Indiana National Historic Landmarks (clickable map)
National Historic Landmarks in Indiana represent Indiana's history from the Native American era to its early European settlers and motor racing. There are 44 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in the state,[1] which are located in 23 of its 92 counties. They illustrate the state's industrial and architectural heritage, as well as battles, circuses, education, and several other topics. One of the NHLs in the state has military significance, fourteen are significant examples of different architectural styles, nine are associated with significant historical figures, and one is an archaeological site. Two NHL properties, both ships that were formerly located in Indiana, were later moved to another state.[2]
The National Historic Landmark Program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process.[3] The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation.[4] Both public and privately owned properties can be designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means.[3] Owners may object to the nomination of the property as an NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation.[4]
All NHLs are also included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), a list of historic properties that the National Park Service deems to be worthy of preservation. The primary difference between an NHL and a NRHP listing is that the NHLs are determined to have national significance, while other NRHP properties are deemed significant at the local or state level.[3] The NHLs in Indiana comprise approximately 2% of the 1,656 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana as of December 2009. The landmarks are among the most important nationally recognized historic sites in the state; the George Rogers Clark National Historical Park is one other site that has high designation by the Federal government.
Marion County, the location of the state capital of Indianapolis, has the most NHLs (9), followed by Bartholomew County (7), and Jefferson County (4). Twenty counties have one, while the other 69 counties of Indiana have none. Indiana's first NHL was designated on October 9, 1960. Architects who designed multiple Indiana NHLs are Francis Costigan, William Dentzel, and Eero Saarinen.
This house is a rare surviving example of a treaty house. Built as part of the terms of the 1826 Treaty of Mississinewas between the Miami and the United States, it is associated with Pinšiwa, the akima (civil chief) of the Miami.[7]
From AD 1000 to 1600, a town on this site was home to people of the Middle Mississippian culture. They built many mounds at this 100-acre (0.40 km2) community.[10]
Home of the Normal College of the North American Gymnastic Union for 63 years and the nation’s oldest, continuously active school of physical education.[11]
The three buildings of the Auburn, Cord, and Duesenberg automobile manufacturing facility represent different stages in automotive development and construction. It is one of the few remaining automobile companies that made hand-assembled rather than mass-produced automobiles. The site includes the Art Deco showroom and administration building, service and new parts department building, and the Cord L-29 building.[12]
Joseph Bailly acquired the Homestead and surrounding lands in 1822 when the Calumet was opened to white settlement. He established a trading post that was a meeting place for both Indians and whites and a stopping place for travelers and missionaries. It is now at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.[13]
Located at Butler University and now called Hinkle Fieldhouse, it is the sixth-oldest basketball arena still used and was once the largest in the United States. It hosted the Indiana high school basketball tournament until 1971.[16]
The Cannelton mill, overlooking the Ohio River, manufactured thread and cloth for over 100 years from 1851 to 1954. Its innovative design used steam power and Southern cotton, and its utility and aesthetics attempted to make Southern Indiana an industrial center.[17]
Levi Coffin lived in this house from 1827 to 1847, where he helped as many as 2,000 slaves escape to freedom. The house was known as the Union Depot of the Underground Railroad, and it contained secret doors that could hide fugitives.[18]
Founded in 1848 by abolitionist Baptist Church members, Eleutherian College was the first college in Indiana to admit students regardless of race or gender. The Chapel building was completed in 1854 and is the last structure remaining.[20]
Located above the Ohio River, Hillforest was built in 1855 in the Italian Renaissance architectural style. Designed by Isaiah Rogers, its full-width frontal porch is reminiscent of a steamboat's deck.[24]
Grouseland was the home of William Henry Harrison from 1804 to 1812, while he was Governor of the Indiana Territory. He held conferences there with Native Americans, including Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Harrison later became the 9th President, serving one month in 1841.[25]
Benjamin Harrison lived in this Italianate house from 1875 until his death there in 1901, except from 1889 to 1893 while he was the 23rd President. He was also a Senator from Indiana from 1881 to 1887. Harrison accepted the Republican nomination for the Presidential election in 1888 and conducted his Front Porch Campaign here.[26]
The Indiana World War Memorial, begun in 1926 and finished in 1965, is a building commemorating World War I and II veterans. It is 210 feet (64 m) tall, made of Indiana limestone, and based on the Mausoleum of Mausolus. Within it is a military museum. The Plaza also includes the American Legion headquarters, Cenotaph square, an obelisk, and fountains.[27] Originally "Indiana World War Memorial Plaza Historic District", it was enlarged and renamed in December 2016.[28]
