Julius and Agnes Zancig were stage magicians and authors on occultism who performed a spectacularly successful two-person mentalism act during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Julius Zancig (1857–1929) – born Julius Jörgensen in Copenhagen, Denmark – and his wife Agnes Claussen Jörgensen (c.1850s −1916) – also born in Copenhagen, and known as Agnes Zancig – were the originators of the routine.
The Zancigs managed to fool many spiritualists into believing they had genuine psychic powers. Julius later confessed that their mentalist acts were based on a complex code that they had utilized.[1][2]
Career
Julius and Agnes Zancig
Julius Zancig in his early career worked in iron smelting. Julius and Agnes had been childhood sweethearts in Denmark but grew apart, then met and fell in love again after both had emigrated to the United States. They were married in 1886. Julius later became interested in mentalism and with Agnes, took a mind reading act to the stage.[3]
From their first professional appearance in the 1880s until Agnes's death in 1916, Julis and Agnes performed together as "The Zancigs". Their act was billed as "Two Minds with but one Single Thought".[4]: 213 The Zancigs' act involved Agnes sitting blindfolded on stage while Julius would receive objects and written words from the audience; Agnes would then describe the objects using "telepathy".[4]: 213 Lord Northcliffe, owner of the Daily Mail, used the tabloid to "influence opinion in favour of telepathy, which he believed took place between Julius and Agnes".[4]: 213 The physicist Oliver Lodge and the author Arthur Conan Doyle also believed the Zancigs to be genuine.[4]: 213
As a performing duo, The Zancigs toured the world, visiting England, India, China, Japan, Australia, and South Africa. After several years of travel, they again settled in the United States. During the early 1900s, Julius Zancig wrote articles for magazines. Both individually and as a pair, Agnes and Julius also wrote and published several books on such occult methods of divination and fortune telling as cartomancy, palmistry, and scrying with a crystal ball. On the title pages of these books, they styled themselves "Prof. Zancig" and "Mdme. Zancig."
In 1916, at around age 59, Agnes died. Julius remarried to a schoolteacher named Ada, who had been born in Brooklyn, New York. Ada was a spiritualist, and she became Julius's new partner in the mentalism act. However, Ada was shy and was "ashamed to face the audience with a blatantly fake act".[4]: 214 By 1917, Ada's dislike for public appearances had become so strong that Julius hired Paul Vučić (a.k.a. Paul Rosini) to take her place, under the stage-name "Henry."[4]: 214 In 1917, Vučić, born in 1902 in Trieste to Serbian parents, decided to join the armed forces when the U.S. entered World War I and was replaced by David Theodore Bamberg (1904–1974), the teenaged son of the stage magician Theo "Okito" Bamberg. David Bamberg performed the Zancigs' mind-reading act with Julius under the stage name "Syko the Psychic".
In 1919, the Bamberg family left for Europe and Ada rejoined the act. During this time, Julius devoted more of his time to spiritualism, and the public was losing enthusiasm for the act.[4]: 214
He wrote his last book, on crystal gazing, in 1926. They were living in Ocean Park, California (now Santa Monica, California), when Julius died in 1929, at the age of 72.
Method
The Zancigs worked their stage act by means of an extremely elaborate and undetectable verbal code, which in later years became known as the Zancig Code. In 1921 a small (but by itself essentially useless) portion of the Zancigs' methodology was published by their friend and fellow mentalist-magician, Alexander the Crystal Seer.
