Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States.[9] The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census.[5] Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which is located in Cambria County and had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset Counties.[10]
History
U.S. Army unit in Johnstown before heading to France during World War IJohnstown City HallUpper Main StreetHistoric Franklin Street UMC survived all three major floods.A steel mill plant in Downtown Johnstown
Johnstown was settled in 1770. The city has experienced three major floods in its history. The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889, occurred after the South Fork Dam collapsed 14.1 miles (22.7 km) upstream from the city during heavy rains. At least 2,209 people died as a result of the flood and subsequent fire that raged through the debris. Another major flood occurred in 1936. Despite a pledge by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to make the city flood free, and despite subsequent work to do so, another major flood occurred in 1977.
Before becoming an independent town, Windber, Pennsylvania was considered a part of the city.
A settlement was established here in 1791 by Joseph Johns, in whose honor it was named, and the place was soon laid out as a town.[12]
19th century
Johnstown was formally platted as Conemaugh Old Town in 1800 by the SwissGerman immigrant Joseph Johns (born Josef Schantz). The settlement was initially known as "Schantzstadt", but was soon anglicized to Johnstown. The community incorporated as Conemaugh borough January 12, 1831,[13] but renamed Johnstown on April 14, 1834.[14] From 1834 to 1854, the city was a port and key transfer point along the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. Johnstown was at the head of the canal's western branch, with canal boats having been transported over the mountains via the Allegheny Portage Railroad and refloated here, to continue the trip by water to Pittsburgh and the Ohio Valley. Perhaps the most famous passenger who traveled via the canal to visit Johnstown briefly was Charles Dickens in 1842. By 1854, canal transport became redundant with the completion of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which now spanned the state. With the coming of the railroads, the city's growth improved. Johnstown became a stop on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and was connected with the Baltimore & Ohio. The railroads provided large-scale development of the region's mineral wealth.
Iron, coal, and steel quickly became central to the town of Johnstown. By 1860, the Cambria Iron Company of Johnstown was the leading steel producer in the United States, outproducing steel giants in Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Through the second half of the 19th century, Johnstown made much of the nation's barbed wire. Johnstown prospered from skyrocketing demand in the western United States for barbed wire. Twenty years after its founding, the Cambria Works was a huge enterprise sprawling over 60 acres (24 ha) in Johnstown and employing 7,000. It owned 40,000 acres (160 km2) of valuable mineral lands in a region with a ready supply of iron, coal and limestone.
Floods were almost a yearly event in the valley during the 1880s. On the afternoon of May 30, 1889, following a quiet Memorial Day ceremony and a parade, it began raining in the valley. The next day water filled the streets, and rumors began that a dam holding an artificial lake in the mountains to the northeast might give way. It did, and an estimated 20 million tons of water began spilling into the winding gorge that led to Johnstown some 14 miles (23 km) away. The destruction in Johnstown occurred in only about 10 minutes. What had been a thriving steel town with homes, churches, saloons, a library, a railroad station, electric street lights, a roller rink, and two opera houses was buried under mud and debris. Out of a population of approximately 30,000 at the time, at least 2,209 people are known to have perished in the disaster. An infamous site of a major fire during the flood was the old stone Pennsylvania Railroad bridge located where the Stonycreek and Little Conemaugh rivers join to form the Conemaugh River. The bridge still stands today.[15]
The Johnstown flood of 1889 established the American Red Cross as the pre-eminent emergency relief organization in the United States. Founder Clara Barton, then 67, came to Johnstown with 50 doctors and nurses and set up tent hospitals as well as temporary "hotels" for the homeless, and stayed on for five months to coordinate relief efforts.[16]
