascar sheath-tailed bat	C. kibomalandy Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012	Madagascar	Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[12]	DD  Unknown [12]
Seychelles sheath-tailed bat	C. seychellensis (Peters, 1868) Two subspecies C. s. seychellensis C. s. silhouettae	Seychelles	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus unknown tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves[13]	CR  50–100 [13]

Genus Cormura – Peters, 1867 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chestnut sac-winged bat	C. brevirostris (Wagner, 1843)	Central America and northern South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[14]	LC  Unknown [14]

Genus Cyttarops – Thomas, 1913 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Short-eared bat	C. alecto Thomas, 1913	Central America and northern South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[15]	LC  Unknown [15]

Genus Diclidurus – Wied-Neuwied, 1820 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater ghost bat	D. ingens Hernandez-Camacho, 1955	Northern South America	Size: About 8 cm (3 in), plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[16]	DD  Unknown [16]
Isabelle's ghost bat	D. isabellus Thomas, 1920	Northern South America	Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail about 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[17]	LC  Unknown [17]
Lesser ghost bat	D. scutatus Peters, 1869	Northern South America	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[18]	LC  Unknown [18]
Northern ghost bat	D. albus Wied-Neuwied, 1820 Two subspecies D. a. albus D. a. virgo	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–8 cm (0.4–3.1 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest[19]	LC  Unknown [19]

Genus Emballonura – Temminck, 1838 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Beccari's sheath-tailed bat	E. beccarii Peters & Doria, 1881 Three subspecies E. b. beccarii E. b. clavium E. b. meeki	Indonesia and Papua New Guinea	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[21]	LC  Unknown [21]
Greater sheath-tailed bat	E. furax Thomas, 1911	Indonesia and Papua New Guinea	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[22]	LC  Unknown [22]
Large-eared sheath-tailed bat	E. dianae Hill, 1956 Three subspecies E. d. dianae E. d. fruhstorferi E. d. rickwoodi	Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[23]	LC  Unknown [23]
Lesser sheath-tailed bat	E. monticola Temminck, 1838	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[24]	LC  Unknown [24]
Pacific sheath-tailed bat	E. semicaudata Peale, 1848 Four subspecies E. s. palauensis E. s. rotensis E. s. semicaudata E. s. sulcata	Polynesia and Micronesia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus unknown tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[25]	EN  Unknown [25]
Raffray's sheath-tailed bat	E. raffrayana Dobson, 1879 Three subspecies E. r. cor E. r. raffrayana E. r. stresemanni	Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands	Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Caves and forest[26]	LC  Unknown [26]
Seri's sheath-tailed bat	E. serii Flannery, 1994	Indonesia and Papua New Guinea	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[27]	VU  Unknown [27]
Small Asian sheath-tailed bat	E. alecto (Eydoux & Gervais, 1836) Four subspecies E. a. alecto E. a. anambensis E. a. palawanensis E. a. rivalis	Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[28]	LC  Unknown [28]

Genus Mosia – Gray, 1843 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dark sheath-tailed bat	M. nigrescens Gray, 1843 Three subspecies M. n. nigrescens M. n. papuana M. n. solomonis	Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[29]	LC  Unknown [29]

Genus Paremballonura – Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Peters's sheath-tailed bat	P. atrata Peters, 1874	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[30]	LC  Unknown [30]
Western sheath-tailed bat	P. tiavato (Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell, & Yoder, 2006)	Western Madagascar	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[31]	LC  Unknown [31]

Genus Peropteryx – Peters, 1867 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater dog-like bat	P. kappleri Peters, 1867 Two subspecies P. k. intermedia P. k. kappleri	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[32]	LC  Unknown [32]
Lesser dog-like bat	P. macrotis Wagner, 1843	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[33]	LC  Unknown [33]
Pale-winged dog-like bat	P. pallidoptera Lim, Engstrom, Reid, Simmons, Voss, & Fleck, 2010	Northwestern South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[34]	DD  Unknown [34]
Trinidad dog-like bat	P. trinitatis Miller, 1899 Two subspecies P. t. phaea P. t. trinitatis	Northeastern South America	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4] Habitat: Forest and caves[35]	DD  Unknown [35]
White-winged dog-like bat	P. leucoptera Peters, 1867 Two subspecies P. l. cyclops P. l. leucoptera	Northern South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[36]	LC  Unknown [36]

Genus Rhynchonycteris – Peters, 1867 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Proboscis bat	R. naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[37]	LC  Unknown [37]