In 1924, the psychical researcher Harry Price claimed that Julius had revealed to him his method of using a code.[6] Price later commented:
The Zancigs' performance took years of study to perfect, and several hours practice daily were needed to keep the performers in good form. I have the Zancigs' codes in my library and know the hard work that both Mr. Julius Zancig and his wife put into their 'act,' a matter which I have discussed with Mr. Zancig himself.[7]
The spiritualists Arthur Conan Doyle and W. T. Stead were duped into believing that the Zancigs had genuine psychic powers. Both Doyle and Stead wrote that the Zancigs performed telepathy. In 1924, Julius confessed that their mind reading act was a trick and published the secret code and all the details of the trick method they had used under the title of Our Secrets! in a London newspaper.[8]
Writing in 1929, the year of Julius Zancig's death, the British magician Will Goldston described their methods.[9]
The pair worked on a very complicated and intricate code. There was never any question of thought transference in the act. By framing his question in a certain manner, Julius was able to convey to his wife exactly what sort of object or design had been handed to him. Long and continual practice had brought their scheme as near perfection as is humanly possible. On several occasions confederates were placed in the audience, and at such times the effects seemed nothing short of miraculous. All their various tests were cunningly faked, and their methods were so thorough that detection was an absolute impossibility to the laymen.[9]
In the 1940s, Robert Nelson published a simple stage code which superficially resembled that of the Zancigs, but it did not permit the diversity of expression they had achieved.
To this day, the Zancig Code, also known as "Two Minds With But a Single Thought," is considered by many professional mentalists to be the most dauntingly complex two-person communication system of its type ever devised.[10]
In popular culture
When Stan Laurel, of the comedy team Laurel and Hardy, was approached by the fans who were starting the Laurel and Hardy fan club, "Sons of the Desert," he was asked to supply a motto for the lodge's logo and suggested a parody of the Zancigs' famous tag-line, "Two Minds Without a Single Thought!"
Influence
In 1908 Julius Zancig met Edward Cyril De Hault Laston who became the stage performing mnemonist known as 'Memora'. It was Julius Zancig who promoted Laston's talents to W. T. Stead.[11]
Through Theo Bamberg (aka "Okito"), in 1916, Julius Zancig met the man who would become the extraordinary magician Paul Rosini (1902-1948).[citation needed] Julius worked with Rosini and helped develop his showmanship, persona and act.[citation needed]
Julius influenced many magicians. In 1924, Harry Houdini wrote that "Mr. Jules Zancig is a magician, a member of the Society of American Magicians of which I have been the President for the past seven years. I believe he is one of the greatest second-sight artists that magical history records. In my researches for the past quarter of a century I have failed to trace anyone his superior. His system seems to be supreme."[12]
Crystal Gazing, The Unseen World: A Treatise On Concentration (1926)
References
^Anderson, Rodger. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies. McFarland. p. 188. ISBN0-7864-2770-1 "Zancig confided that he and his wife were using a code perfected after years of practice, an extremely complex system of signals composed of audible and visual cues. He further explained how he had fooled Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, W. G. T. Stead, J. Hewit McKenzie and other prominent spiritualists into thinking him a real psychic."
^Lamb, Geoffrey. (1982). Magic, Witchcraft and the Occult. Hippocrene Books. p. 175. ISBN978-0882547053 "The Zancigs were guarded in their claims, but they convinced many of those who tested them that their telepathic powers were real. In the twenties, however, Julius sold his secret code to the popular British weekly, Answers. When his first wife died he was fortunate enough to find another clever wife and assistant (Ada). Julius himself died in 1929."
^Maskelyne, Jasper. (2009 edition, originally published in 1936). Maskelyne's Book of Magic. Dover Publications. pp. 46-47. ISBN0-486-47177-2
^Price, Harry. (1936). Confessions of a Ghost-Hunter. Putnam. p. 258. "In 1924 Zancig revealed to me his method of using the silent code. Zancig died in the Santa Monica (California) hospital on July 27, 1929, aged seventy-two, after a two years' illness."
^Price, Harry. (1930). Rudi Schneider: A Scientific Examination of His Mediumship. Methuen & Co. p. 44
^ abGoldston, Will. (1929). The Truth About the Zancigs. In Sensational Tales of Mystery Men. London.
^"The Zancig Code". fourteenthstep.com. Fourteenth Step, Inc. 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. This is the basic two-person verbal code as it was used over 100 years ago. Like most routines of this nature, one person (generally a man) interacts with the audience and the other sits on stage, blindfolded (generally a woman). The man walks around and "asks" questions, but is really "telling" the woman what's going on.
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