The mills were back in operation within a month. The Cambria Works grew, and Johnstown became more prosperous than ever. The disaster had not destroyed the community but strengthened it. Later generations would draw on lessons learned in 1889. After the successful merger of six surrounding boroughs,[citation needed] Johnstown became a city on April 7, 1890.[17]
In 1923, Johnstown Mayor Joseph Cauffiel ordered the expulsion of all African-Americans and Mexicans in Johnstown who had lived in Johnstown for less than seven years. The edict was in response to a deadly shootout between Robert Young, a black man, and Johnstown police officers. African-Americans had settled in the Rosedale neighborhood during the Great Migration. Although Cauffiel's edict of expulsion was without legal force, some 500 African-Americans fled the city. The Ku Klux Klan burned 12 crosses outside Johnstown in an attempt to intimidate Rosedale's Black population. Pennsylvania GovernorGifford Pinchot intervened to prevent Cauffiel from enforcing the edict.[18][19]
In the early 20th century, the population reached 67,000 people. The city's first commercial radio station, WJAC, began broadcasts in 1925. The downtown boasted at least five major department stores, including Glosser Brothers, which in the 1950s gave birth to the Gee Bee chain of department stores. However, the St Patrick's Dayflood of 1936 combined with the gnawing effects of the Great Depression left Johnstown struggling again. Seeking a permanent solution to the flooding problem, Johnstown's citizens wrote to President Franklin Roosevelt pleading for federal aid. In August 1938, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers launched a five-year project that gouged, widened, deepened, and moved 9.2 miles (14.8 km) of river channel in the city, and encased the river banks in concrete and reinforced steel. In a campaign organized by the Chamber of Commerce, thousands of Johnstown's citizens wrote to friends and relatives across the country hoping to bring new business to the town.
Professional ice hockey found a home in Johnstown, starting in 1941 with the Johnstown Blue Birds for one season and returning in 1950 with the Johnstown Jets. The Jets later hosted an exhibition game against Maurice Richard and the Montreal Canadiens on November 20, 1951. Newcomers to the town heard little about the tragic past. Johnstown proclaimed itself "flood-free", a feeling reinforced when Johnstown was virtually the only riverside city in Pennsylvania not to flood during Hurricane Agnes in 1972.
The immediate post-World War II years marked Johnstown's peak as a steel maker and fabricator. At its peak, steel provided Johnstowners with more than 13,000 full-time, well-paying jobs. However, increased domestic and foreign competition, coupled with Johnstown's relative distance from its primary iron ore source in the western Great Lakes, led to a steady decline in profitability. New capital investment waned. Johnstown's mountainous terrain, and the resulting poor layout for the mills' physical plant strung along 11 miles (18 km) of river bottom lands, compounded the problem.
New regulations ordered by the EPA in the 1970s also hit Johnstown, with the aging Cambria plant (now Bethlehem Steel) especially hard. However, with encouragement from the steel company, city leaders organized an association called Johnstown Area Regional Industries (JARI) and, within a year, raised $3 million for industrial development in the area. Bethlehem Steel, which was the major contributor to the fund, committed itself to bringing new steelmaking technologies to Johnstown because they were impressed by the city's own efforts to diversify.
Extensive damage from the 1977 flood was heavy and there was talk of the company pulling out. Again, the city won a reprieve from the company's top management, which had always regarded the Johnstown works with special affection because of its history and reputation. As the increasing amount of federal environmental regulations became more difficult to comply with and the issues with the aging manufacturing facilities grew more significant, and as steel companies began closing down plants all over the country, by 1982 it looked as if Johnstown had exhausted its appeals. By the early 1990s, Johnstown abandoned most of its steel production, although some limited fabrication work continues.
