List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding 'e' (-oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish ). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World )
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . (See List of words derived from toponyms .)
Planets
Continents
Entries in italics are continental regions (taking as reference the 7 continents model).
Subcontinental regions
Countries and nations
States, provinces, regions and territories
Australian states and territories
State/territory
Adjective
Demonym
colloquial
Australian Capital Territory
Canberran
Canberrans
"Inlanders", "Round Abouters", "Canberries", "Pollies",[ 1] "Ken Behrens"[ 2]
New South Wales
New South Welsh
New South Welshmen
"Waratahs", "Cockroaches", "Blues"
Northern Territory
Northern Territory
Northern Territorians, Territorians
"Top Enders", "Ex-pats"
Queensland
Queensland
Queenslanders
"Banana Benders", "Cane Toads", "Maroons"
South Australia
South Australian
South Australians
"Crow Eaters"
Tasmania
Tasmanian
Tasmanians
"Apple Eaters", "Taswegians", "Tazzies"
Victoria
Victorian
Victorians
"Vics", "Mexicans"
Western Australia
Western Australian
Western Australians
"Sandgropers", "Westralians"
Brazilian states
Canadian provinces and territories
Province or Territory
Adjective
Demonym
Colloquial
Alberta (Province )
Albertan
Albertans
'Bertans
British Columbia (Province)
British Columbian, BC[ 3]
British Columbians
B.C.ers
Manitoba (Province)
Manitoban
ManitobansFrench : Manitobains m. , Manitobaines f.
Tobans
New Brunswick (Province)
New Brunswick
New BrunswickersFrench: Néo-Brunswickois m. , Néo-Brunswickoises f.
Herring Chokers
Newfoundland and Labrador (Province)
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundlanders, Labradorians
Newfies/Newfs[ 3]
Northwest Territories (Territory )
Northwest Territorian, NWT (also N.W.T.)[ 3]
Northwest Territorians
Nova Scotia (Province)
Nova Scotian
Nova ScotiansFrench: Néo-Écossais m. , Néo-Écossaises f.
Bluenoses , Bluenosers[ 3]
Nunavut (Territory)
Nunavut
Nunavummiut (Nunavummiuq sing. )
Ontario (Province)
Ontario
OntariansFrench: Ontariens m. , Ontariennes f.
Prince Edward Island (Province)
Prince Edward Island, PEI,[ 3] Island
Prince Edward Islanders, IslandersFrench: Prince-Édouardiens
Quebec (Province)
QuebecFrench : québécois m. , québécoise f.
Quebecers, Quebeckers, Québécois , Québécoise[ 3] French: Québécois m. , Québécoises f.
French: habitants, canadiens, canadien-francais
Saskatchewan (Province)
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewanians
Flat-landers
Yukon (Territory)
Yukon
Yukoners
Sourdoughs
Federated states and other territories of Germany
Indian states and territories
State or territory
Adjective
Demonym
colloquial
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andamanese [ 4] Nicobarese [ 4]
Andamanese Nicobarese
Andhra Pradesh
Andhrulu
Andhraites, Andhrites, Andhra Pradeshis, Andhrulu
Teluguvaaru
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachali
Arunachalis
Assam
Assamese [ 4]
Assamese
Bihar
Bihari [ 4]
Biharis
Chandigarh
Chandigarhi
Chandigarhis