Genus Saccopteryx – Illiger, 1811 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian sac-winged bat	S. gymnura Thomas, 1901	Northern South America	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[38]	DD  Unknown [38]
Antioquian sac-winged bat	S. antioquensis Muñoz & Cuartas, 2001	Colombia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[39]	EN  Unknown [39]
Frosted sac-winged bat	S. canescens Thomas, 1901 Two subspecies S. c. canescens S. c. pumila	Northern South America	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[40]	LC  Unknown [40]
Greater sac-winged bat	S. bilineata (Temminck, 1838)	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest and caves[41]	LC  Unknown [41]
Lesser sac-winged bat	S. leptura Schreber, 1774	Mexico, Central America, and South America	Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[8] Habitat: Forest[42]	LC  Unknown [42]

Subfamily Taphozoinae

Main article: Taphozoinae

Genus Saccolaimus – Temminck, 1838 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Naked-rumped pouched bat	S. saccolaimus Temminck, 1838 Five subspecies S. s. affinis S. s. crassus S. s. nudicluniatus S. s. pluto S. s. saccolaimus	Southern and southeastern Asia and northern Australia	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[43]	LC  Unknown [43]
Papuan sheath-tailed bat	S. mixtus Troughton, 1925	Southern New Guinea and northern Australia	Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[44]	NT  Unknown [44]
Pel's pouched bat	S. peli Temminck, 1853	Western and central Africa	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 8–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest[45]	LC  Unknown [45]
Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat	S. flaviventris Peters, 1867	Australia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[46]	LC  Unknown [46]

Genus Taphozous – Geoffroy, 1818 – fourteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Arnhem sheath-tailed bat	T. kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979	Northwestern Australia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[47]	LC  Unknown [47]
Black-bearded tomb bat	T. melanopogon Temminck, 1841 Five subspecies T. m. bicolor T. m. cavaticus T. m. fretensis T. m. melanopogon T. m. phillipinensis	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[48]	LC  Unknown [48]
Coastal sheath-tailed bat	T. australis Gould, 1854	Northern Australia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, caves, and coastal marine[49]	NT  9,000–10,000 [49]
Common sheath-tailed bat	T. georgianus Thomas, 1915	Northern and northwestern Australia	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[50]	LC  Unknown [50]
Egyptian tomb bat	T. perforatus Geoffroy, 1818 Four subspecies T. p. haedinus T. p. perforatus T. p. senegalensis T. p. sudani	Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna and inland wetlands[51]	LC  Unknown [51]
Hamilton's tomb bat	T. hamiltoni Thomas, 1920	Central Africa	Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna and unknown[52]	DD  Unknown [52]
Hildegarde's tomb bat	T. hildegardeae Thomas, 1909	Kenya and Tanzania	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[53]	EN  Unknown [53]
Hill's sheath-tailed bat	T. hilli Kitchener, 1980	Australia	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert[54]	LC  Unknown [54]
Indonesian tomb bat	T. achates Thomas, 1915 Two subspecies T. a. achates T. a. minor	Indonesia	Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[55]	DD  Unknown [55]
Long-winged tomb bat	T. longimanus Hardwicke, 1825 Four subspecies T. l. albipinnis T. l. kampenii T. l. leucopleurus T. l. longimanus	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves[56]	LC  Unknown [56]
Mauritian tomb bat	T. mauritianus Geoffroy, 1818	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas[57]	LC  Unknown [57]
Naked-rumped tomb bat	T. nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830 Five subspecies T. n. kachhensis T. n. magnus T. n. nudaster T. n. nudiventris T. n. zayidi	Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, caves, and desert[58]	LC  Unknown [58]
Theobald's tomb bat	T. theobaldi Dobson, 1872 Two subspecies T. t. secatus T. t. theobaldi	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Forest and caves[59]	LC  Unknown [59]
Troughton's sheath-tailed bat	T. troughtoni Tate, 1952	Northeastern Australia	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length[20] Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[60]	LC  Unknown [60]