In 2003, U.S. Census data showed that Johnstown was the least likely city in the United States to attract newcomers; however, what were previously relatively weak opportunities provided by the local manufacturing and service economies have more recently begun to burgeon, attracting outsiders. Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica, a Spanish wind energy company, opened its first U.S. wind turbine blade manufacturing facility near here in 2006 which subsequently closed in 2014.[20] Several wind turbines are sited on Babcock Ridge, the "Eastern Continental Divide", along the eastern edge of Cambria and Somerset counties. Lockheed Martin relocated a facility from Greenville, South Carolina, to Johnstown in 2008. Höganäs AB, a Swedish powdered metals manufacturer operates two plants in the region, one in the Moxham section of the city and also in nearby Hollsopple in Somerset County. Companies like Concurrent Technologies Corporation, DRS Laurel Technologies, ITSI Biosciences, Kongsberg Defense and more throughout the region are in business for themselves. Recent construction in the surrounding region, the downtown, and adjacent Kernville neighborhood—including a new 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m2) Regional Technology Complex that will house a division of Northrop Grumman, among other tenants—signal the increasing dependence of Johnstown's economy on the U.S. government's defense budget. The high-tech defense industry is now the main non-health-care staple of the Johnstown economy, with the region pulling in well over $100M annually in federal government contracts, punctuated by one of the premier defense trade shows in the U.S., the annual Showcase for Commerce.[citation needed]
Johnstown remains a regional medical, educational, cultural, and communications center. As in many other locales, health care provides a significant percentage of the employment opportunities in the city. The region is located right in the middle of the "Health Belt", an area stretching from the Midwest to New England and down the East Coast that has had massive growth in the health care industry. Major health care centers include Memorial Medical Center and Windber Medical Center, the Laurel Highlands Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, and the John P. Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute, with its advances in treating wounded veterans, and the Joyce Murtha Breast Care Center's focus on early diagnosis and advanced treatment.[21]
The University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown and Pennsylvania Highlands Community College attract thousands of students to their contiguous campuses in Richland, 5 miles (8 km) east of Johnstown. Cambria-Rowe Business College, located in the Moxham section of Johnstown, which offered concentrated career training and had continuously served Johnstown since 1891 closed in 2016 after loss of accreditation.[22] The Pasquerilla Performing Arts Center, a concert/theatrical venue at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, attracts high-quality performers. The Johnstown Symphony Orchestra and the recently formed Johnstown Symphony Chamber Players provide classical music. The Johnstown Concert Ballet, centered in the Historic Cambria City District, provides classical ballet performances and training to the area. The Pasquerilla Convention Center was recently constructed downtown, adjacent to the historic Cambria County War Memorial Arena at 326 Napoleon Street. Point Stadium, a baseball park where Babe Ruth once played, was razed and rebuilt. A zoning ordinance created an artist zone and a traditional neighborhood zone to encourage both artistic endeavors and the old-fashioned "Mom and Pop" enterprises that had difficulty thriving under the previous code. The Bottleworks Ethnic Arts Center offers many exhibitions, events, performances, and classes that celebrate the rich and diverse cultural heritage of the area.
The Johnstown Chiefs ice hockey team played for 22 seasons, the longest period a franchise of the league stayed in one city. The Chiefs were a member team of the ECHL, and played their home games in the Cambria County War Memorial Arena. The Chiefs' decision to relocate caused a flood of public interest in the sport of hockey. As many as four leagues were interested in having a team in the War Memorial. In the end the city landed a deal with another ECHL team, the Wheeling Nailers, who played parts of two seasons at the War Memorial. A full-time tenant arrived in 2012, when the Johnstown Tomahawks of the junior North American Hockey League began play.
The recently established ART WORKS in Johnstown! houses artist studios in some of the area's architecturally significant but underused industrial buildings. The ART WORKS in Johnstown project is projected to be a non-profit LEED-certified green building. The Frank & Sylvia Pasquerilla Heritage Discovery Center opened in 2001 with the permanent exhibit "America: Through Immigrant Eyes", which tells the story of immigration to the area during the Industrial Revolution. In June 2009, the Heritage Discovery Center opened the Johnstown Children's Museum and premiered "The Mystery of Steel", a film detailing the history of steel in Johnstown. The Bottleworks Ethnic Arts Center, ART WORKS, and the Heritage Discovery Center are located in the historic Cambria City section of town, which boasts a variety of eastern European ethnic churches and social halls. This neighborhood hosted the National Folk Festival for three years in the early 1990s, which expanded into the Flood City Music Festival. Johnstown also hosts the annual Thunder in the Valley motorcycle rally during the fourth week of June; the event has attracted motorcyclists from across the Northeast to the city of Johnstown since 1998. Well over 200,000 participants enjoyed the 2008 edition of Thunder in the Valley, and the event continues to grow in size.