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarhi
Chhattisgarhis
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Dadran Nagar Havelian Damanese Diuese
Dadran Nagar Havelian Damanese Diuese
Delhi
Delhiite, Delhian
Delhiites, Delhians
Goa
Goan,[ 4]
Goans , Goenkars
Gujarat
Gujarati [ 4]
Gujaratis
Haryana
Haryanvi
Haryanvis
–
Himachal Pradesh
Himachali
Himachalis
Jammu and Kashmir
JammuKashmiri [ 4]
JammuiteKashmiris
–
Jharkhand
Jharkhandi
Jharkhandis
Karnataka
Karnatakan, Canarese [ 4]
Karnatakans, Canarese, Kannadiga
Kannadiga
Kerala
Keralite
Keralites , Malayalis
Malayali
Ladakh
Ladakhi
Ladakhi
Lakshadweep (Laccadives)
Laccadivian
Laccadivians
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradeshi
Madhya Pradeshis
Maharashtra
Maharashtrian[ 4]
Maharashtrians
Marathi
Manipur
Manipuri[ 4]
Manipuris
Meiteis
Meghalaya
Meghalayan
Meghalayans
Mizoram
Mizo [ 4]
Mizos
Nagaland
Naga ,[ 4] Nagalandese
Nagas , Nagalanders
Odisha
Odia [ 4] (Odia) [of the people] Odishan (Orissan) [of the state] Odissi (Orissi)[ 4]
Odias (Odias) Odishans (Orissans)
–
Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry)
Pondicherrian
Pondicherrians
–
Punjab
Punjabi [ 4]
Punjabis
Rajasthan
Rajasthani [ 4]
Rajasthanis
Sikkim
Sikkimese [ 4]
Sikkimese
Tamil Nadu
Tamil ,[ 4] Tamilian
Tamils , Tamilians
Tamizhan
Telangana
Telanganite
Telanganites
Teluguvaaru
Tripura
Tripuri , Tripuran
Tripuris , Tripurans
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradeshi
Uttar Pradeshis
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhandi
Uttarakhandis
West Bengal
(West) Bengali ,[ 4] (West) Bengalese (archaic)[ 4]
(West) Bengalis
Bangladeshi divisions
Malaysian states and territories
States of Mexico
Regions of New Zealand
Region/Island
Adjective
Demonym
colloquial
Auckland Region
Auckland
Aucklanders
"Jafas "
Bay of Plenty Region
Bay of Plenty
Bay of Plentiers[ 5]
"BOPians" [citation needed ]
Canterbury Region
Canterbury
Cantabrians
"Cantabs"
Gisborne Region
Gisborne, East Coast
Gisbornians,[ 5] East Coasters
Hawke's Bay Region
Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bayers
Manawatū-Whanganui Region
Manawatū-Whanganui, Manawatu, Wanganui
Manawatū-Whanganuians, Manawatuans, Whanganuians
Marlborough Region
Marlborough
Marlburians
Nelson Region
Nelsonian
Nelsonians
Northland Region
Northland
Northlanders
Otago Region
Otago
Otagoites,[ 5] Otagoans
Southland Region
Southland
Southlanders
Taranaki Region
Taranaki
Taranakians
"'Nakians"
Tasman Region
Tasman
Tasmanites
Waikato Region
Waikato
Waikatoans
"Mooloos"[ 6]
Wellington Region
Wellington, Wellingtonian
Wellingtonians
West Coast Region
West Coast
West Coasters
"Coasters"
North Island
North Island
North Islanders
South Island
South Island / Mainland
South Islanders
"Mainlanders"
Stewart Island
Stewart Island, Rakiuran
Stewart Islanders, Rakiurans
Chatham Islands
Chatham
Chatham Islanders
Philippine provinces
U.S. states
Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity
Regions tracing their origins (or otherwise referenced ) in Greco-Roman antiquity [in cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form].