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway is home to the Indianapolis 500, first held in 1911. The track, built in 1909, is the world's oldest continuously operating automobile race course. The 500 is the largest single-day sporting event in the world in terms of attendance, and with seating of over 250,000, it is also the world's largest sporting facility.[29]
Designed by Eero Saarinen in 1954, the Irwin Bank is meant to be welcoming, being the first open bank with glass walls. It has a Miesian glass pavilion and influenced subsequent bank designs.[30]
Banker and international financier James Lanier lived in this home, built in the early 1840s, for seven years. It is an example of Greek Revival style from architect Francis Costigan and is now a museum.[31]
The 16th US PresidentAbraham Lincoln grew up here from 1816 to 1830. The site features the foundation of the original cabin, a replica farm house, the gravesite of Lincoln's mother Nancy Hanks Lincoln, and a memorial building.[32]
The Madison Historic District showcases architecture from 1817 to 1939, having many buildings in Federal, Greek Revival and Italianate styles. Infrastructure and houses remain from the 19th century, related to leaders of the Underground Railroad.[33]
Architect John Carl Warnecke designed this contextual work as part of the movement to improve the quality of life in Columbus through outstanding architecture. This school in the modern style contains five separate one-story buildings linked by landscaped courtyards and covered walkways. Four classroom buildings flank the central hub which contains the cafeteria and administration spaces. It has been converted to an adult education center.[34]
Completed in 1964, this was designed by Finnish architect Eero Saarinen. It has a hexagonal shape with an elevated hexagonal sanctuary in the center and pews surrounding the altar. From the roof rises a 192-foot (59 m) spire and cross, which represents Christianity arising from Judaism.[37]
Carriagemaker and founder of H & C Studebaker Company Clement Studebaker lived here from 1889 until his death in 1901. In the 1890s the company was the world's largest producer of horse-drawn vehicles. It later converted into an automobile manufacturer. The mansion was named Tippecanoe Place and has been turned into a restaurant.[43]
Completed in 1956, Samara is an outstanding and mature example of a Usonian house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright during his late period (1941-59). It is a remarkably complete Usonian design, incorporating more than 40 Wrightian design elements, including character-defining Usonian features such as modular design, indoor-outdoor connections, slab floor construction, flat roofs, and open-plan public spaces conducive to simple living for average middle-class families.[45]
Madam C. J. Walker founded a manufacturing company that produced hair care products and cosmetics for Black women, and it was the most successful Black business for years. Finished in 1927, the building also served as a community cultural center. It has since been restored and hosts many performing arts and educational programs.[48]
West Baden Springs has many natural mineral water springs. This hotel was built in 1902, and its 200-foot (61 m) glass dome was once the largest dome in the world.[50]
The Donald B. was built in 1923 and is the only 1920s unchanged diesel sternwheeltowboat left in the United States. It still operates towing barges in the Ohio River.[52] After years of being located near Vevay in Switzerland County, its home port was moved to Bellaire, Ohio in 2012.[53]
The Milwaukee Clipper was a museum ship at Navy Pier in Chicago, Illinois when declared an NHL. In 1990 it was moved to Hammond, Indiana and in 1997 moved to Muskegon, Michigan.[2]
^ abNumbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
^The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
^"Allen County Courthouse". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^Weiss, Francine. National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Angel Mounds. National Park Service, 1975-07, 11.
^"Angel Mounds". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 7, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Butler Fieldhouse". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Cannelton Cotton Mills". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Coffin, Levi, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Debs, Eugene V., Home". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"First Christian Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^Location derived from its GNIS feature record; the NRIS lists the site as "Address Restricted"
^"Harrison, Benjamin, Home". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Lanier Mansion". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Lincoln Boyhood Home". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Madison Historic District". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"North Christian Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Tippecanoe Battlefield". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Webster, Marie, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"West Baden Springs Hotel". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on December 27, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
^"Donald B. (Towboat)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
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