Significant efforts have been made to deal with deteriorating housing, brownfields, drug problems, and other issues as population leaves the city limits and concentrates in suburban boroughs and townships. The Johnstown Fire Department has become a leader in developing intercommunication systems among first responders, and is now a national model for ways to avoid the communications problems which faced many first responders during the September 11, 2001 attacks.[citation needed]
View of the city of Johnstown from atop the Inclined Plane
Johnstown Flood Memorial & Walking Trail
Downtown Johnstown during the holiday season
Panoramic view of Johnstown
Neighborhoods
Johnstown is divided into many neighborhoods, each with its own unique, ethnic feel. These include the Downtown Business District, Kernville, Hornerstown, Roxbury, Old Conemaugh Borough, Prospect, Woodvale, Minersville, Cambria City, Morrellville (West End), Oakhurst, Coopersdale, Walnut Grove, Moxham and the 8th Ward. Before 1900, the town of Windber, Pennsylvania, was a suburb of Johnstown, until its incorporation.
The borough of Dale is an enclave located within the city of Johnstown, situated on the southeast side of the city between Hornerstown and Walnut Grove.
As of the 2020 census, there were 18,411 people, 8,574 households, and 4,399 families residing in the city.[27] The population density was 3,104.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,198.7/km2). There were 11,133 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 68.1% White, 20.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from some other races and 9.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population.[28] 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.9% were under 5 years of age, and 19.5% were 65 and older.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 20,978 people, 9,917 households, and 5,086 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,559.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,374.4/km2). There were 11,978 housing units at an average density of 2,030.2 per square mile (783.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 80.0% White, 14.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.7% some other race, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.1% of the population. In the three-year period ending in 2010, it was estimated that 22.3% of the population were of German, 15.8% Irish, 12.9% Italian, 7.7% Slovak, 6.7% English, 5.6% Polish, and 6.1% American ancestry.
At the 2010 census, there were 9,917 households, of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.5% were headed by married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.7% were non-families. Of all households, 43.0% were made up of individuals, and 17.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.87.
The age distribution was 21.7% under 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.
For the period 2011–2013, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $23,785, and the median income for a family was $32,221. Male full-time workers had a median income of $31,026 versus $28,858 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,511. 34.2% of the population and 26.9% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total population, 55.0% of those under the age of 18 and 18.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
The unemployment average is reported at 9%. Most of the jobs center around health care, defense, telemarketing and retail.[citation needed]
Economy
A reduction in steel production also reduced coal mining in Pennsylvania, which was important to the Johnstown economy. In 1982, Johnstown's longest-serving mayor, Herbert Pfuhl Jr., said that, as a result of the decline, city revenues had fallen approximately 35 percent.[29]
The Johnstown economy later recovered somewhat, largely due to industry around health care and high-tech defense,[30] but was reported to be the third-fastest shrinking city in the U.S. in 2017.[31] Nonetheless, in 2018, Johnstown was ranked 169th among "The Best Small Places For Business And Careers" in the U.S., by Forbes.[32]
The Carnegie Library, now the Johnstown Flood MuseumThe Stone Bridge stands today as it did in the 1800sMorley's Dog, a sculpture that survived the 1889 flood
Famous Coney Island Hot Dogs – Founded in 1916, this eatery is synonymous with Johnstown culture.
Frank J. Pasquerilla Conference Center
Frank & Sylvia Pasquerilla Heritage Discovery Center – includes several attractions: "America: Through Immigrant Eyes," a permanent exhibit about immigration to the area around the turn of the 20th century; the Johnstown Children's Museum, a 7,000-square-foot (650 m2) children's museum; and the Iron & Steel Gallery, a three-story gallery that includes "The Mystery of Steel," a film about the history of steel in Johnstown.