(References: Herodotus ' "Histories"; Thucydides ' "Peloponnesian War"; Pausanias ' "Description of Greece"; Lemprière 's Bibliotheca Classica ; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)
Name
Adjective
Demonym
colloquial
Acarnania
Acarnanian
Acarnanians
Achaea
Achaean
Achaeans
Aegina
Aeginetan
Aeginetans
Aethaea
Aethaean
Aethaeans
Aetolia
Aetolian
Aetolians
Andalusia
Andalusian
Andalusians
Apulia
Apulian
Apulians
Aquitania
Aquitanian
Aquitanians
Arcadia
Arcadian
Arcadians
Argos
Argive
Argives
Arretium
Arretine
Arretines
Athens
Athenian
Athenians
Bactria, Bactriana
Bactrian
Bactrians
Bavaria
Bavarian
Bavarians
Boeotia
Boeotian, Beotian
Boeotians, Beotians
Boiohaemum
Boius
Boii
Bosporus, Bosphorus
Bosporan, Bosphoran
Bosporans, Bosphorans
Bruttium
(Bruttus ?), Bruttian
Brutti, Bruttians
Byzantium
Byzantine
Byzantines
Calabria
Calabrian
Calabrians
Campania
Campanian
Campanians
Cantabria
Cantabrian
Cantabrians
Caria
Carian
Carians
Carthage
Carthaginian
Carthaginians
Carystus
Carystian
Carystians
Catalonia
Catalan, Catalonian
Catalans, Catalonians
Cephalonia
Cephalonian
Cephalonians
Chalcis
Chalcidian
Chalcidians
Chios
Chiot
Chiots
Colchis
Colchian
Colchians
Colossae
Colossian
Colossians
Consentia
Consentian
Consentians
Corcyra
Corcyrean
Corcyreans
Corsica
Corsican
Corsicans
Crete
Cretan
Cretans
Croton
Crotonian
Crotonians
Cyclades
Cycladian
Cycladians
Cyprus
Cypriot, Cypriote
Cypriots, Cypriotes
Cyrenaica
Cyrenaic
Cyrenaics
Cyrene
Cyrenian
Cyrenians
Dacia
Dacian
Dacians
Dalmatia
Dalmatian
Dalmatians
Delos
Delian
Delians
Dodecanese
Dodecanesian
Dodecanesians
Edonia
Edonian
Edonians
Egesta
Egestan
Egestans
Eleusina or Eleusis
Eleusian, Eleusinian
Eleusians, Eleusinians
Elis or Eleia
Elian
Elians
Ephesus
Ephesian
Ephesians
Epidamnus or Epidamnos
Epidamnian
Epidamnians
Epidaurus
Epidaurian
Epidaurians
Epirus
Epirote
Epirotes
Eretria
Eretrian
Eretrians
Etruria
Etrurian, Etruscan
Etruscans
Euboea
Euboean
Euboeans
Galatia
Galatian
Galatians
Gallaecia
Gallaecus
Gallaeci
Gallia or Gaul
Gaulish
Gauls
Germania
Germanic, Germanus
Germanic, Germani
Iberia
Iberian
Iberians
Illyria
Illyrian
Illyrians
Ionia
Ionian
Ionians
Kalymnos
Kalymnian
Kalymnians
Kaulonia
Kaulonian
Kaulonians
Knossos
Knossian
Knossians
Lakedaimon/ia or Lakedaemon/ia
Lakedaimonian or Lakedaemonian
Lakedaimonians or Lakedaemonians
Larissa
Larissan
Larissans
Latium
Latin
Latins
Leontini, Leontium
Leontinian
Leontinians
Lesbos
Lesbian
Lesbians
Locris
Locrian
Locrians
Lucania
Lucanian
Lucanians
Lydia
Lydian
Lydians
Macedonia
Macedonian
Macedonians
Maeonia
Maeonian
Maeonians
Mantineia
Mantinean
Mantineans
Marathon
Marathonian
Marathonians
Media
Median
Medes, Medians
Megara
Megarian
Megarians
Melite
Melitian
Melitians
Melos
Melian
Melians
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamian
Mesopotamians
Messenia
Messenian
Messenians
Miletus
Milesian
Milesians
Mithymna or Methymna
Methymnian
Methymnians
Moravia
Moravian
Moravians
Mycenae
Mycenaean
Mycenaeans
Mytilene
Mytilenean
Mytileneans
Naupactus or Nafpaktos
Naupactian
Naupactians
Naxos
Naxian
Naxians
Nisyros
Nisyrian
Nisyrians
Oea
Oean
Oeans
Olympia
Olympian
Olympians
Oiniades, Oiniadai
Oiniadan
Oiniadans
Orkney Islands
Orcadian