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15. Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Cyttarops alecto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6206A22022820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6206A22022820.en.
16. Lim, B.; Velazco, P.; Mantilla-Meluk, H. (2016). "Diclidurus ingens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6562A21986793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6562A21986793.en.
17. Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Diclidurus isabella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6563A21986404. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T6563A21986404.en.
18. Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Diclidurus scutatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6564A21986499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6564A21986499.en.
19. Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Diclidurus albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T6561A21986615. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6561A21986615.en.
20. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 484–485
21. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Emballonura beccarii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7672A209521847. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7672A209521847.en.
22. Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Emballonura furax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7667A209536771. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7667A209536771.en.
23. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Emballonura dianae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7673A209522232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7673A209522232.en.
24. Bates, P. J. J.; Francis, C. M.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Emballonura monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7674A22134864. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7674A22134864.en.
25. Waldien, D. L.; Scanlon, A. (2021). "Emballonura semicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7669A22135085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7669A22135085.en.
26. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Emballonura raffrayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7668A209522673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7668A209522673.en.
27. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Emballonura serii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41528A209523175. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T41528A209523175.en.
28. Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Emballonura alecto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T7670A209548087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7670A209548087.en.
29. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mosia nigrescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T13904A209523725. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13904A209523725.en.
30. Monadjem, A.; Cardiff, S. G.; Rakotoarivelo, A. R.; Jenkins, R. K. B.; Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. (2017). "Paremballonura atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T7671A22135427. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T7671A22135427.en.
31. Monadjem, A.; Cardiff, S. G.; Rakotoarivelo, A. R.; Jenkins, R. K. B.; Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. (2017). "Paremballonura tiavato". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T136835A22040708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136835A22040708.en.
32. Davalos, L.; Molinari, J.; Miller, B.; Rodriguez, B. (2018). "Peropteryx kappleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T16707A22100544. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T16707A22100544.en.
33. Barquez, R.; Lim, B.; Rodriguez, B.; Miller, B.; Diaz, M. (2015). "Peropteryx macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T16709A22101100. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16709A22101100.en.
34. Solari, S. (2016). "Peropteryx pallidoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T85822291A85822446. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T85822291A85822446.en.
35. Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Peropteryx trinitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136790A22035534. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136790A22035534.en.
36. Solari, S. (2015). "Peropteryx leucoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T16708A22100830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16708A22100830.en.
37. Lim, B.; Miller, B. (2016). "Rhynchonycteris naso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19714A22010818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19714A22010818.en.
38. Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Saccopteryx gymnura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19806A22005356. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19806A22005356.en.
39. Solari, S. (2016). "Saccopteryx antioquensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136420A21985022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136420A21985022.en.
40. Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx canescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19805A22005456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19805A22005456.en.
41. Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx bilineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19804A22004716. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19804A22004716.en.
42. Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx leptura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19807A22005807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19807A22005807.en.
43. Lumsden, L. F. (2021) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Saccolaimus saccolaimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19802A209550074. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19802A209550074.en.
44. Armstrong, K. N.; Broken-brow, J.; Burbidge, A. H.; Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saccolaimus mixtus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19800A209535232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19800A209535232.en.
45. Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Hutson, A. M.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Saccolaimus peli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19801A22004557. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19801A22004557.en.
46. Armstrong, K. N.; Lumsden, L. F. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Saccolaimus flaviventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19799A209538418. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19799A209538418.en.
47. Armstrong, K. N.; Burbidge, A. H.; Milne, D. J.; Reardon, T. B.; Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Taphozous kapalgensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21458A209539248. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21458A209539248.en.
48. Phelps, K.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Helgen, K.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Balete, D. S.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous melanopogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21461A22110277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21461A22110277.en.
49. Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Taphozous australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21452A22112046. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21452A22112046.en.
50. Armstrong, K. N.; Reardon, T. B. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Taphozous georgianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21454A209538623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21454A209538623.en.
51. Monadjem, A.; Molur, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Kock, D.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2020) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Taphozous perforatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21463A166505490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T21463A166505490.en.
52. Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W. (2019). "Taphozous hamiltoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21455A22111838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21455A22111838.en.
53. Webala, P.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Musila, S. (2020). "Taphozous hildegardeae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21456A22111960. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T21456A22111960.en.
54. Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Taphozous hilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21457A209524440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21457A209524440.en.
55. Hutson, A. M.; Schlitter, D.; Kingston, T. (2016). "Taphozous achates". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21453A22111549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T21453A22111549.en.
56. Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous longimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21459A22111355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21459A22111355.en.
57. Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Mickleburgh, S.; Racey, P. A.; Hutson, A. M.; Ravino, J.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Taphozous mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21460A22111004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21460A22111004.en.
58. Monadjem, A.; Racey, P. A.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Fahr, J.; Palmeirim, J.; Benda, P.; Bates, P.; Aulagnier, S.; Bergmans, W.; Hutson, A. M.; Kock, D. (2017). "Taphozous nudiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21462A22109884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21462A22109884.en.
59. Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Walston, J. (2019). "Taphozous theobaldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21465A22109663. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21465A22109663.en.
60. Armstrong, K. N.; Reardon, T. B.; Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Burbidge, A. A. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Taphozous troughtoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21466A209539933. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21466A209539933.en.

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