Grandview Cemetery, Johnstown is one of Pennsylvania's largest cemeteries: With more than 65,000 interments, Grandview is home to over 47 burial sections and more than 235 acres (0.95 km2) of land. Grandview also holds the remains of the 777 victims of the 1889 Johnstown Flood who were not able to be identified.
Johnstown Flood National Memorial – the National Park Service site that preserves the remains of the South Fork Dam and portions of the Lake Conemaugh bed.
Johnstown Flood Museum – shows the Academy Award-winning film The Johnstown Flood as part of the museum experience.
Silver Drive-In – first opened in 1962.[33] While other such facilities in the area have closed over the course of years, the Silver survived through public outcry over proposals to close and demolish it, making a comeback in 2005.[34][35][36] Located in Richland Township, it is now the only drive-in theater in the Johnstown region.
Johnstown hosts a number of events each year. "Thunder in the Valley" is a motorcycle rally with weekend crowds ranging from 150,000 to 200,000.[37] The AAABA amateur baseball tournament is held at the Point Stadium in downtown Johnstown.[38] The Flood City Music Festival is held at Peoples Natural Gas Park.[39] The Sunnehanna Amateur golf tournament is held once a year at Sunnehanna Country Club. Professional golfers have played in this tournament as amateurs such as Tiger Woods and Arnold Palmer.[40]
Johnstown has been home to a long succession of minor league hockeyfranchises dating back to 1940. One of the more recent manifestations, the Johnstown Chiefs, were named for their Slap Shot counterparts. The team made their debut in January 1988 with the All-American Hockey League, joining the league midway through the season. After one season in the AAHL, the Chiefs became one of five teams to join the newly founded East Coast Hockey League (now ECHL). The team announced in February 2010 that they would be leaving Johnstown for a location in South Carolina. In April 2010 it was announced that the Wheeling Nailers of the ECHL would call Johnstown home for 10 games during the regular season and for one of their preseason games. They returned once again for the 2011–12 season. After the 2011-2012 NAHL hockey season, the Alaska Avalanche relocated to Johnstown and became the Johnstown Tomahawks and have remained in Johnstown ever since.
The city has history in amateur and professional baseball. Since 1944, Johnstown has been the host city for the AAABA Baseball Tournament held each summer. Several Major League Baseball players have played on AAABA teams over the years, including Hall-of Famers Al Kaline and Reggie Jackson and former Major League managers Joe Torre and Bruce Bochy. The organization also has its own Hall of Fame instituted in its 50th anniversary year of 1994.
In addition, the city has hosted several incarnations of a minor-league baseball team, the Johnstown Johnnies, beginning in 1884. The last team to play as the Johnnies, as a part of the Frontier League, left the city in 2002.
Johnstown also hosts the annual Sunnehanna Amateur golf tournament at its Sunnehanna Country Club. The invitational tournament hosts top amateur golfers from around the United States.
Johnstown is home to the Flood City Water Polo team. Established in 2005 by Zachary Puhala, the team takes its name from the history of floods in the area. FCWP is part of the American Water Polo Organization.
2015 Kraft Hockeyville USA contest
Johnstown was named Kraft Hockeyville USA in 2015.
Per WJAC; in the year 2022, Johnstown has had 12 homicides as of August. Statistics have not been updated since 2018 — The chances of becoming a victim of a violent crime in Johnstown are 1 in 184 where the average for Pennsylvania is 1 in 316.”[41][needs update]
Government
The Johnstown City Hall is located at 401 Main Street. The mayor of Johnstown is Frank Janakovic, and the Deputy Mayor is Marie Mock.[42]
The district currently operates a pre-school, an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a cyber school.[43]
Bishop McCort High School is a private, Catholic high school serving students in grades 7 through 12.
Technology schools:
The Greater Johnstown Career and Technology School, located just outside of the city limits in Richland Township
Libraries:
The Cambria County Library is located at 248 Main Street.
