The Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences (official name National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan) is the highest scientific organization of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Academy of Sciences was founded on 1 June 1946 on the basis of the Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The central office is located in Almaty. It is a state institution that joins active members (academicians), corresponding members, and leading scientists of Kazakhstan.[2]
The main activities of the Academy are scientific research, analysis and forecasting of the development of science, priorities of science development and scientific personnel training, support, formation, and coordination of scientific programs, promotion of international cooperation, innovation and investment in science-based development. Areas of research include earth sciences, mathematics, computer science, physics, remote sensing and space technologies, chemistry, new materials, biologically active substances, biochemistry and physiology of plants, botany, soil sciences, social sciences and humanities. The incumbent president (as of 2022) is Professor Murat Zhurinov.
History of Academy
The first scientific institutions appeared in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the 20th century. At the first stage, these were agricultural institutions that was conducting research on seed variety.[3]
Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences
The history of the Academy dates back to March 8, 1932, when the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, at the request of the government of the Kazakh ASSR, decided to organize a scientific base in Kazakhstan in Almaty. The new organization created in the same year included the zoological and botanical sectors.[4] In November 1938, the base was transformed into the Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (KazFAN of the USSR). This was the largest institution in the republic, which employed 100 scientists, including 3 doctors and 14 candidates of sciences - before the start of World War II.[5]
By the beginning of the 1940s, there were 12 universities, 11 research & development and design-technological organizations, 2 design institutes, 2 agricultural experimental stations, 6 factory research and design divisions, a botanical garden and a zoological park in the republic and the city of Almaty.[4]
The Academy of Sciences of the KazakhSSR
On October 26, 1945 a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was issued on the organization of the Academy of Sciences in Kazakhstan. Therefore the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was established on June 1, 1946 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and became the main science headquarter of the republic and the coordinator of scientific research works in Kazakhstan.[5] From the first years of its establishment, the National Academy of Sciences of the republic launched a broad study on the development of rich natural resources, which has made a significant contribution to the development of the productive forces of the country in solving the most important problems of an economic, social and spiritual development of Kazakhstan's society.[6]
In 1999, the Academy of Sciences was separated from the ministry, while all academic institutions remained part of the ministry. The Academy is a public association.
In 2003, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, The Academy was given the status of the Republican private association "National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan".[6]
From the late 1980s to 1999, the structure of the Academy of Sciences included five departments (by field of science) and one regional branch of the Academy of Sciences:
Department of Physical and Mathematical Science
Institute of Nuclear Physics
Institute of High Energy Physics
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute
Kamenskoe Plateau Observatory
Assy-Turgen observatory
Tien Shan Astronomical Observatory
Ionosphere Institute
Physical-Technical Institute
Institute of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
Institute of Space Research
Institute of Informatics and Control Problems
Department of Geological Sciences
Institute of Geological Sciences named after K. Satpayev
U. M. Ahmedsafin Institute of Hydrogeology and Geoecology
Institute of seismology
Institute of mining engineering
Institute of Geography
Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences
Institute of Metallurgy and Concentration
A. B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences
D. V. Sokolsky Institute of Organic Catalysis and Electrochemistry
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry and Natural Salts
Department of Biological Sciences
Institute of General Genetics and Cytology
Institute of Soil Science
Institute of Botany
Institute of Zoology
Institute of Microbiology and Virology
Institute of Experimental Biology
Institute of Physiology
Institute of M. Aitkhozhin Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
Main botanical garden
Scientific Center for Regional Nutrition Problems
Department of Social Sciences
Institute of Philosophy
Institute of State and Law
Institute of Economics
Institute of History and Ethnology named after Ch. Ch. Valikhanov
M. O. Auezov Institute of literature and art
Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics
Institute of Uigur science
A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archeology
Center of foreign economics
Center for Oriental Studies
Central Kazakhstani branch in Karaganda
Chemical and Metallurgical Institute
Institute of Organic Synthesis and Carbon Chemistry
Institute of Physiology and Labor Hygiene
Institute of Applied Mathematics
Institute for Problems of Integrated Subsoil Development