Orcadians
Paeonia or Paionia
Paeonian
Paeonians
Pamphylia
Pamphylian
Pamphylians
Paros
Parian
Parians
Patmos
Patmian
Patmians
Peloponnese
Peloponnesian
Peloponnesians
Pergamum
Pergamian
Pergamians
Persia
Persian
Persians
Philippi
Philippian
Philippians
Phlius
Phliasian
Phliasians
Phocis
Phocian
Phocians
Phoenicia
Phoenician
Phoenicians
Phrygia
Phrygian
Phrygians
Pisidia
Pisidian
Pisidians
Pontus
Pontian
Pontians
Pylos
Pylosian
Pylosians
Rhegion
Rhegian, Rhegine
Rhegians, Rhegines
Rhodes
Rhodian
Rhodians
Rhithymna, Rhithymnia, Rithymna
Rhithymnian
Rhithymnians
Rome
Roman
Romans
Sabinum
Sabine
Sabines
Salamis
Salaminian
Salaminians
Samnium
Samnite
Samnites
Samos
Samian
Samians
Sardinia
Sardinian, Sardi
Sardinians, Sardi
Sardis
Sardianus, Sardian
Sardiani, Sardians
Sarmatia
Sarmatian, Sarmata, or Sauromata
Sarmatians, Sarmatae, or Sauromatae
Scythia
Scytha, Scythian
Scythae, Scythians
Serrae, Serrhae
Serrean
Serreans
Serica
Sere
Seres
Sicily
Sicilian
Sicilians
Sicyon
Sicyonian
Sicyonian
Sidon, or Saïda
Sidonian
Sidonians
Silesia
Silesian
Silesians
Skopelos
Skopelitan
Skopelitans
Sparta
Spartan
Spartans
Suebia
Suebius
Suebi
Symi
Symian
Symians
Syracuse
Syracusan
Syracusans
Taras, Tarentum
Tarentine, Tarentumian
Tarentines, Tarentumians
Tegea
Tegean
Tegeans
Tenedos
Tenedian
Tenedians
Tenedos
Tenedian
Tenedians
Thasos
Thasian
Thasians
Thebes
Theban
Thebans
Thespis
Thespian
Thespians
Thessaly
Thessalian
Thessalians
Thrace
Thracian
Thracians
Thria
Thriasian
Thriasians
Thuria
Thuriat
Thuriats
Thurii
Thurian
Thurians
Thynia
Thynian
Thynians
Trichonos
Trichonian
Trichonians
Troezen
Troezenian
Troezenians
Troy
Trojan
Trojans
Umbria
Umbrian
Umbrians
Xanthi
Xanthian
Xanthians
Zakynthos
Zakynthian
Zakynthians
Ancient civilizations , former colonies , renamed countries and regions, annexations , secessions , etc. (other than Greco-Roman, which see above ).
Fictional regions
Counties
Ireland
United Kingdom
Cities
See also
Demonym
List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
References
^ Pollie is a colloquial word for politician
^ "Mitch made an innocuous typo at work. From it, a legend was born" . ABC News . 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-08-26 .
^ a b c d e f Katherine Barber , ed. (2004). Canadian Oxford Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press . ISBN 0-19-541816-6 . OL 18257035M . Wikidata Q104096047 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Oxford English Dictionary . Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.
^ a b c Kenny, Lee (17 September 2018). " 'Awkward' Christchurch without its own nickname" . Stuff . Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2023 . Many New Zealand demonyms have been created by adding ‑er, such as Bay of Plentiers, or by adding ‑ians, such as Gisbornians. In fewer cases ‑ites is used, such as Otagoites.
^ "Mooloo" . Collins Online Dictionary . Retrieved 6 November 2023 .
^ Baum, L. Frank (1908). Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz . United States: Reilly & Britton. p. 272.
^ Awdry, W V ; Awdry, G E V (1986). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways . United Kingdom: Kaye and Ward. p. 16. ISBN 0434927627 .
External links