Media
Johnstown's television market is part of the Johnstown/Altoona/State College market. NBC affiliate WJAC-TV 6 (which also operates the market's CW affiliate through The CW Plus on its DT4 subchannel) and Fox affiliate WWCP-TV 8 are licensed in the city. Johnstown is also served by CBS affiliate WTAJ-TV 10 and ABC affiliate WATM-TV 23, both based in Altoona, and State College-based PBS member station WPSU-TV 3, licensed to Clearfield but based on the Pennsylvania State University campus. Several other low-power stations, including WHVL-LD 29 (MyNetworkTV) in State College, also transmit to Johnstown. WPKD-TV 19, the CW's affiliate in Pittsburgh licensed to Jeannette, began operations in Johnstown and later moved to serve the Pittsburgh area, but would continue to be available in Johnstown until September 2019 as the market's default CW affiliate.
The Johnstown Fire Department has available response teams for Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) and a boat in which they are able to perform water and ice rescues. Along with the fire department is part of the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT). The fire department also provides on-site classes on fire safety.[45]
The Johnstown Police Department (JPD) has 35 full-time officers and the chief of police is Richard Pritchard.[46]
Russell Shorto, author of Island at the Center of the World,Descartes' Bones: A Skeletal History of the Conflict Between Faith and Reason, and Smalltime: A Story of My Family and the Mob.
John Stofa, quarterback for NFL's Buffalo Bills, Miami Dolphins, and Cincinnati Bengals
Michael Strank (1919–1945), World War II hero and one of the six U.S. Marines pictured in the famous Iwo Jima flag raising photo, from Johnstown suburb of Franklin
BIG Brian Subich, world-ranked competitive eater, competed in the Nathan's Hot Dog eating contest
The Bruce Springsteen song "The River" mentions the Johnstown Company: "I got a job working construction, for the Johnstown Company, but lately there ain't been much work, on account of the economy." "Highway Patrolman", another Springsteen song, has the lyrics "as the band played 'Night of the Johnstown Flood'."
The 1977 film Slap Shot, directed by George Roy Hill and starring Paul Newman, was a parody loosely based on the real-life Johnstown Jets ice hockey team and its North American Hockey League championship in 1976. In the movie, Johnstown was rechristened "Charlestown" and the Jets as the Charlestown Chiefs. The film's premiere engendered some local controversy, as some thought Johnstown was portrayed in a less than flattering light. Slap Shot has since become the iconic movie about hockey and its foibles. Screenwriter Nancy Dowd would revive the fake town of "Charlestown" in her screenplay for the 1981 punk rock satire Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains, but the film itself was shot in Canada.
All the Right Moves, a high school football drama set in the fictional town of Ampipe and featuring Tom Cruise, Lea Thompson, and Craig T. Nelson, was filmed in the area. Locations seen in the movie include the old Johnstown High School in the Kernville neighborhood, the Carpatho-Russian Citizen's Club in East Conemaugh, the Franklin works of Bethlehem Steel, Point Stadium, the Johnstown Cochran Junior High football practice field, and the Johnstown Vo-Tech football locker room.
The Johnstown Flood, written and directed by Charles Guggenheim, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary, Short Subject in 1989. The film was commissioned by the Johnstown Flood Museum Association, which later reorganized as the Johnstown Area Heritage Association, and is shown every hour at the Johnstown Flood Museum.
Mystery novel writer K. C. Constantine fictionalized many elements of Johnstown and its culture as "Rocksburg" in his novels, although the nearby city of Greensburg also provides some of the lore for Rocksburg.
In 2000, Kathleen Cambor published In Sunlight, In A Beautiful Garden. The novel followed its characters through the events leading up to and including the 1889 flood. Although the protagonists in the novel were fictional, several historical figures, such as Andrew Mellon, Henry Clay Frick and Daniel Morrell were also depicted in the book.
Johnstown is featured in Defenders of Freedom Volume 1 (2010) and Defenders of Freedom Volume 2 (2012). Both are hardcover books, published by the Williamsport Sun-Gazette, featuring first person stories of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, military veterans who served in World War II, Korea and Vietnam. In the foreword of each volume, Johnstown native and nationally recognized newspaper publisher Bernard A. Oravec shares stories of his father's military police service in Germany and growing up in Johnstown's west end during the 1970s.
