Karamanli Turkish

Not to be confused with Old Anatolian Turkish.

Karamanlı Turkish
Karamanlıca - Karamanlı Türkçesi
Native to	Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Turkey
Ethnicity	Karamanlides
Era	19th century
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Oghuz Western Oghuz Turkish Karamanlı Turkish
Writing system	Greek
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	kara1469

An inscription in Karamanlı Turkish on the entrance of the former Greek Orthodox church of Agia Eleni in Sille, near Konya.

Karamanlidika inscription found on the door of a house in İncesu, Turkey

An inscription in Karamanli Turkish found on a tombstone in Elmalık, Yalova Province; it says ΤΕΚΕ ΟΓΛΟΥ ΧΑΤΖΙ ΓΙΑΝΙ ΓΙΠΤΙΡΑΝ 1910 'commissioned by Tekeoglou (or son of Teke) Hatzi Yani in 1910'.

Karamanli Turkish (Turkish: Karamanlı Türkçesi; Greek: Καραμανλήδικα, romanized: Karamanlídika) is an extinct dialect of the Turkish language spoken by the Karamanlides. Although the official Ottoman Turkish was written in the Arabic script, the Karamanlides used the Greek alphabet to write their form of Turkish. Karamanli Turkish had its own literary tradition and produced numerous published works in print during the 19th century, some of them published by the British and Foreign Bible Society as well as by Evangelinos Misailidis in the Anatoli or Misailidis publishing house.^[1][2]

Karamanli writers and speakers were expelled from Turkey as part of the Greek-Turkish population exchange in 1923. Some speakers preserved their language in the diaspora. The written form stopped being used immediately after Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet.

A fragment of a manuscript written in Karamanli was also found in the Cairo Geniza.^[3]

Orthography

The Karamanli Turkish alphabet^[4]

Greek letter	Latin equivalent	Pronunciation
Α	a	[a]
Π˙	b	[b]
ΔΖ	c	[d͡ʒ]
ΤΖ	ç	[t͡ʃ]
Δ/Τ˙	d	[d]
Ε	e	[e]
Φ	f	[f]
Γ	g	[g]
Γ/ΓΧ	ğ	[-/j]
Χ	h	[h]
Ι/Η	ı	[ɯ]
Ι	i	[i]
Κ/Ξ/ΧΧ˙	k	[k/c]
Λ	l	[l]
Μ	m	[m]
Ν	n	[n]
Ο	o	[o]
Ο˙/ΙΟ/Ω	ö	[ø]
Π	p	[p]
Ρ	r	[r]
Σ/Ξ	s	[s]
Σ˙	ş	[ʃ]
Τ/Θ	t	[t]
ΟΥ	u	[u]
ΟΥ˙	ü	[y]
Β	v	[v]
Γ	y	[j]
Ζ	z	[z]

Media

See also: Media in the Ottoman Empire

There was a Karamanli Turkish newspaper, Anatoli, published from 1850 to 1922,^[5] made by Evangelinos Misailidis. Other publications in Karamanli were Anatol Ahteri, Angeliaforos, Angeliaforos coçuklar içun, Şafak, and Terakki. The second and third were created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Demetrius Nicolaides also applied to make his own Karamanli publication, Asya ("Asia"), but was denied; he instead made an Ottoman Turkish newspaper called Servet. Evangelina Baltia and Ayșe Kavak, authors of "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century," wrote that they could find no information explaining why Nicolaides' proposal was turned down.^[6]

Works and translations in Karamanli Turkish

Books and translations

Up to 500 works of literature are thought to have been printed in Karamanli.^[2] One of the largest distributors of these works was the British and Foreign Bible Society which published numerous editions of the Old Testament and the New Testament.^[2] A Karamanli author named Anastasios Karakioulaphis translated Aristotle's Physiognomica from Greek to Karamanli.^[7] Other translations include Confucius' works and Xavier de Montepin's novels.^[2] A great deal of books and works in the Karamanli dialect are preserved in the Centre of Asia Minor Studies in Athens, Greece.^[8]

Inscriptions

Karamanli inscriptions have been found in many cemeteries in Turkey, most of them in Balıklı.^[2] Many of these inscriptions often talk about the humble origins of unimportant craftsmen from central Anatolia. According to historian Richard Clogg, these inscriptions offer a "glimpse of a long past world of Greek and Turkish symbiosis".^[2]

Sample text

"Kamayim vurdum yere" is a folk dance belonging to the Karamanlides & Turkish-speaking Cappadocian Greeks.

Lyrics

Καμαΐμ βουρντούμ γερέ

Κανληνήμ ντόλτου ντερέ

Αχ μεντίλ μεντίλ μεντίλ, γκάλντηρ κολλάρην μεντίλ

Χεπ σιοζλέρνιν μπιρ γιαλάντηρ

Γκιρ κογιουνουμά ινάντηρ.

Τσαγρήν ανάν μη γκέλσιν; Μπενίμ ακράμπαμ νερέ;

Καμά τσεκέριμ καμά

Μπιρ κηζ βερίν αρκαμά

Μπιρ κηζ μπανά τσοκ μουντούρ

Μα λενιζντέ γιοκ μου ντούρ.

Transliteration

Kamayim vurdum yere

Kanlınım doldu dere

Ah mendil mendil mendil galdır golların mendil

Hep sözlerin bir yalandır gir goynuma inandır.

Çağrın anan mı gelsin? Benim akrabam nere?

Kama çekerim kama

Bir kız verin arkama

Bir kız bana çok mudur

Ma’lenızde yök mu dur.^[9]

Sources

• Evangelia Balta, Karamanlı Yazınsal Mirasının Ocaklarında Madencilik, 2019, Yapı Kredi Yayınları. (in Turkish)
• —, 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlıca ve Karamanlıca Yayınlarda Ezop’un Hayatı ve Masalları (prep.), 2019, Libra Kitap.
• —, Karamanlıca Kitaplar Çözümlemeli Bibliyografya Cilt I: 1718-1839 (Karamanlıdıka Bibliographie Analytique Tome I: 1718-1839), 2018, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• —, Gerçi Rum İsek de, Rumca Bilmez Türkçe Sözleriz: Karamanlılar ve Karamanlıca Edebiyat Üzerine Araştırmalar, 2012, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.

References

1. Misailidis 1986, p. 134
2. Coumounduros, Mark (2021). "Karamanlides". In Speake, Graham (ed.). Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition. Routledge. p. 881. ISBN 978-1-135-94206-9.
3. Julia Krivoruchko Karamanli – a new language variety in the Genizah: T-S AS 215.255 http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/fotm/july-2012/index.html Archived 2016-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
4. "Karamanli Turkish language and alphabet". Omniglot. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
5. Michael, Michalis N.; Börte Sagaster; Theoharis Stavrides (2018-02-28). "Introduction". In Sagaster, Börte; Theoharis Stavrides; Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.). Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East: Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier. University of Bamberg Press. pp. v-. ISBN 9783863095277. Cited: p. xi
6. Balta, Evangelia; Ayșe Kavak (2018-02-28). Sagaster, Börte; Theoharis Stavrides; Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.). Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century. Following the trail of Dimitris Nikolaidis in the Ottoman archives. University of Bamberg Press. pp. 33-. ISBN 9783863095277. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) // Cited: p. 42
7. Clogg, Richard (2013). A Concise History of Greece. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-107-03289-7.
8. "Εκδόσεις στην Καραμανλίδικη γραφή". Κέντρο Μικρασιατικών Σπουδών. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
9. "Kamay Vurdum Yere - Folk Dance Federation of California" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)