Lanistes

Lanistes
	Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Architaenioglossa
Family:	Ampullariidae
Subfamily:	Ampullariinae
Genus:	Lanistes; Montfort, 1810
Type species
	Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804).;
Diversity
	21 extant species; and at least 10 fossil species
Synonyms
	Ampullaria (Lanistes); Lanistes (Meladomus) Swainson, 1840; Lanistes (Plesiolanistes) Berthold, 1991; Lanistes (Prolanistes) Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 · accepted, alternate representation; Leroya Grandidier, 1887; Meladomus Swainson, 1840; Meladomus (Bolteniana) Bourguignat, 1889; Meladomus (Lanistes); Meladomus (Libyciana) Bourguignat, 1889; Meladomus (Meladomus) Swainson, 1840 (formerly used as subgenus of Lanistes); Meladomus (Nyassana) Bourguignat, 1889; Meladomus (Olivaceana) Bourguignat, 1889; Meladomus (Purpuriana) Bourguignat, 1889;

Lanistes is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.^[7]

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Lanistes includes Africa and Madagascar.^[3]

Description

Lanistes has a unique anatomy among the Ampullariidae: it has a "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell.^[8] This means that the body of the snail is dextral (as in all other ampullariids), but the shell appears to be sinistral.^[8] However the sinistral appearance stems from the fact that the rotation of the shell as it grows is in an upward direction rather than the usual downward direction.^[8]

Species

Three^[3] subgenera have been recognized, based on shell differences: Lanistes sensu stricto, Meladomus and Leroya. These subgenera are not used in recent works.^[3]

Extant species within the genus Lanistes include:

Lanistes alexandri (Bourguignat, 1889)^[3]
Lanistes ambiguus Martens, 1866
Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860)
Lanistes beseneckeri Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 †
Lanistes bicarinatus Germain, 1907^[3]
Lanistes bloyeti (Bourguignat, 1889)
Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798) - synonym: Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804)^[9]
Lanistes chaperi (Kobelt, 1912)
Lanistes ciliatus Martens, 1878^[2]^[3]
Lanistes congicus O. Boettger, 1891^[2]^[3]
Lanistes deguerryanus (Bourguignat, 1889)
Lanistes ellipticus Martens, 1866^[2]^[3]
Lanistes farleri Craven, 1880^[2]^[3]
Lanistes fultoni (Kobelt, 1912)
Lanistes grasseti (Morelet, 1863)^[3]
Lanistes graueri Thiele, 1911^[2]^[3]
Lanistes intortus Martens, 1877^[2]^[3]
Lanistes jouberti (Bourguignat, 1888)
Lanistes letourneuxi (Bourguignat, 1879)
Lanistes libycus (Morelet, 1848)^[2]^[3]
- Lanistes libycus var. albersi
- Lanistes libycus form bernardianus^[3] or as Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860)^[2]
Lanistes magnus Furtado, 1886
Lanistes nasutus Mandahl-Barth, 1972^[2]^[3]
Lanistes neavei Melvill & Standen, 1907^[2]^[3]
Lanistes neritoides Brown & Berthold, 1990^[2]^[3]
Lanistes nitidissimus (Bourguignat, 1889)
Lanistes nsendweensis (Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901)^[3]
Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865^[3]
Lanistes ovatus (Olivier, 1804)
Lanistes ovum Peters in Troschel, 1845^[3] - synonyms: Lanistes magnus Furtado; Lanistes olivaceus (Sowerby); Lanistes procerus; Lanistes elatior Martens, 1866; Lanistes ovum bangweolicus Haas, 1936; Lanistes connollyi Pain, 1954^[3] Lanistes ovum adansoni;^{[citation needed]} Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus^{[citation needed]}
Lanistes palustris (Morelet, 1864)
Lanistes pfeifferi (Bourguignat, 1879)
Lanistes pilsbryi Walker, 1925
Lanistes pseudoceratodes (Wenz, 1928)^[2]
Lanistes purpureus (Jonas, 1839)^[2]^[3]
Lanistes solidus Smith, 1877^[2]^[3]
Lanistes stuhlmanni Martens, 1897^[2]^[3]
Lanistes varicus (Müller, 1774) - synonyms: Lanistes adansoni Kobelt, 1911; Lanistes millestriatus Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927^[3]

Fossil species within the genus Lanistes include:

† Lanistes asellus van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes bishopi Gautier^[4]
† Lanistes gautieri van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes gigas van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes hadotoi van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes heynderycxi van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes nkondoensis van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes olukaensis^[4]
† Lanistes senuti van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]
† Lanistes trochiformis van Damme & Pickford, 1995^[4]

References

^ Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. Syst. 2: 122.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p "Lanistes". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k van Damme D. & Pickford M. (1995). "The late Cenozoic ampullariidae (mollusca, gastropoda) of the Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire)". Hydrobiologia 316(1): 1-32. doi:10.1007/BF00019372.
^ Grandidier (1887). Bull. Soc. malac. France 4: 191.
^ Swainson (1840). Treat. Malacol., page 340.
^ Bouchet, P.; Neubauer, Thomas A. (2015). Lanistes Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820447 on 2015-11-11
^ ^a ^b ^c "Shell". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
^ Bouchet, P. (2016). Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=843296 on 2017-06-06