Author and Johnstown native Robert T. Jeschonek wrote a nonfiction history of the local landmark Glosser Bros. Department Store and its multimillion-dollar parent company in his 2014 book Long Live Glosser's. Jeschonek also depicted a fictional 1975 tour of the Glosser Brothers Department Store in his 2013 novelette Christmas at Glosser's. Johnstown is the setting of Jeschonek's story Fear of Rain, which was nominated for a British Fantasy Award. His mystery novels Death by Polka and The Masked Family are also set in and around Johnstown.
The 2021 book Smalltime: The Story of My Family and the Mob, by Russell Shorto, is the story of organized crime in and around Johnstown, and the connections Shorto's family had to the American Mafia.[50] Another book that was published in 2021, Disastrous Floods and the Demise of Steel in Johnstown, by Pat Farabaugh, explores the three major floods that hit the city in 1889, 1936 and 1977, as well as the history of the steel and coal industry in the region.[51]
References
^"City Directory". City of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
^"PHMC Historical Markers Search". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original(Searchable database) on March 21, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
^McCullough, David (1987), The Johnstown Flood, Second Touchstone Edition. New York: Touchstone, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc., pp. 229–231 ISBN0-671-20714-8. (Original copyright: 1968, Simon & Schuster.)
Hornbostel, Henry; Wild, George; Rigaumont, Victor A. (1917). The Comprehensive Plan of Johnstown: A City Practicable. Johnstown, Pennsylvania: Leader Press. hdl:2027/nnc1.ar52159507.
Jeschonek, Robert (2014). Christmas at Glosser's (Exclusive Special ed.). United States: Pie Press Publishing. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
Shorto, Russell (2021). Smalltime: A Story of My Family and the Mob. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN978-0393245585. OCLC1155074107. Biography and history of the Mafia in Johnstown.
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1991 studio album by Garth BrooksRopin' the WindStudio album by Garth BrooksReleasedSeptember 2, 1991Recorded1990–1991StudioJack's Tracks Recording StudiosGenreCountryLength39:21LabelCapitol NashvilleProducerAllen ReynoldsGarth Brooks chronology No Fences(1990) Ropin' the Wind(1991) Beyond the Season(1992) Singles from Ropin' the Wind RodeoReleased: August 12, 1991 ShamelessReleased: October 21, 1991 What She's Doing NowReleased: December 6, 1991 Papa Loved MamaReleased: February 3,...
Author and activist Heraa HashmiBorn1997NationalityAmericanKnown forStudent organizer Heraa Hashmi (born August 25, 1997) is an Indian American Muslim author and activist known as the creator of the Muslims Condemn list which collects instances of Muslims speaking out against bad actions done falsely in the name of Islam.[1][2] Muslims Condemn Muslims CondemnAvailable inEnglishURLmuslimscondemn.comCommercialNoLaunchedMarch 2017Current statusDefunct Responding to...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant une gare et la Russie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Tcheliabinsk Bâtiment voyageurs et entrée de la gare. Localisation Pays Russie Ville Tcheliabinsk Coordonnées géographiques 55° 08′ 28″ nord, 61° 24′ 56″ est Gestion et exploitation Propriétaire Oblast de Tcheliabinsk Code ESR 800008 Code Express-3 2040000 Sit...
Literary criticism informed by feminist theory Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights Women's suffrage by country Austria Australia Canada Colombia India Japan Kuwait Liechtenstein New Zealand Spain Second Republic Francoist Switzerland United Kingdom Cayman Islands Wales United States states Intersectional varia...
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: 2024 Call of Duty League season – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) Sports season2024 Call of Duty League seasonLeagueCall of Duty LeagueSportCall of Duty: Modern Warfare IIIDurationDecember 8, 2023 –Number of teams12Seasons...
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Transition The First Edition album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)1971 studio album by The First EditionTransitionStudio album by The First EditionReleasedSeptember 1971LabelReprisePr...
AES AESDer Substitutionsschritt, einer von 4 Teilschritten pro Runde Entwickler Joan Daemen, Vincent Rijmen Veröffentlicht 1998, Zertifizierung Oktober 2000 Abgeleitet von Square Zertifizierung NESSIE Schlüssellänge 128, 192 oder 256 Bit Blockgröße 128 Bit[1] Struktur Substitutions-Permutations-Netzwerk Runden 10, 12 oder 14 (schlüssellängenabhängig) Beste bekannte Kryptoanalyse Der geheime Schlüssel kann bei AES-128 in 2 126 , 1 {\displaystyle 2^{126,1}} Schritten, bei ...
Swedish anthropologist (1899–1993) Bertil J. Lundman (September 28, 1899, Malmö – November 5, 1993) was a Swedish anthropologist. Early life Lundman was born on September 28, 1899, in Malmö. Career Lundman was an anthropologist. In the 1930s, he wrote an article in Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde, a German journal of racial studies.[1] Later, he served on the executive committee of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics.[1] He created a ...
1988 film by Robert Zemeckis This article is about the film. For other uses, see Who Framed Roger Rabbit (disambiguation). Who Framed Roger RabbitTheatrical release poster by Steven ChorneyDirected byRobert ZemeckisScreenplay byJeffrey Price Peter S. SeamanBased onWho Censored Roger Rabbit?by Gary K. WolfProduced by Frank Marshall Robert Watts Starring Bob Hoskins Christopher Lloyd Charles Fleischer Stubby Kaye Joanna Cassidy CinematographyDean CundeyEdited byArthur SchmidtMusic byAlan Silves...
Chatterbot agents for Windows Live Messenger Windows Live AgentsThe Windows Live Agents logo.Windows Live Agents homepageDeveloper(s)MicrosoftFinal release5.1 / November 25, 2008 TypeChatterbotWebsiteArchived official website at the Wayback Machine (archive index) Windows Live Agents within Windows Live Messenger Windows Live Agents are chatterbot agents for Windows Live Messenger that is part of Microsoft's Windows Live services. They provide users the ability to interact with the agents...
Peglio Vorlage:Infobox Gemeinde in Italien/Wartung/Wappen fehlt? Peglio (Italien) Staat Italien Region Lombardei Provinz Como (CO) Lokale Bezeichnung Pei Koordinaten 46° 10′ N, 9° 18′ O46.1602777777789.2947222222222650Koordinaten: 46° 9′ 37″ N, 9° 17′ 41″ O Höhe 650 m s.l.m. Fläche 10,82 km² Einwohner 189 (31. Dez. 2022)[1] Postleitzahl 22010 Vorwahl 0344 ISTAT-Nummer 013178 Bezeichnung der Bewohn...
Ugly Betty Berikut ini adalah Daftar anggota pemain dan bintang tamu di serial komedi-drama ABC, Ugly Betty. Peran inti reguler Musim di mana masing-masing aktor telah dimasukkan dalam pemain utama ditandai dalam warna hitam. Perhatikan bahwa aktor tidak selalu muncul dalam setiap episode selama waktu mereka sebagai bintang utama. Ketika seorang aktor dibintangi juga telah muncul sebagai bintang tamu selama musim lainnya, ini ditandai dalam abu-abu. Pemeran Utama RegulerAmerica FerreraVanessa...
Este artigo carece de caixa informativa ou a usada não é a mais adequada. Foi sugerido que esta caixa fosse inserida. Travanca foi uma freguesia semi-urbana portuguesa do concelho de Oliveira de Azeméis, com 5,8 km² de área e 1 804 habitantes (2011). A sua densidade populacional foi 311 hab/km². A empresa Lacticínios de Azeméis está sediada na localidade e produz o Queijo Universal. Foi extinta em 2013, no âmbito de uma reforma administrativa nacional, tendo sido agregada às f...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
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